• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Zero field Quantum Hall Effect in QED3
Zero field Quantum Hall Effect in QED3

RICAP07_Meli_2
RICAP07_Meli_2

An Introduction to the Standard Model and the Electroweak Force
An Introduction to the Standard Model and the Electroweak Force

quarks and leptons - answers to practice questions
quarks and leptons - answers to practice questions

Strong quantum-confinement effects in the conduction band of
Strong quantum-confinement effects in the conduction band of

Energy transfer of a chaotic particle in a classical oscillating
Energy transfer of a chaotic particle in a classical oscillating

... and chaotic orbits. In Fig. 1b we show the energy, corresponding to a chaotic orbit in Fig. 1a, as a function of n. We see that en varies erratically with n, but is bounded due to the presence of KAM barriers seen in Fig. 1a. As we increase M and=or r, we can gain more energy as it has access to hig ...
How one cell eats another
How one cell eats another

The Heisenberg Uncertainty derivations
The Heisenberg Uncertainty derivations

2 - School of Physics
2 - School of Physics

Optical Tests of Nanoengineered Liquid Mirrors
Optical Tests of Nanoengineered Liquid Mirrors

Chem 1151 Lab 5 - Nuclear Chemistry
Chem 1151 Lab 5 - Nuclear Chemistry

pdf - at www.arxiv.org.
pdf - at www.arxiv.org.

The Diffusion Equation A Multi
The Diffusion Equation A Multi

Introduction to the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
Introduction to the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect

Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy

... particles vibrate and spin and slide past each other—but not as much as is present in a gas. One of the differences between the two is that particles in a liquid are attracted to one another. The attraction brings the particles closer together, and hold it together with other molecules. This also gi ...
shp_05 - Columbia University
shp_05 - Columbia University

... spheres of charge, why should their spins be quantized in magnitude and direction? Classically, there is no way to explain this behavior. In 1925, S. Goudsmidt and G. Uhlenbeck realized that the classical model just cannot apply. Electrons do not spin like tops; their magnetic behavior must be expla ...
International Particle Physics Masterclasses with LHC data
International Particle Physics Masterclasses with LHC data

CHAP6
CHAP6

CHAP6a
CHAP6a

... ‘excited states’ as they must travel faster (at least according to the traffic rules). Cars travelling in the left lane are in the ``ground state’’ as they can move with a relaxingly lower speed. Cars in the excited states must finally resume to the ground state (i.e. back to the left lane) when the ...
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004

... for our understanding of how the theory of one of Nature's fundamental forces works, the force that ties together the smallest pieces of matter – the quarks. David Gross, David Politzer and Frank Wilczek have through their theoretical contributions made it possible to complete the Standard Model of ...
Physical Origin of Elementary Particle Masses
Physical Origin of Elementary Particle Masses

Lecture 7 1.1. If we add two vectors of lengths r and r the sum can
Lecture 7 1.1. If we add two vectors of lengths r and r the sum can

... isospin. Electromagnetism (charge and magnetic moment) and weak interactons responsible for beta decay are small effects in comparsion to the nuclear force. The mass difference, is only about .2%. If we ignore these, the neutron and proton really do look like different states of the same particle. 3 ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... wave function which determines everything that can be known about the system. 2. With every physical observable q there is associated an operator Q, which when operating upon the wavefunction associated with a definite value of that observable will yield that value times the wavefunction. 3. Any ope ...
Laura Covi Institute for Theoretical Physics Georg-August
Laura Covi Institute for Theoretical Physics Georg-August

... They are usually not a thermal relic since if they are thermal their number density is compatible only with Hot/Warm DM... Moreover they do not need to have an exactly conserved quantum number to be ...
Paradigm - RHIP - UT Austin - The University of Texas at Austin
Paradigm - RHIP - UT Austin - The University of Texas at Austin

< 1 ... 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 ... 171 >

Identical particles

Identical particles, also called indistinguishable or indiscernible particles, are particles that cannot be distinguished from one another, even in principle. Species of identical particles include, but are not limited to elementary particles such as electrons, composite subatomic particles such as atomic nuclei, as well as atoms and molecules. Quasiparticles also behave in this way. Although all known indistinguishable particles are ""tiny"", there is no exhaustive list of all possible sorts of particles nor a clear-cut limit of applicability; see particle statistics #Quantum statistics for detailed explication.There are two main categories of identical particles: bosons, which can share quantum states, and fermions, which do not share quantum states due to the Pauli exclusion principle. Examples of bosons are photons, gluons, phonons, helium-4 nuclei and all mesons. Examples of fermions are electrons, neutrinos, quarks, protons, neutrons, and helium-3 nuclei.The fact that particles can be identical has important consequences in statistical mechanics. Calculations in statistical mechanics rely on probabilistic arguments, which are sensitive to whether or not the objects being studied are identical. As a result, identical particles exhibit markedly different statistical behavior from distinguishable particles. For example, the indistinguishability of particles has been proposed as a solution to Gibbs' mixing paradox.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report