Manipulating and Analyzing DNA
... (interspecific variation) and between individuals of the same species (intraspecific variation). Since genes and DNA change as a species evolves, interspecific analysis of DNA provides a picture of evolutionary relationships between different species. Some of the tools of biotechnology are the natur ...
... (interspecific variation) and between individuals of the same species (intraspecific variation). Since genes and DNA change as a species evolves, interspecific analysis of DNA provides a picture of evolutionary relationships between different species. Some of the tools of biotechnology are the natur ...
Slide
... Rare cellular proteins can be made in large amounts for study and for clinical. An expression vector is used. These cloning vectors include appropriate gene regulatory and promoter DNA sequences necessary to enable an adjacent proteincoding DNA insert to be efficiently transcribed in cells. This ca ...
... Rare cellular proteins can be made in large amounts for study and for clinical. An expression vector is used. These cloning vectors include appropriate gene regulatory and promoter DNA sequences necessary to enable an adjacent proteincoding DNA insert to be efficiently transcribed in cells. This ca ...
Document
... Many po1yaromatic hydrocarbons(PAH), such as benzo(a)pyrene(BP), are known to be environmental pollutants and potent chemical carcinogens. The most active forms of the molecules are metabolic derivatives of the parent hydrocarbons. Although a large number of metabolites of BP have been identified, t ...
... Many po1yaromatic hydrocarbons(PAH), such as benzo(a)pyrene(BP), are known to be environmental pollutants and potent chemical carcinogens. The most active forms of the molecules are metabolic derivatives of the parent hydrocarbons. Although a large number of metabolites of BP have been identified, t ...
genetic ppt melanie - IB
... matches the template sequence. The polymerase binds to the primer-template hybrid and begins DNA formation. Extension/elongation step: commonly a temperature of 72 °C is used with Taq polymerase. At this step the DNA polymerase synthesizes a new DNA strand complementary to the DNA template strand by ...
... matches the template sequence. The polymerase binds to the primer-template hybrid and begins DNA formation. Extension/elongation step: commonly a temperature of 72 °C is used with Taq polymerase. At this step the DNA polymerase synthesizes a new DNA strand complementary to the DNA template strand by ...
DNA and Genes - Mr. Boettcher`s Class
... • 1) Traits are passed from one generation of a species to the next generation • 2) Genes are the units of hereditary and determine traits of living things • 3) Living things that reproduce sexually inherit genes in pairs, with one set being contributed by both parents • 4) Some genes are dominant, ...
... • 1) Traits are passed from one generation of a species to the next generation • 2) Genes are the units of hereditary and determine traits of living things • 3) Living things that reproduce sexually inherit genes in pairs, with one set being contributed by both parents • 4) Some genes are dominant, ...
Introduction and review Lecture 1: Jan. 18, 2006
... The first proof was provided In 1961 by measuring the ratio of different dinucleotides in DNA. The concentration of 5’AG3’ was equal to 5’CT3’ (as expected from an antiparallel orientation) and not equal to 5’TC3’ (as expected from a a parallel orientation). DNA sequencing in 1970s confirmed this co ...
... The first proof was provided In 1961 by measuring the ratio of different dinucleotides in DNA. The concentration of 5’AG3’ was equal to 5’CT3’ (as expected from an antiparallel orientation) and not equal to 5’TC3’ (as expected from a a parallel orientation). DNA sequencing in 1970s confirmed this co ...
DNA and Genes - Mr. Boettcher`s Class
... A Brief History into DNA • (1866) Heritable Traits: a scientist monk named Gregory Mendel, noted that parents inherited parents’ traits, and that some traits were more common than others. These traits became known as dominant and recessive traits. Mendel is known as the father of Genetics • 6 Princ ...
... A Brief History into DNA • (1866) Heritable Traits: a scientist monk named Gregory Mendel, noted that parents inherited parents’ traits, and that some traits were more common than others. These traits became known as dominant and recessive traits. Mendel is known as the father of Genetics • 6 Princ ...
UNIT 7 TEST DNA TEST BLUEPRINT
... 1. When the __ for insulin is inserted into bacteria, they can be used to mass-produce insulin. a) chromosome b) gene c) fragment d) base 2. Who discovered the structure of DNA and made a model of it? a) Mendel b) Hershey and Chase c) Watson and Crick d) Wilkins and Franklin 3. Which of the followin ...
... 1. When the __ for insulin is inserted into bacteria, they can be used to mass-produce insulin. a) chromosome b) gene c) fragment d) base 2. Who discovered the structure of DNA and made a model of it? a) Mendel b) Hershey and Chase c) Watson and Crick d) Wilkins and Franklin 3. Which of the followin ...
E. Coli - mrkeay
... 1. Heat DNA to 94-96°C to separate strands 2. Two primers (chunks of single-stranded DNA) are made which correspond to the beginning and end of DNA to be copied 3. Heat to 72°C to extend primers using Taq polymerase 4. Separate strands and anneal (join) primers 5. Extend primers 6. Repeat steps 4-6 ...
... 1. Heat DNA to 94-96°C to separate strands 2. Two primers (chunks of single-stranded DNA) are made which correspond to the beginning and end of DNA to be copied 3. Heat to 72°C to extend primers using Taq polymerase 4. Separate strands and anneal (join) primers 5. Extend primers 6. Repeat steps 4-6 ...
Chapter 12 Study Guide 12.1 Identifying the Substance of Genes
... Copying the Code Each strand of the double helix has all the information needed to reconstruct the other half by the mechanism of base pairing. Because each strand can be used to make the other strand, the strands are said to be complementary. DNA copies itself through the process of replication: Th ...
... Copying the Code Each strand of the double helix has all the information needed to reconstruct the other half by the mechanism of base pairing. Because each strand can be used to make the other strand, the strands are said to be complementary. DNA copies itself through the process of replication: Th ...
chromosome
... Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in total Here are some human chromosomes inside a cell, which have also been made to fluoresce ...
... Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in total Here are some human chromosomes inside a cell, which have also been made to fluoresce ...
Biotechnology
... Identify the roles of a clone and a vector in making recombined DNA. Compare selection and mutation. Define restriction enzymes, and outline their use to make recombinant DNA. List some properties of vectors and describe their use. Outline the steps in PCR and provide an examples of its use. Describ ...
... Identify the roles of a clone and a vector in making recombined DNA. Compare selection and mutation. Define restriction enzymes, and outline their use to make recombinant DNA. List some properties of vectors and describe their use. Outline the steps in PCR and provide an examples of its use. Describ ...
Biology Test Chapters 13 Name and Honor Code: 1. The insertion of
... 17. The process used to separate DNA segments of different lengths is _____. a. PCR c. gene amplification b. gel electrophoresis d. all of these 18. The Human Genome Project has involved sequencing and mapping the human genome. The most important benefit of this information has been the diagnosis of ...
... 17. The process used to separate DNA segments of different lengths is _____. a. PCR c. gene amplification b. gel electrophoresis d. all of these 18. The Human Genome Project has involved sequencing and mapping the human genome. The most important benefit of this information has been the diagnosis of ...
Problem Set 1A
... Note that the break that occurred at anaphase I in the dicentric chromosome, could have occurred anywhere between the two centromeres. 4. Compare legitimate recombination to illegitimate recombination. Which is more common? Legitimate recombination is recombination between two DNA sequences that sh ...
... Note that the break that occurred at anaphase I in the dicentric chromosome, could have occurred anywhere between the two centromeres. 4. Compare legitimate recombination to illegitimate recombination. Which is more common? Legitimate recombination is recombination between two DNA sequences that sh ...
Comparative genomic hybridization
Comparative genomic hybridization is a molecular cytogenetic method for analysing copy number variations (CNVs) relative to ploidy level in the DNA of a test sample compared to a reference sample, without the need for culturing cells. The aim of this technique is to quickly and efficiently compare two genomic DNA samples arising from two sources, which are most often closely related, because it is suspected that they contain differences in terms of either gains or losses of either whole chromosomes or subchromosomal regions (a portion of a whole chromosome). This technique was originally developed for the evaluation of the differences between the chromosomal complements of solid tumor and normal tissue, and has an improved resoIution of 5-10 megabases compared to the more traditional cytogenetic analysis techniques of giemsa banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) which are limited by the resolution of the microscope utilized.This is achieved through the use of competitive fluorescence in situ hybridization. In short, this involves the isolation of DNA from the two sources to be compared, most commonly a test and reference source, independent labelling of each DNA sample with a different fluorophores (fluorescent molecules) of different colours (usually red and green), denaturation of the DNA so that it is single stranded, and the hybridization of the two resultant samples in a 1:1 ratio to a normal metaphase spread of chromosomes, to which the labelled DNA samples will bind at their locus of origin. Using a fluorescence microscope and computer software, the differentially coloured fluorescent signals are then compared along the length of each chromosome for identification of chromosomal differences between the two sources. A higher intensity of the test sample colour in a specific region of a chromosome indicates the gain of material of that region in the corresponding source sample, while a higher intensity of the reference sample colour indicates the loss of material in the test sample in that specific region. A neutral colour (yellow when the fluorophore labels are red and green) indicates no difference between the two samples in that location.CGH is only able to detect unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities. This is because balanced chromosomal abnormalities such as reciprocal translocations, inversions or ring chromosomes do not affect copy number, which is what is detected by CGH technologies. CGH does, however, allow for the exploration of all 46 human chromosomes in single test and the discovery of deletions and duplications, even on the microscopic scale which may lead to the identification of candidate genes to be further explored by other cytological techniques.Through the use of DNA microarrays in conjunction with CGH techniques, the more specific form of array CGH (aCGH) has been developed, allowing for a locus-by-locus measure of CNV with increased resolution as low as 100 kilobases. This improved technique allows for the aetiology of known and unknown conditions to be discovered.