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Lecture material
Lecture material

... ‘‘Parity Rule type 2’’ ...
Presentation File
Presentation File

DNA and Genetics in Biotechnology
DNA and Genetics in Biotechnology

... More cells make extraction easier, but only a few cells are need with PCR techniques. ▫ a. Skin, blood, saliva, semen, mucus, muscle tissue, bone marrow, etc. ▫ b. DNA cannot be extracted from hair, unless skin is attached at the bottom. ...
which came first- the chicken (dna ) or the egg (rna)?
which came first- the chicken (dna ) or the egg (rna)?

... where life came from. With DNA, one must answer the question of where did all the information, stored within itself, come from? In other words, how could the process of natural selection or microevolution gain and pass on information to increase complexity? Today, very few scientists believe DNA cou ...
Glencoe Biology
Glencoe Biology

Practical Applications of DNA Technology
Practical Applications of DNA Technology

...  Yeast cells—contain plasmids therefore they can replicate in either F. There are more aggressive techniques for inserting foreign DNA into eukaryotic cells:  Electroporation—brief electric pulse applied to a cell solution causes temporary holes in the plasma membrane—DNA can enter.  With thin ne ...
palm-print on stickers as a replacement of blood
palm-print on stickers as a replacement of blood

... The DNA, which can be obtained from a 1.5 x 0.5 cm slice of a sticker, is of good quantity for PCR analysis in most cases. However, depending on the conditions of the hand, which are still not clear to us, some palm-prints of the same person taken on different days gave poor results. This problem is ...
DNA Presentation - UW
DNA Presentation - UW

... • Idea of “Prosecutor’s Fallacy” is effective enough to lift conviction and order a retrial. • Idea that DNA evidence should be presented carefully in court to avoid the Prosecutor’s Fallacy. ...
18 - cloudfront.net
18 - cloudfront.net

... The idea behind PCR is surprisingly simple. At one end of a piece of DNA a biologist wants to copy, he or she adds a short piece of DNA that is complementary to a portion of the sequence. At the other end, the biologist adds another short piece of complementary DNA. These short pieces are known as " ...
13-2 Manipulating DNA
13-2 Manipulating DNA

... The idea behind PCR is surprisingly simple. At one end of a piece of DNA a biologist wants to copy, he or she adds a short piece of DNA that is complementary to a portion of the sequence. At the other end, the biologist adds another short piece of complementary DNA. These short pieces are known as " ...
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) + Electrophoresis with agarose
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) + Electrophoresis with agarose

... particular DNA sequence. The method relies on thermal cycling, consisting of cycles of repeated heating and cooling of the reaction for DNA melting and enzymatic replication of the DNA. Primers (short DNA fragments, 10-20bp) containing sequences complementary to the target region along with a DNA po ...
The Impact of the Human Genome Project on Clinical
The Impact of the Human Genome Project on Clinical

... 1995 - Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray 1996 - Commercialization of arrays (Affymetrix) 1997- Genome-wide expression monitoring in S. cerevisiae (yeast) 2000 – Portraits/Signatures of cancer ...
What is DNA? - ScienceWithMrShrout
What is DNA? - ScienceWithMrShrout

... • Section objective: • Summarize DNA replication ...
DNA Replication Notes
DNA Replication Notes

... Covalent bonds attach the backbone together Hydrogen bonds attach the strands back together ...
sg 13
sg 13

... Restriction fragment analysis detects DNA differences that affect restriction sites RFLP analysis is the application of RE site differences PCR can be used to identify if a particular DNA sequence is present or conduct haplotype analysis (determine someone’s genotype) o Southern blotting uses a smal ...
Genetics Option - Worked Examples
Genetics Option - Worked Examples

... identify a suspect from a tiny sample of blood, semen, saliva or other tissue. Before this, they could only identify blood groups and a few proteins, which could provide only a very rough identification. The technology has also brought a much greater degree of certainty to other areas, such as pater ...
GENETIC ANALYZER We have a 3130xl Genetic Analyzer from
GENETIC ANALYZER We have a 3130xl Genetic Analyzer from

Process of Electrophoresis
Process of Electrophoresis

... current causes the negatively-charged DNA molecules to move towards the positive electrode. Imagine the gel as a strainer with tiny pores that allow small particles to move through it very quickly. The larger the size of the particles, however, the slower they are strained through the gel. After a p ...
Pre – AP Biology
Pre – AP Biology

... 1 in 70 Trillion genetic possibility of identical copy. (There are only 7.5 billion people on Earth.) ...
Mar. 8 Presentation Q-PCR
Mar. 8 Presentation Q-PCR

01 - Fort Bend ISD
01 - Fort Bend ISD

... 7. The chance that two people have four repeats in location A is 1 in 100. The chance that two people have eight repeats in location B is 1 in 50. The probability that two people have three repeats in location C is 1 in 200. What is the probability that two people would have matching DNA fingerprint ...
Cytogenetics
Cytogenetics

Minimizing Observer Effects in the Interpretation of Forensic DNA
Minimizing Observer Effects in the Interpretation of Forensic DNA

Science - Mansfield ISD
Science - Mansfield ISD

... Unit Topic: DNA Structure and DNA Replication 6A Identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA. (EOC Readiness Standard) (College and Career Readiness Standards) 5C Describe the roles of DNA, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and enviro ...
Genetic Technology - Solon City Schools
Genetic Technology - Solon City Schools

... • Attach DNA fragment to a “vehicle” (vector) • Transfer “vehicle” (vector) into a host organism ...
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Comparative genomic hybridization



Comparative genomic hybridization is a molecular cytogenetic method for analysing copy number variations (CNVs) relative to ploidy level in the DNA of a test sample compared to a reference sample, without the need for culturing cells. The aim of this technique is to quickly and efficiently compare two genomic DNA samples arising from two sources, which are most often closely related, because it is suspected that they contain differences in terms of either gains or losses of either whole chromosomes or subchromosomal regions (a portion of a whole chromosome). This technique was originally developed for the evaluation of the differences between the chromosomal complements of solid tumor and normal tissue, and has an improved resoIution of 5-10 megabases compared to the more traditional cytogenetic analysis techniques of giemsa banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) which are limited by the resolution of the microscope utilized.This is achieved through the use of competitive fluorescence in situ hybridization. In short, this involves the isolation of DNA from the two sources to be compared, most commonly a test and reference source, independent labelling of each DNA sample with a different fluorophores (fluorescent molecules) of different colours (usually red and green), denaturation of the DNA so that it is single stranded, and the hybridization of the two resultant samples in a 1:1 ratio to a normal metaphase spread of chromosomes, to which the labelled DNA samples will bind at their locus of origin. Using a fluorescence microscope and computer software, the differentially coloured fluorescent signals are then compared along the length of each chromosome for identification of chromosomal differences between the two sources. A higher intensity of the test sample colour in a specific region of a chromosome indicates the gain of material of that region in the corresponding source sample, while a higher intensity of the reference sample colour indicates the loss of material in the test sample in that specific region. A neutral colour (yellow when the fluorophore labels are red and green) indicates no difference between the two samples in that location.CGH is only able to detect unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities. This is because balanced chromosomal abnormalities such as reciprocal translocations, inversions or ring chromosomes do not affect copy number, which is what is detected by CGH technologies. CGH does, however, allow for the exploration of all 46 human chromosomes in single test and the discovery of deletions and duplications, even on the microscopic scale which may lead to the identification of candidate genes to be further explored by other cytological techniques.Through the use of DNA microarrays in conjunction with CGH techniques, the more specific form of array CGH (aCGH) has been developed, allowing for a locus-by-locus measure of CNV with increased resolution as low as 100 kilobases. This improved technique allows for the aetiology of known and unknown conditions to be discovered.
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