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Dear Colleagues, - Centre for Rare Cardiovascular Diseases
Dear Colleagues, - Centre for Rare Cardiovascular Diseases

... cases described [5]. The estimated prevalence may be as high as ≥ 19%, what is in contrast to expecetd 0.2% found in general population. Explanation of coexistence of this two conditions is a matter of debate. Genetic background is proposed. Most described cases presented with typical angina pectori ...
Effective ways to prevent recurrence of acute
Effective ways to prevent recurrence of acute

... discharge summary forwarded to their GP The National Heart Foundation of Aus- and only 68% of GPs rated the information tralia’s review of management gaps for the in the summaries they received as ‘very good’ treatment of patients with CHD in general to ‘excellent’.34 Focus is needed to ensure pract ...
chapter 6: cardiovascular emergencies
chapter 6: cardiovascular emergencies

... ANGINA: chest pain associated with heart disease that occurs when the heart muscle does not get enough blood (brought on by physical activity, exposure to cold,or emotional stress) Care for Angina:  Have the victim rest  Give Nitroglycerin if victim has prescribed medication  If the pain continue ...
Palpitations Pathway - Harrogate and Rural District CCG
Palpitations Pathway - Harrogate and Rural District CCG

... Manage in Primary Care • Reassure • Manage underlying cause • CVD risk management • Lifestyle advice • Give advice re driving and work if appropriate • If palpitations remain poorly controlled and symptomatic refer ...
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

... Tricuspid valve  Bicuspid valve (mitral valve) ...
Understanding cardiomyopathy
Understanding cardiomyopathy

... Cardiomyopathy is a particularly poignant cardiac condition. After coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathies represent the second largest group of patients who die suddenly from a cardiac cause. In many cases, a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy is only made when symptoms are advanced or at post mortem. Wh ...
CardioRenal Interrelationship
CardioRenal Interrelationship

... - A normal heart in chronic renal disease is the exception rather than the rule - Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death (often sudden) in renal disease, even after kidney transplantation. - Abnormalities associated with chronic renal disease (eg. volume/pressure overload) may initiate or ...
Heart disease and heart murmurs in cats
Heart disease and heart murmurs in cats

... less blood is pumped out of the heart with every contraction. As the disease progresses, the heart becomes less and less effective and eventually the heart is not able to pump enough blood through to satisfy demand, this leads to heart failure. Commonly breathlessness, lethargy and loss of appetite ...
Palpitation
Palpitation

... Medicine Hx - Cardiovascular System History of “Palpitation” A. Overview: Definition: It is usually taken to mean an unexpected awareness of the heartbeat. ...
Chapter 6 Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke
Chapter 6 Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke

... of hemorrhagic strokes result in death within 30 days. In addition to mortality, stroke is also the leading cause of adult disability in the US. (body functions, gait problems, impaired vision, speech, comprehension, depression, memory loss and paralysis). Stroke has been the 3rd leading cause of de ...
NURSING CARE OF THE CHILD WITH A
NURSING CARE OF THE CHILD WITH A

... • Administration of Ibuprofen for inflammation and platelet aggregation • IV immunoglobulin to decrease immune response • Most children recover fully but some will need heart surgery to ...
ARRHYTHMIAS in Adult Congenital Heart Disease
ARRHYTHMIAS in Adult Congenital Heart Disease

... ARRHYTHMIAS in Adult Congenital Heart Disease Annette Haynes RN, MS, CCRN Cardiology Clinical Nurse Specialist Stanford Hospital and Clinics Palo Alto, California INTRODUCTION Symptomatic arrhythmias occur with increasing frequency for adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) as they move through adole ...
Pregnancy with uncorrected tetralogy of Fallot: a case report
Pregnancy with uncorrected tetralogy of Fallot: a case report

... The principle danger for a pregnant woman with TOF is cardiac decompensation because of inability to meet the additional demands imposed by the physiological changes of pregnancy and parturition. The cardiovascular changes of pregnancy may unmask residual or recurrent TOF in patients with corrective ...
SBI3U_04_10_Circulatory_Health
SBI3U_04_10_Circulatory_Health

... to tissues further away. • Can form clots that block blood flow in vessels altogether. • Can lead to heart attack or stroke. • Coronary arteries are particularly susceptible. ...
Cardiology Update 2016
Cardiology Update 2016

... with coronary disease, valvular heart disease, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. Learning Objectives: This educational event is tailored to meet the following objectives and at the conclusion of this activity, the participants should be able to: • Describe t ...
Challenges of Postoperative Management, ICU Care
Challenges of Postoperative Management, ICU Care

... TEVAR is now considered a reasonable alternative to open repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA). Patients undergoing TEVAR tend to be elderly with multiple comorbidities which may increase the risk of post-operative morbidity and mortality. Complications associated with TEVAR include death, strok ...
King`s Health Partners Cardiology
King`s Health Partners Cardiology

... alone. It is also the leading cause of mortality in women and 25% of all cardiovascular disease (CVD) cases are premature and preventable. ...
Angina Pectoris File
Angina Pectoris File

... Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome usually characterized by episodes or paroxysms of pain or pressure in the anterior chest.  The cause is insufficient coronary blood flow, resulting in a decreased oxygen supply when there is increased myocardial demand for oxygen in response to physical exerti ...
Downloaded - International Society of Drug Bulletins
Downloaded - International Society of Drug Bulletins

... was modified or terminated. With this approach, any patient could belong to any treatment group but only during exposure to treatment. All models were adjusted for age, sex, calendar year of initiation of glucose-lowering pharmacotherapy, gross income, co-morbidity, and time-dependent adjustment for ...
Cardiopulmonary efficiency evaluation in women between 50
Cardiopulmonary efficiency evaluation in women between 50

... left ventricle, and the weakening of the sinus node function [8]. The outcome of ‘INTERHEART’ research, which included 25 thousand people from 52 countries and different continents, indicates that among the studied risk factors of a possible heart attack, those that autonomously determine it are as ...
The Cardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular System

...  Hyalinization and hyperplasia of the smooth muscle cells of the arterioles  Fibrosis of small arteries  Narrowing of arterioles and release of rennin promoting renal ischemia ...
Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can no longer pump
Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can no longer pump

... shortness of breath from fluid in the lungs swelling (such as in legs, ankles or abdomen) dizziness fatigue weakness cold or clammy skin a rapid or irregular heartbeat. ...
Cardiovascular Medicine
Cardiovascular Medicine

... which essentially cures the vast majority of patients and may greatly reduce their risk of having a stroke. U-M has become a leader in providing this treatment. But Chan worked with U-M heart rhythm specialists Hakan Oral, MD and Fred Morady, MD to create a computer model that addressed a fundamenta ...
Eight Challenges Faced by GPs Caring for Patients After Acute Coronary Syndrome
Eight Challenges Faced by GPs Caring for Patients After Acute Coronary Syndrome

... reality of clinical practice is that many patients feel they need assistance. A Cochrane review of nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) in trials involving more than 50 000 patients has shown that all the methods of delivery (chewing gum, transdermal patches, oral and nasal sprays, inhalers and tab ...
Patterns of Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction
Patterns of Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction

... But this finding, along with the greater incidence of MI, raises the possibility that myocardial structural change represents a marker for the systemic consequences of hypertension, including vascular remodeling, resulting in both cerebral and myocardial ischemic events. Another clue that linkage be ...
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Cardiovascular disease



Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.
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