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HEART DISEASE Signs and Symptoms
HEART DISEASE Signs and Symptoms

... One example is ventricular fibrillation. This type of arrhythmia causes a severely abnormal heart rhythm that leads to death unless treated right away with an electrical shock to the heart (called defibrillation). Other arrhythmias are less severe, but can develop into more serious conditions such a ...
Mitral/Tricuspid Regurgitation Due to Myxomatous Heart
Mitral/Tricuspid Regurgitation Due to Myxomatous Heart

... to years, no medications, special foods, or treatments of any kind have been conclusively shown to help, although some dogs with a severely enlarged left atrium may have a mild benefit from receiving a type of medication called an ACE inhibitor. Many types and brands of specialty or prescription dog ...
New onset atrial fibrillation after initiating amphetamine
New onset atrial fibrillation after initiating amphetamine

... a salt combination widely used for the treatment of ADHD. It is a noncatecholamine sympathomimetic central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, and a class II controlled substance. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) label for Adderall gives warning of serious cardiovascular events and risk of sudden ...
Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Dysfunction in Patients of
Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Dysfunction in Patients of

... Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not uncommon but fortunately treatable and it is recognised worldwide as a public health problem. Patients with CKD are at significantly increased risk for both morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients on dialysis have a 10- to 30-fold incre ...
Short- and Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability
Short- and Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability

... BP has not been used in large-scale trials on antihypertensive treatment (except for small substudies on nonrandomized patients), the protective effect of treatment-induced changes in BP variability with respect to the concomitant changes in BP mean awaits proper documentation. Finally, when using n ...
Hypertension from Framingham to ALLHAT: Translating clinical trials
Hypertension from Framingham to ALLHAT: Translating clinical trials

... is not aimed at preventing events in the short term, because risk at that age is very low. Although people in their 40s had a greater increase in rates of coronary mortality from increasing blood pressure, the absolute number of events was much lower (from about 1 to 10 deaths/1,000 people/year as s ...
S1936878X12007954_mmc1 - JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging
S1936878X12007954_mmc1 - JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging

... Figure 1: Bull’s eye reconstruction color coded for epicardial fat thickness The 24 segments epicardial bull’s eye reconstruction with 8 short axis segments and 3 long axis segments. For each segment the mean epicardial fat thickness (mm) is indicated. The basal and apical anterior RV wall and the b ...
What is Atrial Fibrillation?
What is Atrial Fibrillation?

... The main risk of atrial fibrillation is stroke and the development or worsening of heart failure. Nearly 25 percent of all strokes caused by a blood clot to the brain are secondary to atrial fibrillation. Each individual may have different risk of developing a stroke. If a person is young, healthy, ...
MAKE UP ASSIGNMENT POLICIES
MAKE UP ASSIGNMENT POLICIES

... Step 9 Glue the free ends of the blue string to the surface of the lung that has the tiny blue vessels. Glue the free ends of the red string to the surface of the balloon that has the tiny red vessels. You have completed the part of the model that represents the pump that moves blood to your lungs a ...
The Valve Clinic
The Valve Clinic

... other injury to the heart, advanced high blood pressure and heart failure, as well as atherosclerosis (plaque build’s up) in the aorta and valve. Age-related changes of men older than 65 and women older than 75 are prone to developing calcium in their heart valves. This stiffens and thickens the val ...
Radiation Dose-Volume Effects in the Heart
Radiation Dose-Volume Effects in the Heart

... been shown, primarily because of the scarcity of the data. Several clinical factors, such as age, comorbidities and doxorubicin use, appear to increase the risk of injury. The existing dose-volume data is presented, as well as suggestions for future investigations to better define radiation-induced ...
Ventricular Dysfunction s/p Heart Transplantation
Ventricular Dysfunction s/p Heart Transplantation

... symptoms  Cardiac irritation-rub, arrhythmia  Symptoms of low cardiac outputdyspnea,syncope,orthopnea ...
Late presentation of ALCAPA syndrome in an elderly Asian lady
Late presentation of ALCAPA syndrome in an elderly Asian lady

... The LM arises from the aortic root and branch into the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left circumflex artery. When the entire left coronary artery system arises from the pulmonary artery, it is an extremely rare entity called anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary ...
atrial flutter with complete heart block - Heart
atrial flutter with complete heart block - Heart

... In 1957 he was admitted to hospital with severe vertigo, vomiting, and paraesthesiae down the left half of the body due to thrombosis of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery. He also described central chest pain on effort, rapidly relieved by rest, and present for the previous five years. ...
- David Winston, RH
- David Winston, RH

... David Winston, RH (AHG) ©2010, revised 2012 Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in the U.S. and developed countries. The CDC reports that in 2007 there were 616,067 deaths caused by heart problems and that many, if not most, were preventable. According to the WHO, the major ...
Diagnosis and management of Hypertension
Diagnosis and management of Hypertension

... • 70% of all hypertensive patients are stage I hypertension • 12% of all hypertensive suffer from isolated systolic hypertension ...
Anticoagulation Therapy in the CICU
Anticoagulation Therapy in the CICU

... • Treat arterial, venous and intracardiac thrombi as per guidelines • Follow-up plan for each thrombotic event (inpatient and outpatient) • No data for overall prophylaxis. Define high risk groups. ...
Arrhythmias – Clinical Update
Arrhythmias – Clinical Update

... atrial appendage (clots form in an ‘earlike structure’ — full of crevices and holes — off the left atrium). The risk of stroke in people with any kind of AF is approximately five times greater than in those who do not have the condition. The risk is the same whether the patient is experiencing parox ...
functional capacity
functional capacity

... How much blood circulates during each minute to account for observed O2 consumption, given the amount extracted? ...
Atrial fibrillation and outcomes in heart failure with preserved versus
Atrial fibrillation and outcomes in heart failure with preserved versus

... (95% CI 13.8 to 14.5). The crude rate (per 100 person-years) of death was higher in those with incident AF compared with those who had preexisting AF or no AF (Table 3). In the overall cohort, after adjustment for potential confounders, compared with those who did not have AF, incident and preexisti ...
list of critical illness diseases
list of critical illness diseases

... vi. Must result in a permanent bedridden situation and inability to get up without outside assistance. These conditions have to be medically documented for at least 90 days. Excluded are Drug-induced or toxic causes of Parkinsonism. PRIMARY PERMANENT HYPERTENSION: Primary Pulmonary Hypertension with ...
future cardiac events in normally diagnosed gated myocardial
future cardiac events in normally diagnosed gated myocardial

... knowledge, there is no national data available from community based studies on prevalence of CAD in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A study done by Al-Nozha MM and colleagues [5] about the status of Coronary artery disease in Saudi Arabia concluded that the overall prevalence of CAD in KSA is 5.5 ...
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Cardiac Rehabilitation

... – < 62 yrs: 46% utilization – > 62 yrs: 21% utilization – Most powerful predictor of utilization was recommendation of primary care physician to participate ...
Left-Sided Congestive Heart Failure
Left-Sided Congestive Heart Failure

...  Toxicity of doxorubicin (a chemotherapeutic drug) to the heart in dogs  Inadequate levels of thyroid hormone (known as “hypothyroidism”)—rare  Excessive levels of thyroid hormone (known as “hyperthyroidism”)—rarely causes pump failure Pressure Overload of the Left Side of the Heart  Generalized ...
Central Pressure More Strongly Relates to Vascular Disease and
Central Pressure More Strongly Relates to Vascular Disease and

... and brachial pulse pressures were more strongly related to vascular hypertrophy and extent of atherosclerosis than were systolic pressures. Central pulse pressure was more strongly related to all 3 arterial measures than was brachial pulse pressure (r⫽0.364 versus 0.309 for plaque score; P⬍0.001 for ...
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Cardiovascular disease



Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.
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