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Natural selection
Natural selection

... a tautology, or something that is true by definition, and thus of no meaning or value. - the typical argument goes like this: - one can ask the question: What is evolution by natural selection? - a common answer would be: natural selection is the “survival of the fittest”! - OK, its the survival of ...
Natural selection
Natural selection

... a tautology, or something that is true by definition, and thus of no meaning or value. - the typical argument goes like this: - one can ask the question: What is evolution by natural selection? - a common answer would be: natural selection is the “survival of the fittest”! - OK, its the survival of ...
Rate Asymmetry After Genome Duplication Causes Substantial
Rate Asymmetry After Genome Duplication Causes Substantial

... Whole-genome duplication (WGD) produces sets of gene pairs that are all of the same age. We therefore expect that phylogenetic trees that relate these pairs to their orthologs in other species should show a single consistent topology. However, a previous study of gene pairs formed by WGD in the yeas ...
Protocol S1.
Protocol S1.

... genetic differences leading to post-mating isolation might be held in disequilibrium with the chirality locus itself. The previous analysis made this seem unlikely, since it suggested that even with almost no interchiral mating, the population would still lie in an equilibrium where there is conside ...
On the Origin of Adaptations: Rethinking Fidelity Discourse and
On the Origin of Adaptations: Rethinking Fidelity Discourse and

... on its own as an independent work, separate from the “source,” and can be judged accordingly; this would be true no matter what the critical perspective of the assessor might be—feminist, Marxist, postcolonial, and so on—and whether context (as opposed to source) were deemed relevant or not.7 In thi ...
Preface 1 PDF
Preface 1 PDF

... Today, scholars are therefore more and more pleading for an Extended Synthesis that integrates these research fields and their important data into a larger and richer theoretical framework whereby we can understand the evolution of life. v ...
On the Origin of Adaptations: Rethinking Fidelity Discourse and
On the Origin of Adaptations: Rethinking Fidelity Discourse and

... on its own as an independent work, separate from the “source,” and can be judged accordingly; this would be true no matter what the critical perspective of the assessor might be—feminist, Marxist, postcolonial, and so on—and whether context (as opposed to source) were deemed relevant or not.7 In thi ...
Theory of Evolution and its Impact
Theory of Evolution and its Impact

... it that honey bees build hexagonal spaces for their young? Why not squares or circles or whatever? Through a number of rather ingenious experiments (involving the use of colored wax to see exactly how and when the bees use their building materials) Darwin was able to show that this is the most effic ...
WebGestaltR
WebGestaltR

... WebGestaltR is the R version of our well-known web application tool WebGestalt (www.webgestalt.org) that has been visited 57,880 times by 26,233 users from 140 countries and territories in 2016 and has also been cited 371 in 2016. The advantage of this R package is it can be easily integrated to oth ...
Evolution Definitions
Evolution Definitions

... When lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation? a. b. c. d. ...
natural selection
natural selection

... evolution from real life examples? Standard B.7C - Analyze and evaluate how natural selection produces change in populations, not individuals. B.7E - Analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selection to adaptation and to the development of diversity in and among species. ...
Just What Were You Thinking
Just What Were You Thinking

... pictures. English Bulldog and Chihuahua skulls are great examples of traits chosen to exist that actually detract from their overall health. 2. It is unclear whether students will understand fitness as it relates to changing environments and other pressures, as opposed to natural selection working ...
Selection
Selection

... in allele frequencies from generation to generation occur in a unique manner and can be unambiguously predicted from knowledge of initial conditions. Strictly speaking, this approach applies only when: (1) the population is infinite in size, and (2) the environment either remains constant with time ...
Module 8: Horizontal Gene Transfer
Module 8: Horizontal Gene Transfer

... 7. After clicking on the Image in PNG format (bitmap) in Figure 8.14 has been clicked, an unrooted phylogenetic tree similar to the one shown in Figure 8.15 will appear. A concise review of the interpretation of figure 8.14 can be found at: http://epidemic.bio.ed.ac.uk/how_to_read_a_phylogeny. A sum ...
PPT - Bioinformatics.ca
PPT - Bioinformatics.ca

... More than one annotation term allowed per gene Some genomes are annotated more than others Annotation comes from manual and electronic sources GO can be simplified for certain uses (GO Slim) ...
Abstract - BioMed Central
Abstract - BioMed Central

... Intron identification is performed by looking at intron PAPs and at splice sites that are positionally conserved. The nodes in splice site graphs are putative donor- and acceptor sites. These are predicted by a PSSM search of generic fungal splice site (Figure 3a-c; see methods section for further d ...
Natural Selection
Natural Selection

... In 1977, the area the Grants were working in suffered a severe drought Over a period of about 20 months, 84% of the medium ground finch population disappeared (Fig 3.5a Freeman and Herron) It was inferred that the finches probably died of starvation since there was a strong correspondence with seed ...
Physical Adaptation
Physical Adaptation

... ulcer, diverticulitis and gall bladder disease. He studied marine life and flora and fauna of South America for the five year trip. ...
Kin selection, genomics and caste
Kin selection, genomics and caste

... 1. William D. Hamilton and kin selection theory William D. Hamilton revolutionized the study of sociality [1]. Arguably, Hamilton’s most important work focused on the process of kin selection. Kin selection occurs when alleles for social behaviours are selected because these behaviours affect the fi ...
The Informational Gene and the Substantial Body: On the
The Informational Gene and the Substantial Body: On the

... can even come to replace the molecular concept of the gene altogether. The result is a theory that genes are evolutionary information. Hence if evolution occurs at other levels, there must be “genes” at those levels. As formal theory, this reflexive definition of the gene in terms of evolutionary th ...
Answers to Mastering Concepts Questions
Answers to Mastering Concepts Questions

... 1. How did James Hutton, Georges Cuvier, Georges-Louis Buffon, Jean Baptiste de Lamarck, Charles Lyell, and Thomas Malthus influence Charles Darwin’s thinking? James Hutton influenced Darwin by suggesting that changes in nature were gradual and uniform (a concept called uniformitarianism). Georges C ...
Genetic information as part of the “Great Chain of
Genetic information as part of the “Great Chain of

... discourse through time” that “has a vocabulary – the genes themselves – a grammar, the way in which the information is arranged, and a literature, the thousands of instructions needed to make a human being” (Jones 2000:XII).3 Here, the genes are not presented as agents but as parts of a “discourse t ...
W = 1
W = 1

... xT  10mm . At the end of the year, before the crabs mated and produced the next years offspring, the scientists measured the average shell thickness of the surviving crabs (those that were not killed by predators), estimating the mean shell thickness of these selected parents as xS  12mm . In a pr ...
Natural Selection and Adaptation
Natural Selection and Adaptation

... xT  10mm . At the end of the year, before the crabs mated and produced the next years offspring, the scientists measured the average shell thickness of the surviving crabs (those that were not killed by predators), estimating the mean shell thickness of these selected parents as xS  12mm . In a pr ...
Recent Statistical Approaches
Recent Statistical Approaches

... A microarray is a new technology which allows the measurement of the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. (1) sequencing of the genome (human, mouse, and others) (2) improvement in technology to generate high-density arrays on chips (glass slides or nylon membrane). ...
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The Selfish Gene

The Selfish Gene is a book on evolution by Richard Dawkins, published in 1976. It builds upon the principal theory of George C. Williams's first book Adaptation and Natural Selection. Dawkins used the term ""selfish gene"" as a way of expressing the gene-centred view of evolution as opposed to the views focused on the organism and the group, popularising ideas developed during the 1960s by W. D. Hamilton and others. From the gene-centred view follows that the more two individuals are genetically related, the more sense (at the level of the genes) it makes for them to behave selflessly with each other. This should not be confused with misuse of the term along the lines of a selfishness gene.An organism is expected to evolve to maximise its inclusive fitness—the number of copies of its genes passed on globally (rather than by a particular individual). As a result, populations will tend towards an evolutionarily stable strategy. The book also coins the term meme for a unit of human cultural evolution analogous to the gene, suggesting that such ""selfish"" replication may also model human culture, in a different sense. Memetics has become the subject of many studies since the publication of the book.In the foreword to the book's 30th-anniversary edition, Dawkins said he ""can readily see that [the book's title] might give an inadequate impression of its contents"" and in retrospect thinks he should have taken Tom Maschler's advice and called the book The Immortal Gene.
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