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WebGestalt 2017 Manual
WebGestalt 2017 Manual

... Ø In addition to Over-Representation Analysis (ORA), the new version now includes Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) for analyzing the ranked gene list and Network Topology-based Analysis (NTA) for analyzing the system-level dependencies and interactions among genes. Ø The new version increases the ...
Charles Darwin 1809-1882
Charles Darwin 1809-1882

... Inference 3. Natural selection, operating over the immensity of Geologic time, will produce evolutionary change, or DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION, to use Darwin’s expression. IN SUMMARY: According to the Darwinian Thesis, evolution proceeds by means of agents of natural selection, operating on heritabl ...
(natural selection).
(natural selection).

... 6. Individuals with characteristics that are not well suited to their environment die. Individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. Darwin called this process natural selection. ...
Trends and barriers to lateral gene transfer in prokaryotes
Trends and barriers to lateral gene transfer in prokaryotes

... However, the tree model applies only to the reconstruction of vertical inheritance where genetic material is transferred from ancestral species to their descendants. More realistic models of prokaryotic genome evolution have to embrace lateral gene transfer in addition to vertical inheritance (Figur ...
Selection and Biotechnology: the best of both worlds
Selection and Biotechnology: the best of both worlds

... heritability and the traits can be measured on all selection candidates (males and females). This is an ideal situation for quantitative selection methods because accurate EBV can be obtained on all animals. Recent results, however, show that even for traits that were thought to be extremely difficu ...
The role of duplications in the evolution of genomes highlights the
The role of duplications in the evolution of genomes highlights the

... These experiments show that entire sets of chromosomes can be lost, although the exact mechanisms involved remain unknown. Genomic re-patterning may also increase the genetic variability of newly formed polyploid populations. This variability can be beneficial for the generated polyploid lineage as ...
the causes of evolution
the causes of evolution

... AA, 4 Aa, 3 aa, thus with allele frequencies of p = q = 0.5. If all other assumptions of H-W hold (i.e. random mating, no differential reproductive success, etc.) then what will be the allele frequencies in the next generation? If you simulate this process with a coin toss (using a fair coin that ha ...
Exam 5 Q3 Review Sheet 3/28/11
Exam 5 Q3 Review Sheet 3/28/11

... 37. How is genetic diversity measured in a population? Why do humans have such a low genetic diversity do we hypothesize? 38. Explain how different organisms generate diversity, and be sure to explain why each uses the strategy that it does. 39. Explain how alleles not favored by the current environ ...
THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE GENE
THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE GENE

... – USING DATA FROM ERWIN CHARGAFF (EXPERIMENT THAT SHOWED # OF A’S AND T’S WAS ALWAYS EQUAL, AND # OF C’S AND G’S WAS ALWAYS EQUAL) – AS WELL AS DATA THAT SHOWED DNA STRANDS WERE ALWAYS THE SAME DISTANCE APART ...
Discussion of Poultry Genetics
Discussion of Poultry Genetics

... genes from this cross are: (S, s+), (S, s+), (s+,_), (s+,_). Here the dominant gene is written first and any  gene is written before the underscore.  In this example of the red male mated to the silver female, there are really only two unique gene  combinations since two of the four gene combinatio ...
(natural selection).
(natural selection).

... population of lizards that are all the same (have the same traits). Now imagine a strong storm sweeps some of the island lizards over to the mainland. On the mainland, there are new ecosystems for the island lizards to explore. In these new ecosystems, they meet new populations of lizards (with new ...
Strategies for the molecular genetic manipulation and visualization of the... Penicillium marneffei
Strategies for the molecular genetic manipulation and visualization of the... Penicillium marneffei

... 2008; Gardiner and Howlett 2004; Gill and Eisenberg 2001). To counter-select against hv-tk, strains are plated on medium containing 5 µM 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FDU)(Sigma). Southern blot hybridisation analysis should be used to confirm loss of the constructs containing the negative selectable markers ...
View PDF - Maxwell Science
View PDF - Maxwell Science

... in natural populations, variation in most characters takes the form of a continuous phenotypic range rather than discrete phenotypic classes. In other words, the variation is quantitative, not qualitative. Mendelian genetic analysis is extremely difficult to apply to such continuous phenotypic distr ...
History of Disease Gene Mapping
History of Disease Gene Mapping

... Later confirmed by Elston, Berg. This demonstrated existence of a disease gene in the vicinity of C3 (chrom. 19) Work by Joe Goldstein and Michael Brown (Nobel prize in 1985) identified disease as defect in LDL receptor; located on chromosome 19. Now drugs (statins) have been developed for lowering ...
A review of The Structure of Evolutionary Theory
A review of The Structure of Evolutionary Theory

... Evolutionary Theory. But I really did! And having done so, I also can’t believe that those reviewers who have enthusiastically endorsed this Brobdignagian tome actually suffered through the whole thing. It is nearly inedible, so if this review seems dyspeptic, it is for good reason: I could use some ...
5 - digbio
5 - digbio

... 1. Ying Xu, Victor Olman, and Dong Xu. Clustering Gene Expression Data Using a Graph-Theoretic Approach: An Application of Minimum Spanning ...
variation in the strength and softness of selection on
variation in the strength and softness of selection on

... Even if phenotypic effects are important, there is no debate that competition and resource limitation are critical for soft selection (Wallace 1968, 1975). If an individual must compete with others in its deme for a limited resource, then the fitness of that individual is expected to depend on its g ...
How Does DNA Determine the Traits of an Organism
How Does DNA Determine the Traits of an Organism

... How Does DNA Determine the Traits of an Organism? Introduction: In this simulation, you will examine the DNA sequence of a fictitious organism the Snork. Snorks were discovered on the planet Dee Enae in a distant solar system. Snorks only have one chromosome with eight genes on it. Your job is to an ...
Natural selection power point
Natural selection power point

... have to be perfect—just good enough to enable an organism to pass its genes to the next generation. If local environmental conditions change, some traits that were once adaptive may no longer be useful, and different traits may become ...
Lesson Plan
Lesson Plan

... produce more offspring than can survive, and a finite supply of environmental resources result in differential reproductive success. 7E(R): SWBAT analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selection to adaptation, and to the development of diversity in and among species. 7A Analyze and evaluat ...
Chapter 3: Hierarchy Theory as the Formal Basis of Evolutionary
Chapter 3: Hierarchy Theory as the Formal Basis of Evolutionary

... a particular part of a series involves the inheritance of at least one taxic homology unique to it alone. Wagner repeatedly cites an excellent example of individualisation of members of a series, namely the thorax of insects (Wagner, 1986: 151; 1989a: 1162; 1989b: 63). He says that the thorax most p ...
1. The PERL script to
1. The PERL script to

... Introduction Microarray results were analysed for pathway information in the KEGG database using gene names of genes on the microarray. Genes may be known with different names. Therefore, the Gene Ontology database was searched before the KEGG database to collect all possible synonyms of gene names. ...
Evolution 2 -- Natural Selection
Evolution 2 -- Natural Selection

... including yours (in the reverse order), treat the topic of evolution by outlining the “evidence” and then describing Darwinian natural selection in just exactly the way that Darwin himself described it in 1859, and as we will do here. Some authors then seem to hedge a little – to suggest that there ...
Natural selection
Natural selection

... a tautology, or something that is true by definition, and thus of no meaning or value. - the typical argument goes like this: - one can ask the question: What is evolution by natural selection? - a common answer would be: natural selection is the “survival of the fittest”! - OK, its the survival of ...
Lab 11 Microevolution Lab
Lab 11 Microevolution Lab

... Evolution, Genetic Drift, & Natural Selection Evolutionary change is defined as alterations in the distribution of heritable traits. As you know, heritable traits are traits that are determined by genes, and therefore can be passed on from generation to generation. Microevolution specifically refers ...
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The Selfish Gene

The Selfish Gene is a book on evolution by Richard Dawkins, published in 1976. It builds upon the principal theory of George C. Williams's first book Adaptation and Natural Selection. Dawkins used the term ""selfish gene"" as a way of expressing the gene-centred view of evolution as opposed to the views focused on the organism and the group, popularising ideas developed during the 1960s by W. D. Hamilton and others. From the gene-centred view follows that the more two individuals are genetically related, the more sense (at the level of the genes) it makes for them to behave selflessly with each other. This should not be confused with misuse of the term along the lines of a selfishness gene.An organism is expected to evolve to maximise its inclusive fitness—the number of copies of its genes passed on globally (rather than by a particular individual). As a result, populations will tend towards an evolutionarily stable strategy. The book also coins the term meme for a unit of human cultural evolution analogous to the gene, suggesting that such ""selfish"" replication may also model human culture, in a different sense. Memetics has become the subject of many studies since the publication of the book.In the foreword to the book's 30th-anniversary edition, Dawkins said he ""can readily see that [the book's title] might give an inadequate impression of its contents"" and in retrospect thinks he should have taken Tom Maschler's advice and called the book The Immortal Gene.
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