tectonics assessment - Lehigh`s Environmental Initiative
... A. California is located on a continental plate, but Pennsylvania is not B. The rock under California is soft, but the rock under Pennsylvania is hard C. California is located on the boundary of two tectonic plates, but Pennsylvania is not D. The rock found in California is igneous, but the rock fou ...
... A. California is located on a continental plate, but Pennsylvania is not B. The rock under California is soft, but the rock under Pennsylvania is hard C. California is located on the boundary of two tectonic plates, but Pennsylvania is not D. The rock found in California is igneous, but the rock fou ...
File
... 7. Notice that small bits of cookies are pressing together. This models that the land is under stress where plates pass beside each other. 8. Draw and label your model below. Include these labels: stress (where earthquakes would be taking place) and continental plates. Use arrows to show the directi ...
... 7. Notice that small bits of cookies are pressing together. This models that the land is under stress where plates pass beside each other. 8. Draw and label your model below. Include these labels: stress (where earthquakes would be taking place) and continental plates. Use arrows to show the directi ...
Powerpoint Presentation Physical Geology, 10/e
... – Turkey is pushed westward along the North Anatolian fault, which runs for 1,400 km along the Black Sea – Since 1939, the North Anatolian fault has ruptured in 11 earthquakes, from east end of fault to west ...
... – Turkey is pushed westward along the North Anatolian fault, which runs for 1,400 km along the Black Sea – Since 1939, the North Anatolian fault has ruptured in 11 earthquakes, from east end of fault to west ...
10. Continents: structure and history 10.1. Structure of continents
... The continental lithosphere is light and cannot be subducted. On the contrary, rocks of the oceanic crust are constantly being recycled in the mantle. Hence, the rocks beneath the ocean floor are less than 200 million years old whereas those of the continental crust can be billions of years old. But ...
... The continental lithosphere is light and cannot be subducted. On the contrary, rocks of the oceanic crust are constantly being recycled in the mantle. Hence, the rocks beneath the ocean floor are less than 200 million years old whereas those of the continental crust can be billions of years old. But ...
Ocean
... • 50 times more carbon than in the atmosphere, presently absorbing about 30% of human emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2); • ocean changes may result in climate feedbacks that either increase or reduce the rate of climate change; • large inertia of the oceans means can provide a clearer signal of long ...
... • 50 times more carbon than in the atmosphere, presently absorbing about 30% of human emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2); • ocean changes may result in climate feedbacks that either increase or reduce the rate of climate change; • large inertia of the oceans means can provide a clearer signal of long ...
Seafloor spreading and plate tectonics are major concepts in geology
... another plate. Plates are moving toward each other at this, the second type of plate boundary, known as a converging boundary. Geothermal heat and friction increase the temperature of the down-going plate and create magma, which erupts at the surface as a chain of andesitic volcanic islands or andes ...
... another plate. Plates are moving toward each other at this, the second type of plate boundary, known as a converging boundary. Geothermal heat and friction increase the temperature of the down-going plate and create magma, which erupts at the surface as a chain of andesitic volcanic islands or andes ...
Oceanography
... When oceanic crust collides with another plate it subducts, thus losing old crust Outline the types of evidence used to date ocean floors Relative dating of ocean floors indicates that the further from the ridge, the older the rocks Fossils can be taken from sediment and dated using radiometri ...
... When oceanic crust collides with another plate it subducts, thus losing old crust Outline the types of evidence used to date ocean floors Relative dating of ocean floors indicates that the further from the ridge, the older the rocks Fossils can be taken from sediment and dated using radiometri ...
The Earth`s layers
... The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates. The plates "float" on the soft, plastic mantle which is located below the crust. These plates usually move along smoothly but sometimes they stick and build up pressure. The pressure builds and the rock bends until it snaps. When this ...
... The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates. The plates "float" on the soft, plastic mantle which is located below the crust. These plates usually move along smoothly but sometimes they stick and build up pressure. The pressure builds and the rock bends until it snaps. When this ...
Plate Boundaries
... Convergent Boundaries • A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other • Collisions can occur between: – oceanic crust and oceanic crust – oceanic crust and continental crust – continental crust and continental crust ...
... Convergent Boundaries • A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other • Collisions can occur between: – oceanic crust and oceanic crust – oceanic crust and continental crust – continental crust and continental crust ...
chapter7 - Everglades High School
... How concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide vary with depth. Oxygen is abundant near the surface because of the photosynthetic activity of marine plants. Oxygen concentration decreases below the sunlit layer because of the respiration of marine animals and bacteria, and because of the oxygen con ...
... How concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide vary with depth. Oxygen is abundant near the surface because of the photosynthetic activity of marine plants. Oxygen concentration decreases below the sunlit layer because of the respiration of marine animals and bacteria, and because of the oxygen con ...
EuroSITES European network of deep ocean
... offer more flexibility and a higher level of depth resolution. However, moorings currently offer one of the best approaches to provide long-term time-series from less accessible areas of the open ocean (e.g. RAPID, EuroSITES and OceanSITES moorings). In contrast to gliders and profiling floats they ...
... offer more flexibility and a higher level of depth resolution. However, moorings currently offer one of the best approaches to provide long-term time-series from less accessible areas of the open ocean (e.g. RAPID, EuroSITES and OceanSITES moorings). In contrast to gliders and profiling floats they ...
Chapter 20 – Mountain Building
... • This will cause less mass to be forced on the mantle. • What will happen to the crust? ...
... • This will cause less mass to be forced on the mantle. • What will happen to the crust? ...
Station - Scioly.org
... 1. The map below shows the location of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Which statement best describes what is occurring at this location? A. Two oceanic plates are converging, forming a transform fault. B. Two oceanic plates are subducting, forming a deep ocean rift valley. C. New oceanic crust is being for ...
... 1. The map below shows the location of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Which statement best describes what is occurring at this location? A. Two oceanic plates are converging, forming a transform fault. B. Two oceanic plates are subducting, forming a deep ocean rift valley. C. New oceanic crust is being for ...
101_MT2_V2_S08
... 2) _____________________________ is a term used to refer to magmas or rocks that are high in silica and low in iron and magnesium. 3) _____________________________ is a continental edge that does not correspond with a plate boundary. 4) _____________________________ is a process in which one oceanic ...
... 2) _____________________________ is a term used to refer to magmas or rocks that are high in silica and low in iron and magnesium. 3) _____________________________ is a continental edge that does not correspond with a plate boundary. 4) _____________________________ is a process in which one oceanic ...
Introduction to Oceanography 112
... (motion against gravity) driven by differences in temperature where hot material lies below cooler material. This condition exists inside the Earth where it tends to be hotter at greater depths. Circle statements that are true about our current understanding of mantle convection and the diagram cite ...
... (motion against gravity) driven by differences in temperature where hot material lies below cooler material. This condition exists inside the Earth where it tends to be hotter at greater depths. Circle statements that are true about our current understanding of mantle convection and the diagram cite ...
CHAPTER 2
... Coverage of plate tectonics is required early in introductory Geology as context for the mineralogy, petrology, structure, internal processes, and Earth history that follow. Some instructors prefer a detailed treatment early, while others like a brief discussion in the first or second lecture follow ...
... Coverage of plate tectonics is required early in introductory Geology as context for the mineralogy, petrology, structure, internal processes, and Earth history that follow. Some instructors prefer a detailed treatment early, while others like a brief discussion in the first or second lecture follow ...
- GPlates
... slab features suggest otherwise - assuming average sinking velocities of 3 and 1.2 cm/yr for the upper and lower mantle, respectively, can be applied to this region. ...
... slab features suggest otherwise - assuming average sinking velocities of 3 and 1.2 cm/yr for the upper and lower mantle, respectively, can be applied to this region. ...
Earth`s Movement - Book Units Teacher
... paper. On the wax paper spread a spoonful of icing about a half of a centimeter thick. The icing represents the magma that is under the Earth’s crust. Next you will be given two squares of fruit rollups. Place the two squares of fruit rollup onto the frosting right next to each other. These represen ...
... paper. On the wax paper spread a spoonful of icing about a half of a centimeter thick. The icing represents the magma that is under the Earth’s crust. Next you will be given two squares of fruit rollups. Place the two squares of fruit rollup onto the frosting right next to each other. These represen ...
Review for Exam 32 & 33
... the rigid asthenosphere The plates move in conveyor-belt fashion as new crust is generated at the continental margins and destroyed at the mid-ocean ridge The lithosphere is broken up into large palates that move as the result of convection within the asthenosphere Earthquakes & volcanic activity re ...
... the rigid asthenosphere The plates move in conveyor-belt fashion as new crust is generated at the continental margins and destroyed at the mid-ocean ridge The lithosphere is broken up into large palates that move as the result of convection within the asthenosphere Earthquakes & volcanic activity re ...
Earth System Chapter 17 PowerPoint
... – The magnetic data collected from the ocean floor matched the pattern of magnetic reversals that had been found in basalt flows on land. – From this match, scientists were able to determine the age of the ocean floor from a magnetic recording and quickly create isochron maps of the ocean floor. – A ...
... – The magnetic data collected from the ocean floor matched the pattern of magnetic reversals that had been found in basalt flows on land. – From this match, scientists were able to determine the age of the ocean floor from a magnetic recording and quickly create isochron maps of the ocean floor. – A ...
Unit 4 Notes
... -as tectonic plates move against each other, they build up a lot of pressure and this stress can cause rocks to bend and fold -Sometimes the stress builds to the point that the rocks break or slip. The sudden release of energy creates waves that can travel far from the break, move the ground, and ca ...
... -as tectonic plates move against each other, they build up a lot of pressure and this stress can cause rocks to bend and fold -Sometimes the stress builds to the point that the rocks break or slip. The sudden release of energy creates waves that can travel far from the break, move the ground, and ca ...
Influence of currents on the production of tropical seas
... region of the convergence, their supply of salts and minerals ia low. However, because of the time lag between the biological cycles of the different constituents of the pelagic fauna, there is a succession of zooplankton types, progressively higher in the food web, as one moves away from the diverg ...
... region of the convergence, their supply of salts and minerals ia low. However, because of the time lag between the biological cycles of the different constituents of the pelagic fauna, there is a succession of zooplankton types, progressively higher in the food web, as one moves away from the diverg ...
Continental breakup and the onset of ultraslow seafloor spreading
... is more important is that evidence for a major ridge jump is equivocal. Nearly all faults in oceanic crust between km 241 and km 280 dip to the east. The lack of a comparable zone of west-dipping faults in the seaward section indicates either that there is no abandoned spreading center, or that spre ...
... is more important is that evidence for a major ridge jump is equivocal. Nearly all faults in oceanic crust between km 241 and km 280 dip to the east. The lack of a comparable zone of west-dipping faults in the seaward section indicates either that there is no abandoned spreading center, or that spre ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.