APES Lesson 76 (5th Ed) - The Oceans - science-b
... • Colder, saltier water is denser and sinks. Water temperatures vary with latitude, and temperature variation is greater than surface layers. • Surface currents move horizontally through the oceans, driven by wind and other factors. • Vertical water movement includes upwelling and down welling, whic ...
... • Colder, saltier water is denser and sinks. Water temperatures vary with latitude, and temperature variation is greater than surface layers. • Surface currents move horizontally through the oceans, driven by wind and other factors. • Vertical water movement includes upwelling and down welling, whic ...
earth layers and plates 2016
... slowly (like hot asphalt) • Mesosphere- middle layer • Outer Core- liquid layer • Inner Core- solid, very dense ...
... slowly (like hot asphalt) • Mesosphere- middle layer • Outer Core- liquid layer • Inner Core- solid, very dense ...
High pore pressures and porosity at 35 km depth in the Cascadia
... crystalline rocks with fluid-filled porosity of 2.7%–4.0%, with the fluid under near lithostatic pressure (Pdiff = 0–5MPa) (Fig. 3C). The estimated porosity based on observed Vp/Vs is consistent with Hyndman’s (1988) estimate of 1%–4% porosity based on the electrical conductivity and impedance contr ...
... crystalline rocks with fluid-filled porosity of 2.7%–4.0%, with the fluid under near lithostatic pressure (Pdiff = 0–5MPa) (Fig. 3C). The estimated porosity based on observed Vp/Vs is consistent with Hyndman’s (1988) estimate of 1%–4% porosity based on the electrical conductivity and impedance contr ...
Volcanoes and Igneous Activity Earth - Chapter 4
... ocean crust • In 1963 Vine and Matthews tied the discovery of magnetic stripes in the ocean crust near ridges to Hess’s concept of seafloor spreading ...
... ocean crust • In 1963 Vine and Matthews tied the discovery of magnetic stripes in the ocean crust near ridges to Hess’s concept of seafloor spreading ...
Ocean Foldable
... __________ is the most plentiful compound in the ocean. 3. What is salinity? 4. What makes the ocean salty? 5. What is the relationship between salinity & density? 6. What increases the salinity? 7. What decreases the salinity? 8. Why does the overall salinity of the ocean remain constant? Tab 3 – ...
... __________ is the most plentiful compound in the ocean. 3. What is salinity? 4. What makes the ocean salty? 5. What is the relationship between salinity & density? 6. What increases the salinity? 7. What decreases the salinity? 8. Why does the overall salinity of the ocean remain constant? Tab 3 – ...
Warm Ups 2-1 to 2-15
... At the mid ocean ridge magma comes up from the mantle, cools, hardens and becomes new crust. At the divergent boundary, the new crust spreads out and pushes the old rock to the sides in a continuous process. When older oceanic crust reaches a continental crust the more dense oceanic plate is subduct ...
... At the mid ocean ridge magma comes up from the mantle, cools, hardens and becomes new crust. At the divergent boundary, the new crust spreads out and pushes the old rock to the sides in a continuous process. When older oceanic crust reaches a continental crust the more dense oceanic plate is subduct ...
so, where would you predict the highest primary productivity?
... moderate to high biomass (especially where/when coastal upwelling occurs) Continental ...
... moderate to high biomass (especially where/when coastal upwelling occurs) Continental ...
continental drift - East Hanover Township School District
... and his theory was not well accepted. (He died on an expedition in Greenland collecting ice samples) ...
... and his theory was not well accepted. (He died on an expedition in Greenland collecting ice samples) ...
Divergent plate boundaries are locations where plates are moving
... This partial melting produces magma chambers above the subducting oceanic plate. These magma chambers are less dense than the surrounding mantle materials and are buoyant. The buoyant magma chambers begin a slow asscent through the overlying materials, melting and fracturing their way upwards. The ...
... This partial melting produces magma chambers above the subducting oceanic plate. These magma chambers are less dense than the surrounding mantle materials and are buoyant. The buoyant magma chambers begin a slow asscent through the overlying materials, melting and fracturing their way upwards. The ...
Seafloor Spreading
... • One of the leading hypotheses proposes that large-scale motion in the mantle is the mechanism that drives the movement of tectonic plates. ...
... • One of the leading hypotheses proposes that large-scale motion in the mantle is the mechanism that drives the movement of tectonic plates. ...
tectonic plates - Revision World
... When two oceanic plate meet each other (oceanic-oceanic) this often results in the formation of an island arc system. As the subducting oceanic crust melts, as it goes deeper into the Earth, the newly-created magma rises to the surface and forms volcanoes. If the activity continues, the volcano may ...
... When two oceanic plate meet each other (oceanic-oceanic) this often results in the formation of an island arc system. As the subducting oceanic crust melts, as it goes deeper into the Earth, the newly-created magma rises to the surface and forms volcanoes. If the activity continues, the volcano may ...
CHAPTER 2 Plate Tect..
... 18. Discuss the major forces that move lithosphere plates. ANS: Plates are pushed by mid-ocean ridges as elevated lithosphere directly over a ridge pushes downward on less-elevated lithosphere to either side. Plates are pulled by descending slabs at subduction zones, because old oceanic lithosphere ...
... 18. Discuss the major forces that move lithosphere plates. ANS: Plates are pushed by mid-ocean ridges as elevated lithosphere directly over a ridge pushes downward on less-elevated lithosphere to either side. Plates are pulled by descending slabs at subduction zones, because old oceanic lithosphere ...
ANSWER KEY Lesson One: Layers of the Earth Vocabulary Station
... 1. Cut an apple in half vertically. Cut each half again vertically so that there are four pieces. Cut each quarter so that each group member has an apple slice. 2. Examine the apple. The skin of the apple represents the crust of the Earth. Just like the skin of the apple, the Earth’s crust is very t ...
... 1. Cut an apple in half vertically. Cut each half again vertically so that there are four pieces. Cut each quarter so that each group member has an apple slice. 2. Examine the apple. The skin of the apple represents the crust of the Earth. Just like the skin of the apple, the Earth’s crust is very t ...
Sea-Floor Spreading and Plate Tectonics 5-4 Sea
... Describe the process of sea-floor spreading Explain the three types of evidence for sea-floor spreading Explain the process of subduction at deep-ocean trenches Explain how rocks on the ocean floor can be much younger than ...
... Describe the process of sea-floor spreading Explain the three types of evidence for sea-floor spreading Explain the process of subduction at deep-ocean trenches Explain how rocks on the ocean floor can be much younger than ...
Sea Floor Spreading powerpoint
... sound waves. The time it takes for the echo to arrive indicates the distance to the object. ...
... sound waves. The time it takes for the echo to arrive indicates the distance to the object. ...
Sea-Floor Spreading - Moore Middle School PTSA
... sound waves. The time it takes for the echo to arrive indicates the distance to the object. ...
... sound waves. The time it takes for the echo to arrive indicates the distance to the object. ...
Ocean Currents (10.3) PPT
... the flow and speed of currents. Currents form small or large loops and move at different speeds, depending on the land masses they contact. ...
... the flow and speed of currents. Currents form small or large loops and move at different speeds, depending on the land masses they contact. ...
Structure of the Earth: the story of the waves
... and consists of continental crust (mainly of granitic and sedimentary rocks) and oceanic crust (mainly of basaltic rocks). Oceanic crust has an average thickness of 6 km whereas continental crust has an average thickness of around 35 km. It can not easily be seen on the graph due its small scale. ...
... and consists of continental crust (mainly of granitic and sedimentary rocks) and oceanic crust (mainly of basaltic rocks). Oceanic crust has an average thickness of 6 km whereas continental crust has an average thickness of around 35 km. It can not easily be seen on the graph due its small scale. ...
Structure of the Earth: the story of the waves
... and consists of continental crust (mainly of granitic and sedimentary rocks) and oceanic crust (mainly of basaltic rocks). Oceanic crust has an average thickness of 6 km whereas continental crust has an average thickness of around 35 km. It can not easily be seen on the graph due its small scale. ...
... and consists of continental crust (mainly of granitic and sedimentary rocks) and oceanic crust (mainly of basaltic rocks). Oceanic crust has an average thickness of 6 km whereas continental crust has an average thickness of around 35 km. It can not easily be seen on the graph due its small scale. ...
Structure of the Earth: the story of the waves
... and consists of continental crust (mainly of granitic and sedimentary rocks) and oceanic crust (mainly of basaltic rocks). Oceanic crust has an average thickness of 6 km whereas continental crust has an average thickness of around 35 km. It can not easily be seen on the graph due its small scale. ...
... and consists of continental crust (mainly of granitic and sedimentary rocks) and oceanic crust (mainly of basaltic rocks). Oceanic crust has an average thickness of 6 km whereas continental crust has an average thickness of around 35 km. It can not easily be seen on the graph due its small scale. ...
Lecture 25
... ) Some along-arc as well Antilles → more alkaline N → S Aleutians is segmented with C-A prevalent in segments and tholeiite prevalent at ends ...
... ) Some along-arc as well Antilles → more alkaline N → S Aleutians is segmented with C-A prevalent in segments and tholeiite prevalent at ends ...
45 Understanding Plate Boundaries
... volcanoes are located around the edges of the Pacific Ocean, and are often referred to as the “Ring of Fire.” You may notice that both volcanoes and earthquakes tend to be concentrated in particular areas. The theory of plate tectonics helps explain this pattern. How does the theory of plate tectoni ...
... volcanoes are located around the edges of the Pacific Ocean, and are often referred to as the “Ring of Fire.” You may notice that both volcanoes and earthquakes tend to be concentrated in particular areas. The theory of plate tectonics helps explain this pattern. How does the theory of plate tectoni ...
Manea et al. 2004 - University of Alberta
... the seismogenic coupled and transition, partially coupled segments of the subduction interplate fault. The width of the coupled fault inferred from the continuous GPS observations for the steady interseismic period and the transient width of the last slow aseismic slip event (M w ∼ 7.5) that occurre ...
... the seismogenic coupled and transition, partially coupled segments of the subduction interplate fault. The width of the coupled fault inferred from the continuous GPS observations for the steady interseismic period and the transient width of the last slow aseismic slip event (M w ∼ 7.5) that occurre ...
The Oceanic Lithosphere
... operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) provide highresolution images to study in detail volcanic and tectonic processes at the ridge axis. Global bathymetric information is now also available from combined global shipboard bathymetry and satellite-derived sea surface grav ...
... operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) provide highresolution images to study in detail volcanic and tectonic processes at the ridge axis. Global bathymetric information is now also available from combined global shipboard bathymetry and satellite-derived sea surface grav ...
Part A - Parkway C-2
... 22. The magma produced at seafloor spreading ridges derives from___________________________ of the ultramafic asthenosphere. 23. The release of water from a down going slab of subducted lithosphere is referred to as __________________________ of the lithosphere. 24. The characteristic composition of ...
... 22. The magma produced at seafloor spreading ridges derives from___________________________ of the ultramafic asthenosphere. 23. The release of water from a down going slab of subducted lithosphere is referred to as __________________________ of the lithosphere. 24. The characteristic composition of ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.