![Active rifting and crustal thinning along the Rivera](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/007880036_1-9518e92e0466aa4e7ebf858d51541c7a-300x300.png)
Active rifting and crustal thinning along the Rivera
... may be propagating towards the East Pacific Rise. Specifically: (1) A prominent decrease in the MBA values occurs in the area of the El Gordo graben, the maximum decrease being centered over the El Gordo volcanic complex, located in the center of the graben. This decrease is modeled as being the res ...
... may be propagating towards the East Pacific Rise. Specifically: (1) A prominent decrease in the MBA values occurs in the area of the El Gordo graben, the maximum decrease being centered over the El Gordo volcanic complex, located in the center of the graben. This decrease is modeled as being the res ...
Toward the reconciliation of seismological and petrological
... minor components of the mantle upwelling can have a profound effect on melting. The major zone where partial melt will be present comes from depressurization melting below the vicinity of the ridge crest in a zone that approximately scales with spreading rate. Infusion of minor melt components into ...
... minor components of the mantle upwelling can have a profound effect on melting. The major zone where partial melt will be present comes from depressurization melting below the vicinity of the ridge crest in a zone that approximately scales with spreading rate. Infusion of minor melt components into ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... and Wu, 2002). However, models of depth-distribution of mantle viscosity are strongly dependent on the assumed lithospheric structure, which typically ...
... and Wu, 2002). However, models of depth-distribution of mantle viscosity are strongly dependent on the assumed lithospheric structure, which typically ...
here - W. Steven Holbrook
... hampered by our limited knowledge of the composition and structure of island arcs, which have been proposed as a principal site of crustal genesis at least throughout the Phanerozoic, and perhaps longer. Two decades ago, Taylor and McLennan (McLennan and Taylor, 1982; Taylor, 1977; Taylor and McLenn ...
... hampered by our limited knowledge of the composition and structure of island arcs, which have been proposed as a principal site of crustal genesis at least throughout the Phanerozoic, and perhaps longer. Two decades ago, Taylor and McLennan (McLennan and Taylor, 1982; Taylor, 1977; Taylor and McLenn ...
Trace metal composition of suspended particulate matter in
... thickness is due to variability in physical processes, especially mixing associated with cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies (Oğuz et al., 2001a,b; Oğuz, 2002). In the southwest corner of the Black Sea the suboxic zone can be absent due to intrusions from the Bosporus Plume (Konovalov et al., 2003). B ...
... thickness is due to variability in physical processes, especially mixing associated with cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies (Oğuz et al., 2001a,b; Oğuz, 2002). In the southwest corner of the Black Sea the suboxic zone can be absent due to intrusions from the Bosporus Plume (Konovalov et al., 2003). B ...
Dynamic effects of aseismic ridge subduction: numerical modelling
... addition of positive buoyancy may strongly affect overall slab dynamics. Therefore, subducting ridges may serve as indicators of transient slab states in nature. Another important result from our study is the numerical quantification of strongly decreased magma production associated with flat slabs ...
... addition of positive buoyancy may strongly affect overall slab dynamics. Therefore, subducting ridges may serve as indicators of transient slab states in nature. Another important result from our study is the numerical quantification of strongly decreased magma production associated with flat slabs ...
Serpentinite and the dawn of life Research Norman H. Sleep
... was most favourable before Earth’s massive CO2 atmosphere was subducted into the mantle, which occurred tens to approximately 100 Myr after the moon-forming impact; thermophile to clement conditions persisted for several million years while atmospheric pCO2 dropped from approximately 25 bar to below ...
... was most favourable before Earth’s massive CO2 atmosphere was subducted into the mantle, which occurred tens to approximately 100 Myr after the moon-forming impact; thermophile to clement conditions persisted for several million years while atmospheric pCO2 dropped from approximately 25 bar to below ...
long-term seafloor electromagnetic observation in the northwest
... across the CMB due to the very high electrical conductivity (~105 S/m) of the Earth’s outer core. On the other hand, those of the vertical component are definitely continuous across the CMB, conveying the information relevant to flows in the outer core all the way to the surface through the mantle. ...
... across the CMB due to the very high electrical conductivity (~105 S/m) of the Earth’s outer core. On the other hand, those of the vertical component are definitely continuous across the CMB, conveying the information relevant to flows in the outer core all the way to the surface through the mantle. ...
Subduction zone evolution and deep slab structure
... The evolution of the Mediterranean subduction zones and their deep slab structure started during the Late Cretaceous and is a result of the relative movement of the African and European plate including the independent motion of five microplates (Adria, Iberia, Alcapia, and Tiszia), which caused subd ...
... The evolution of the Mediterranean subduction zones and their deep slab structure started during the Late Cretaceous and is a result of the relative movement of the African and European plate including the independent motion of five microplates (Adria, Iberia, Alcapia, and Tiszia), which caused subd ...
Post-glacial flooding of the Beringia Land Bridge dated to 11,000 cal
... Arctic oceans following the last glaciation has been difficult to establish. Published estimates based on minimum and maximum age constraints for the flooding event, place the opening somewhere between about 10,200 and 13,100 cal yrs BP (Dyke and Savelle, 2001; Elias et al., 1996; Elias et al., 1992 ...
... Arctic oceans following the last glaciation has been difficult to establish. Published estimates based on minimum and maximum age constraints for the flooding event, place the opening somewhere between about 10,200 and 13,100 cal yrs BP (Dyke and Savelle, 2001; Elias et al., 1996; Elias et al., 1992 ...
Driving mechanism and 3-D circulation of plate tectonics
... subduction-free Atlantic widens by slow mid-ocean spreading. These and other firstorder features of global tectonics cannot be explained by conventional models. The behavior of arcs and the common presence of forearc basins on the uncrumpled thin leading edges of advancing arcs and continents are am ...
... subduction-free Atlantic widens by slow mid-ocean spreading. These and other firstorder features of global tectonics cannot be explained by conventional models. The behavior of arcs and the common presence of forearc basins on the uncrumpled thin leading edges of advancing arcs and continents are am ...
Great Pacific Garbage Patch
... plastic in the gyre in the most rigorous study to date. Researchers were also looking at the impact of plastic on mesopelagic fish, such as lanternfish.[33][34][35] This group utilized a fully capable dedicated oceanographic research vessel, the 170 ft (52 m) long New Horizon .[36] In 2012 Miriam C. ...
... plastic in the gyre in the most rigorous study to date. Researchers were also looking at the impact of plastic on mesopelagic fish, such as lanternfish.[33][34][35] This group utilized a fully capable dedicated oceanographic research vessel, the 170 ft (52 m) long New Horizon .[36] In 2012 Miriam C. ...
Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS): Years 16-20
... BABIN, S.M., J.A. CARTON, T.D. DICKEY, and J.D. WIGGERT. 2004. Satellite evidence of hurricane-induced phytoplankton blooms in an oceanic desert. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans 109. Art. No. C03043 ...
... BABIN, S.M., J.A. CARTON, T.D. DICKEY, and J.D. WIGGERT. 2004. Satellite evidence of hurricane-induced phytoplankton blooms in an oceanic desert. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans 109. Art. No. C03043 ...
Here are the study questions for the Exam 3. There are
... (d) the mesopelagic zone. (e) none of these Answer: b [p. 278] 7. Which of the following statements best characterizes natural selection? (a) Natural selection is the mechanism by which predetermined adaptations are passed to offspring from parents. (b) Natural selection is the differential survivor ...
... (d) the mesopelagic zone. (e) none of these Answer: b [p. 278] 7. Which of the following statements best characterizes natural selection? (a) Natural selection is the mechanism by which predetermined adaptations are passed to offspring from parents. (b) Natural selection is the differential survivor ...
Deep-Sea Life
... conditions the habitat complex is found in. Searches based on these results calculated likelihood values across the rest of the map at both fine and broad scale. Areas to validate on the cruise were chosen mainly based on where both models agreed, where the models disagreed, and areas where absences ...
... conditions the habitat complex is found in. Searches based on these results calculated likelihood values across the rest of the map at both fine and broad scale. Areas to validate on the cruise were chosen mainly based on where both models agreed, where the models disagreed, and areas where absences ...
0622932 COVER SHEET FOR PROPOSAL TO THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION NSF 02-011
... intraplate volcanism. I want continue to use observational geophysical techniques to constrain the physical parameters of the dynamics of the upper mantle such as the isotropic and anisotropic seismic velocity structure, and relative density structure. Oceans cover ~70% of the earth’s surface, yet s ...
... intraplate volcanism. I want continue to use observational geophysical techniques to constrain the physical parameters of the dynamics of the upper mantle such as the isotropic and anisotropic seismic velocity structure, and relative density structure. Oceans cover ~70% of the earth’s surface, yet s ...
Physically Based Terrain Generation
... planets to evolve into their current shape are described by plate tectonics. The theory of plate tectonics states that Earth's surface is divided into relatively few rigid areas called plates that move depending on and affecting the movement of all other plates [9, p. 103]. Erosion is a process that ...
... planets to evolve into their current shape are described by plate tectonics. The theory of plate tectonics states that Earth's surface is divided into relatively few rigid areas called plates that move depending on and affecting the movement of all other plates [9, p. 103]. Erosion is a process that ...
Constraints on asthenospheric flow from the depths of oceanic
... could explain some observed variations in the depth-age and geoid-age relations. However, there are reasonable alternative explanations to account for variations in the oceanic depth-age and geoidage relations. Small-scale convection [e.g., Richter and Parsons, 1975; Haxby and Weissel, 1986; Buck an ...
... could explain some observed variations in the depth-age and geoid-age relations. However, there are reasonable alternative explanations to account for variations in the oceanic depth-age and geoidage relations. Small-scale convection [e.g., Richter and Parsons, 1975; Haxby and Weissel, 1986; Buck an ...
Mechanisms for the formation of ridge-axis topography at
... ridge-axis magmatic and tectonic processes. This paper describes the results of a detailed analysis of the seafloor topography of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near the Atlantis transform, where marine gravity data provide independent, although non-unique, constraints on subseafloor density structure. Usin ...
... ridge-axis magmatic and tectonic processes. This paper describes the results of a detailed analysis of the seafloor topography of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near the Atlantis transform, where marine gravity data provide independent, although non-unique, constraints on subseafloor density structure. Usin ...
Nature template
... The number of events included in the final image (Fig. 2) for each station are as follows: LMN (29), HRV (123), PAL (33), LBNH (50), BINY - north (14), BINY south (20), SSPA (83). At stations LMN and PAL, only data from back-azimuths of 195-300 and 170-200, respectively, are included to avoid hi ...
... The number of events included in the final image (Fig. 2) for each station are as follows: LMN (29), HRV (123), PAL (33), LBNH (50), BINY - north (14), BINY south (20), SSPA (83). At stations LMN and PAL, only data from back-azimuths of 195-300 and 170-200, respectively, are included to avoid hi ...
Tectonics and sedimentation interactions in the - Archimer
... better understand the close dynamic interactions between the sand-rich Orinoco turbidite system and the compressional structures of the Barbados prism. These interactions have been active since Eocene time as illustrated by the study of outcrops onshore Barbados Island. Because of strong morphologic ...
... better understand the close dynamic interactions between the sand-rich Orinoco turbidite system and the compressional structures of the Barbados prism. These interactions have been active since Eocene time as illustrated by the study of outcrops onshore Barbados Island. Because of strong morphologic ...
Platinum-group elements (PGE) and rhenium in marine sediments
... environment was investigated by means of marine sediments at and across the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary (KTB) at two hemipelagic sites in Europe and two pelagic sites in the North and South Pacific. A traverse across the KTB in the South Pacific pelagic clay core found elevated levels of Re, Pt, Ir ...
... environment was investigated by means of marine sediments at and across the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary (KTB) at two hemipelagic sites in Europe and two pelagic sites in the North and South Pacific. A traverse across the KTB in the South Pacific pelagic clay core found elevated levels of Re, Pt, Ir ...
Dynamic topography above retreating subduction zones
... them. By combining a simple theoretical (Stokeslet) model of subduction, gravity modeling, and seismic tomography, I show that a significant fraction (as much as 2000 m) of the topographic variations observed above the Scotia, Mariana, and Hellenic subduction systems appears to be dynamically induce ...
... them. By combining a simple theoretical (Stokeslet) model of subduction, gravity modeling, and seismic tomography, I show that a significant fraction (as much as 2000 m) of the topographic variations observed above the Scotia, Mariana, and Hellenic subduction systems appears to be dynamically induce ...
5. Alluvial Fan Hazard zard
... creeks draining the hill catchments. They extend across some areas of high density residential land use, including much of Mosgiel (Figure 5.3). Despite being identified as ‘active’ (Opus, 2009) there is little evidence of recent active sediment deposition across the fans in this area. This may be d ...
... creeks draining the hill catchments. They extend across some areas of high density residential land use, including much of Mosgiel (Figure 5.3). Despite being identified as ‘active’ (Opus, 2009) there is little evidence of recent active sediment deposition across the fans in this area. This may be d ...
Origins of the plume hypothesis and some of its
... the slow spreading mid-Atlantic ridge as expected if local heterogeneities are ubiquitous (Donnelly et al., 2004). Many low-volume magmas do not reach the surface. They freeze within the mantle producing new heterogeneities (Donnelly et al., 2004). These domains are sources of enriched MORB when the ...
... the slow spreading mid-Atlantic ridge as expected if local heterogeneities are ubiquitous (Donnelly et al., 2004). Many low-volume magmas do not reach the surface. They freeze within the mantle producing new heterogeneities (Donnelly et al., 2004). These domains are sources of enriched MORB when the ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.