![Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008914391_1-bfcb346e0a0c1c5191b6f4d83e7fa2ae-300x300.png)
Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes
... euthecosome species. Although these data suggest that both groups reduce calcification in response to ocean acidification, the small number of species tested precludes the identification of general trends. Species-specific responses are likely, and it is possible that the calcification rates of some ...
... euthecosome species. Although these data suggest that both groups reduce calcification in response to ocean acidification, the small number of species tested precludes the identification of general trends. Species-specific responses are likely, and it is possible that the calcification rates of some ...
BIG SCIENCE - Ocean Networks Canada
... Minnesota, 1000 miles from the ocean. Michael alerted ONC’s science team by email and initiated what became a leading-edge conversation about what caused this abundant migration of crabs. ...
... Minnesota, 1000 miles from the ocean. Michael alerted ONC’s science team by email and initiated what became a leading-edge conversation about what caused this abundant migration of crabs. ...
Isostasy, flexure, and dynamic topography
... are frequently not available. Isostatic factors controlling lithospheric buoyancy are frequently uncertain and nonisostatic factors, such as lithospheric bending towards subduction zones and dynamic topography, are hard to distinguish. The question discussed here is whether a set of simple rules tha ...
... are frequently not available. Isostatic factors controlling lithospheric buoyancy are frequently uncertain and nonisostatic factors, such as lithospheric bending towards subduction zones and dynamic topography, are hard to distinguish. The question discussed here is whether a set of simple rules tha ...
Why did not the Ontong Java Plateau form subaerially?
... hot mantle and its melting, we would expect significant positive buoyancy from hot mantle as well as thick crust, which should be sufficient to raise the surface of the plateau well above sea level. Subaerial eruption is commonly observed for smaller-scale hotspots like Hawaii and Iceland. If viscou ...
... hot mantle and its melting, we would expect significant positive buoyancy from hot mantle as well as thick crust, which should be sufficient to raise the surface of the plateau well above sea level. Subaerial eruption is commonly observed for smaller-scale hotspots like Hawaii and Iceland. If viscou ...
Viscosity of the asthenosphere from glacial isostatic adjustment and
... flowed smoothly over topography [Booth, 1987], which indicates that there was significantly more ice in low-lying areas than in areas of high elevation. The isostatic depression was taken into account when adjusting the ice model to produce an ice surface that gently slopes toward the Pacific Ocean. ...
... flowed smoothly over topography [Booth, 1987], which indicates that there was significantly more ice in low-lying areas than in areas of high elevation. The isostatic depression was taken into account when adjusting the ice model to produce an ice surface that gently slopes toward the Pacific Ocean. ...
An ultraslow-spreading class of ocean ridge
... ridges consist of linked magmatic and amagmatic accretionary ridge segments. The amagmatic segments are a previously unrecognized class of accretionary plate boundary structure and can assume any orientation, with angles relative to the spreading direction ranging from orthogonal to acute. These ama ...
... ridges consist of linked magmatic and amagmatic accretionary ridge segments. The amagmatic segments are a previously unrecognized class of accretionary plate boundary structure and can assume any orientation, with angles relative to the spreading direction ranging from orthogonal to acute. These ama ...
New perspectives in benthic deep-sea microbial ecology
... only in deep-sea waters beneath 1000 m depth, but also in subsurface sediments (Karner et al., 2001; Biddle et al., 2006; Schippers and Neretin, 2006; Lipp et al., 2008). Recent studies reveal that in deep-sea surface sediments the abundance of archaea can be more relevant than previously thought (c ...
... only in deep-sea waters beneath 1000 m depth, but also in subsurface sediments (Karner et al., 2001; Biddle et al., 2006; Schippers and Neretin, 2006; Lipp et al., 2008). Recent studies reveal that in deep-sea surface sediments the abundance of archaea can be more relevant than previously thought (c ...
petrology of subducted slabs - School of Ocean and Earth Science
... The oceanic lithosphere of mafic and ultramafic composition is the result of a complex sequence of igneous and metamorphic processes, usually accompanied by a history of both brittle and ductile deformation. When fast spreading rates prevail (>100 mm · a−1), e.g., in the East Pacific Rise since the ...
... The oceanic lithosphere of mafic and ultramafic composition is the result of a complex sequence of igneous and metamorphic processes, usually accompanied by a history of both brittle and ductile deformation. When fast spreading rates prevail (>100 mm · a−1), e.g., in the East Pacific Rise since the ...
An ultraslow-spreading class of ocean ridge
... ridges consist of linked magmatic and amagmatic accretionary ridge segments. The amagmatic segments are a previously unrecognized class of accretionary plate boundary structure and can assume any orientation, with angles relative to the spreading direction ranging from orthogonal to acute. These ama ...
... ridges consist of linked magmatic and amagmatic accretionary ridge segments. The amagmatic segments are a previously unrecognized class of accretionary plate boundary structure and can assume any orientation, with angles relative to the spreading direction ranging from orthogonal to acute. These ama ...
On the role of subducting oceanic plateaus in the development of
... (Kirby et al., 1996a), slabs would lose their compositional buoyancy at this shallow depth, regardless of their crustal thickness. Only a kinetically hindered reaction from basalt to eclogite would cause the slab to preserve (some of) its compositional buoyancy to greater depth. Therefore, the hypot ...
... (Kirby et al., 1996a), slabs would lose their compositional buoyancy at this shallow depth, regardless of their crustal thickness. Only a kinetically hindered reaction from basalt to eclogite would cause the slab to preserve (some of) its compositional buoyancy to greater depth. Therefore, the hypot ...
Forum Future Ocean Floor Mapping - Ismar-Cnr
... coordinated effort to map the ocean floor, identify the areas of greatest need so that efforts can be prioritized and to increase the recognition of the importance of bathymetry in intergovernmental forums. GEBCO recognizes that vast areas of the World ocean floor, especially those at great distance ...
... coordinated effort to map the ocean floor, identify the areas of greatest need so that efforts can be prioritized and to increase the recognition of the importance of bathymetry in intergovernmental forums. GEBCO recognizes that vast areas of the World ocean floor, especially those at great distance ...
Land Zones of Queensland - Department of Environment and
... The regional ecosystem (RE) system is a framework for land classification that was developed in Queensland in the 1990s to assist in planning for biodiversity, both on and off conservation reserve estate. The classification system is a multiple attribute land classification system which describes th ...
... The regional ecosystem (RE) system is a framework for land classification that was developed in Queensland in the 1990s to assist in planning for biodiversity, both on and off conservation reserve estate. The classification system is a multiple attribute land classification system which describes th ...
Methodology for oceanic CO2 measurements - UNESDOC
... GEOSECS expedition (1972) and TTO expedition (1981) show a significant trend, approximately paralleling the atmospheric CO2 increase recorded at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. Also a backward-in-time calculation to assessthe uptake of CO2 in water masses previously exposed to the atmosphere and no ...
... GEOSECS expedition (1972) and TTO expedition (1981) show a significant trend, approximately paralleling the atmospheric CO2 increase recorded at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. Also a backward-in-time calculation to assessthe uptake of CO2 in water masses previously exposed to the atmosphere and no ...
PDF
... Trench (MT), approximatingthe situation prior to the opening of the Parece Vela Basin during ways indistinguishable from that of sea-floor the Oligocene epoch. (C) Reconstruction of the West Mariana Ridge (WMR) with the MR spreading. This contrasts with many models that and MT, approximating the sit ...
... Trench (MT), approximatingthe situation prior to the opening of the Parece Vela Basin during ways indistinguishable from that of sea-floor the Oligocene epoch. (C) Reconstruction of the West Mariana Ridge (WMR) with the MR spreading. This contrasts with many models that and MT, approximating the sit ...
The OIB paradox - Do plumes exist?
... moving lithospheric plate for tens of millions of years, suggesting that its source is coupled in some way to the plate, and yet the Cameroon line (where continental and oceanic basalts are geochemically indistinguishable) suggests that the source is sublithospheric. The causes and sources of contin ...
... moving lithospheric plate for tens of millions of years, suggesting that its source is coupled in some way to the plate, and yet the Cameroon line (where continental and oceanic basalts are geochemically indistinguishable) suggests that the source is sublithospheric. The causes and sources of contin ...
On the Structure and Seismotectonics of the Kuril Arc Trench System
... continuous profiling and multichannel commondepth point sounding by reflection method used, the pecu liarities of the structure and seismotectonics of the Kuril arctrench system have been analyzed. Additionally, the features of the Benioff and Tarakanov opposite seismofocal zones, associated with ...
... continuous profiling and multichannel commondepth point sounding by reflection method used, the pecu liarities of the structure and seismotectonics of the Kuril arctrench system have been analyzed. Additionally, the features of the Benioff and Tarakanov opposite seismofocal zones, associated with ...
Title Scaling Surface Mixing/Mixed Layer Depth under Stabilizing
... buoyancy fluxes where Earth’s rotation effect plays more important roles. Applicability of this scaling to the oceanic boundary layer is suggested by Zilitinkevich et al. (2002), though it is not yet validated from observed data. As described above, two different scales, LG77 and LZ02, have been pro ...
... buoyancy fluxes where Earth’s rotation effect plays more important roles. Applicability of this scaling to the oceanic boundary layer is suggested by Zilitinkevich et al. (2002), though it is not yet validated from observed data. As described above, two different scales, LG77 and LZ02, have been pro ...
Slab window geometry presentation pdf
... The spreading at the ridge continues as it is subducted, but because the spreading center is beneath warmer continental crust and does not have cold ocean water to cool it, molten material produced at the center can no longer form new lithosphere, resulting in a slab-free zone, or slab window. ...
... The spreading at the ridge continues as it is subducted, but because the spreading center is beneath warmer continental crust and does not have cold ocean water to cool it, molten material produced at the center can no longer form new lithosphere, resulting in a slab-free zone, or slab window. ...
Services from the deep Steps towards valuation of deep sea goods
... services of the deep sea. The UNEP-HERMES report ‘‘Deep Sea Biodiversity and Ecosystems’’ (van den Hove and Moreau, 2007) stopped short of providing a full catalogue relating services to current knowledge regarding ecosystems and their functioning. In this paper we provide an overview and integratio ...
... services of the deep sea. The UNEP-HERMES report ‘‘Deep Sea Biodiversity and Ecosystems’’ (van den Hove and Moreau, 2007) stopped short of providing a full catalogue relating services to current knowledge regarding ecosystems and their functioning. In this paper we provide an overview and integratio ...
Sunlight and water transparency: cornerstones in coral
... The field studies were undertaken as a part of the ONR CoBOP program in the western most reefs of the Florida Keys and at Lee Stocking Island in the Bahamas. These two regions allowed comparative measurements in waters of two optical types. The Dry Tortugas of the Florida Reef System is surrounded b ...
... The field studies were undertaken as a part of the ONR CoBOP program in the western most reefs of the Florida Keys and at Lee Stocking Island in the Bahamas. These two regions allowed comparative measurements in waters of two optical types. The Dry Tortugas of the Florida Reef System is surrounded b ...
Global tectonic significance of the Solomon
... and 1998 of the Solomon Islands – Ontong Java Plateau convergent zone. Marine geophysical data include single and multichannel seismic reflection, ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) refraction, gravity, magnetic, sidescan sonar, and earthquake studies. Objectives of this introductory paper include: (1) ...
... and 1998 of the Solomon Islands – Ontong Java Plateau convergent zone. Marine geophysical data include single and multichannel seismic reflection, ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) refraction, gravity, magnetic, sidescan sonar, and earthquake studies. Objectives of this introductory paper include: (1) ...
35. Tectonics and Sedimentation in the Panama Basin
... complex; (4) hemipelagic deposits; (5) limits of eroded portions of Cocos and Camegie Ridges. Blank areas are free of sediment or contain only local patches. system might produce such a change, although the present peak in sedimentation rate about 2 to 3 m.y. ago day relation between surface biologi ...
... complex; (4) hemipelagic deposits; (5) limits of eroded portions of Cocos and Camegie Ridges. Blank areas are free of sediment or contain only local patches. system might produce such a change, although the present peak in sedimentation rate about 2 to 3 m.y. ago day relation between surface biologi ...
riDge-HotSpot iNteractioNS what mid-ocean ridges tell us
... approaches help to advance understanding of ridge-hotspot interaction. ...
... approaches help to advance understanding of ridge-hotspot interaction. ...
Upper mantle beneath Southeast Asia from S velocity tomography
... destruction of the ancient lithosphere. At 120–150 km, S velocity beneath some cratons reaches 4.8 km/s; this can be accounted for by thermal and compositional effects. Beneath the Hainan Island area a low-velocity anomaly is observed from near the surface to the bottom of our model; the hot spot-ty ...
... destruction of the ancient lithosphere. At 120–150 km, S velocity beneath some cratons reaches 4.8 km/s; this can be accounted for by thermal and compositional effects. Beneath the Hainan Island area a low-velocity anomaly is observed from near the surface to the bottom of our model; the hot spot-ty ...
Plate Tectonics
... field reversals to reconstruct Pangaea? Try this lab to see how you can determine where a continent may have been located in the past. ...
... field reversals to reconstruct Pangaea? Try this lab to see how you can determine where a continent may have been located in the past. ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.