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Vertical nitrate fluxes in the Arctic Ocean
... sink and thus exports essential nutrients to depth. This flux is called export production. In this way, the world ocean is partitioned into a photic, nutrient poor surface layer and the aphotic, nutrient rich deeper layers. Without any further exchange processes between these two pools, nutrients wo ...
... sink and thus exports essential nutrients to depth. This flux is called export production. In this way, the world ocean is partitioned into a photic, nutrient poor surface layer and the aphotic, nutrient rich deeper layers. Without any further exchange processes between these two pools, nutrients wo ...
1 Modeling bio-geomorphological influences for offshore
... influences. The benthic communities composition on the seabed is generally related to physical parameters like median grain size, slope, mud content and water depth (e.g. Degraer et al., 2008). In the present paper, we focus on three species that are (1) characteristic for benthos living in sandwave ...
... influences. The benthic communities composition on the seabed is generally related to physical parameters like median grain size, slope, mud content and water depth (e.g. Degraer et al., 2008). In the present paper, we focus on three species that are (1) characteristic for benthos living in sandwave ...
Paper Oman, 2001
... A 2-D physical and finite-element numerical modelling of arc continent collision was performed to study the deformation and failure of the overriding lithosphere. The experimental technique allowed us to model the whole subduction/collision process from oceanic subduction to deep subduction of the c ...
... A 2-D physical and finite-element numerical modelling of arc continent collision was performed to study the deformation and failure of the overriding lithosphere. The experimental technique allowed us to model the whole subduction/collision process from oceanic subduction to deep subduction of the c ...
Subduction - Géosciences Montpellier
... allows nearly all oceanic lithosphere to be recycled into the mantle. By contrast, only the lower portion of the continental lithosphere (the lithospheric mantle) may, under certain conditions, be transported into the deep mantle. Since the continental crust resists subduction at depths beyond about ...
... allows nearly all oceanic lithosphere to be recycled into the mantle. By contrast, only the lower portion of the continental lithosphere (the lithospheric mantle) may, under certain conditions, be transported into the deep mantle. Since the continental crust resists subduction at depths beyond about ...
American Journal of Science - gemoc
... of radiogenic heat sources. Decrease in the MgO content of komatiites.—The average MgO content of komatiites is one way to track the average eruptive temperature of the magma and of the mantle sources, which are likely mantle plumes (Arndt and others, 2008). Each point on figure 2 is the average MgO ...
... of radiogenic heat sources. Decrease in the MgO content of komatiites.—The average MgO content of komatiites is one way to track the average eruptive temperature of the magma and of the mantle sources, which are likely mantle plumes (Arndt and others, 2008). Each point on figure 2 is the average MgO ...
Deep-Sea Life
... was to understand the physical-chemical-biological characteristics in the equatorial Indian Ocean and their interrelationships. Underwater profiles of currents, temperature, salinity, oxygen, light and chlorophyll were measured during the cruise. In addition, samples have been collected to a depth o ...
... was to understand the physical-chemical-biological characteristics in the equatorial Indian Ocean and their interrelationships. Underwater profiles of currents, temperature, salinity, oxygen, light and chlorophyll were measured during the cruise. In addition, samples have been collected to a depth o ...
Metamorphic chemical geodynamics of subduction zones
... Strongly deforming zone in which various rock types are physically mixed and chemically altered and commonly containing more intact remnants of the rocks being incorporated (as tectonic blocks) The study of solid-state mineralogical, textural, and geochemical changes in rocks as they experie ...
... Strongly deforming zone in which various rock types are physically mixed and chemically altered and commonly containing more intact remnants of the rocks being incorporated (as tectonic blocks) The study of solid-state mineralogical, textural, and geochemical changes in rocks as they experie ...
Bebout Metamorphic chemical geodynamics of subduction zones
... Strongly deforming zone in which various rock types are physically mixed and chemically altered and commonly containing more intact remnants of the rocks being incorporated (as tectonic blocks) The study of solid-state mineralogical, textural, and geochemical changes in rocks as they experie ...
... Strongly deforming zone in which various rock types are physically mixed and chemically altered and commonly containing more intact remnants of the rocks being incorporated (as tectonic blocks) The study of solid-state mineralogical, textural, and geochemical changes in rocks as they experie ...
Slab detachment in laterally varying subduction zones: 3D
... (3-D) slab detachment dynamics during continental collision remain largely unexplored. In van Hunen and Allen [2011], the role of an inclined margin on the propagation of slab detachment was highlighted, Capitanio and Replumaz [2013] have explored the impact of slab detachment on the curvature of or ...
... (3-D) slab detachment dynamics during continental collision remain largely unexplored. In van Hunen and Allen [2011], the role of an inclined margin on the propagation of slab detachment was highlighted, Capitanio and Replumaz [2013] have explored the impact of slab detachment on the curvature of or ...
Bioregionalisation of the Southern Ocean - WWF
... from six countries attended an Experts Workshop on Bioregionalisation of the Southern Ocean held in Hobart, Australia. The workshop was hosted by the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, and WWFAustralia, and sponsored by Peregrine. The workshop was designed to assist with t ...
... from six countries attended an Experts Workshop on Bioregionalisation of the Southern Ocean held in Hobart, Australia. The workshop was hosted by the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, and WWFAustralia, and sponsored by Peregrine. The workshop was designed to assist with t ...
40. Neogene Controls on Hydrothermal Activity and
... major geochemical exchange process takes place as seawater enters fractures and fissures formed by the cooling of fresh ridge crest basalt and reacts with the hot basalt at temperatures in excess of 300°C (e.g., Edmond et al., 1979; von Damm et al., 1983). Further, but lower temperature, alteration ...
... major geochemical exchange process takes place as seawater enters fractures and fissures formed by the cooling of fresh ridge crest basalt and reacts with the hot basalt at temperatures in excess of 300°C (e.g., Edmond et al., 1979; von Damm et al., 1983). Further, but lower temperature, alteration ...
Continents on the move
... This idea linked all the evidence which had been discovered up until that time. At first, the idea of plate tectonics was treated like any other new scientific idea. Scientists tested it and examined the evidence very closely. New evidence was used to refine the idea so that it became a better and b ...
... This idea linked all the evidence which had been discovered up until that time. At first, the idea of plate tectonics was treated like any other new scientific idea. Scientists tested it and examined the evidence very closely. New evidence was used to refine the idea so that it became a better and b ...
Receiver function images of the Hellenic subduction zone and
... structures in the forearc that have been identified as nearly vertical margins of forearc slivers the seismicity extends down to the subduction interface (Meier et al., 2007; Becker et al., 2009; Brüstle et al., 2014). The seismicity of the plate contact is only incompletely recorded due to the limi ...
... structures in the forearc that have been identified as nearly vertical margins of forearc slivers the seismicity extends down to the subduction interface (Meier et al., 2007; Becker et al., 2009; Brüstle et al., 2014). The seismicity of the plate contact is only incompletely recorded due to the limi ...
Full Text
... this discrepancy comes from the more storied lifetime of continental lithosphere compared to its oceanic counterpart. Oceanic lithosphere is created at the mid-ocean ridges, from which it ages, cools, and thickens until it meets it demise at subduction zones. Continental lithosphere, on the other ha ...
... this discrepancy comes from the more storied lifetime of continental lithosphere compared to its oceanic counterpart. Oceanic lithosphere is created at the mid-ocean ridges, from which it ages, cools, and thickens until it meets it demise at subduction zones. Continental lithosphere, on the other ha ...
Southeast Asia`s changing palaeogeography
... Abstract Geology provides the basis for understanding distributions of faunas and floras in Southeast Asia but only via a complex interplay of plate movements, palaeogeography, ocean circulation and climate. Southeast Asia grew incrementally by the addition of continental fragments, mainly rifted ...
... Abstract Geology provides the basis for understanding distributions of faunas and floras in Southeast Asia but only via a complex interplay of plate movements, palaeogeography, ocean circulation and climate. Southeast Asia grew incrementally by the addition of continental fragments, mainly rifted ...
coherence property estimation for various ocean depths
... flying over the sea (iii) Biological sources – Marine species (iv) Thermal noise – due to bombardment of molecules. These types are categorized under various bands of frequencies. Ambient noise present in the ocean is not uniform in horizontal, due to the presence of acoustic sources such as surface ...
... flying over the sea (iii) Biological sources – Marine species (iv) Thermal noise – due to bombardment of molecules. These types are categorized under various bands of frequencies. Ambient noise present in the ocean is not uniform in horizontal, due to the presence of acoustic sources such as surface ...
1_Activity_2_Sediments_blank
... nature of the sea floor. This was the first time that such a large and organized attempt was made to study marine sediments and the sea floor. The data it generated has greatly expanded the field of oceanography as well as our understanding of climate change, Earth history, marine resources, natural ...
... nature of the sea floor. This was the first time that such a large and organized attempt was made to study marine sediments and the sea floor. The data it generated has greatly expanded the field of oceanography as well as our understanding of climate change, Earth history, marine resources, natural ...
Geodynamics of the South China Sea
... 33 Ma. Chron 12 (32 Ma) is the oldest chron identified in the SCS. The nature of the crust of the northeastern part of the SCS located north of chron C12, where chrons 15 to 17 were previously identified, is not oceanic but thinned continental crust intruded by volcanic elongated features emplaced 17– ...
... 33 Ma. Chron 12 (32 Ma) is the oldest chron identified in the SCS. The nature of the crust of the northeastern part of the SCS located north of chron C12, where chrons 15 to 17 were previously identified, is not oceanic but thinned continental crust intruded by volcanic elongated features emplaced 17– ...
Geological Evidence For The Geographical Pattern of Mantle Return
... trenches and at the Java Trench meet south of Australia, filling in behind this rapidly northwardmoving continent and providingan explanationfor the negativebathymetricand gravity anomalies of the 'Australian-Antarctic Discordance'. The long-continued tectonic movements toward the east that characte ...
... trenches and at the Java Trench meet south of Australia, filling in behind this rapidly northwardmoving continent and providingan explanationfor the negativebathymetricand gravity anomalies of the 'Australian-Antarctic Discordance'. The long-continued tectonic movements toward the east that characte ...
C2.3 Plate boundary earthquakes C2.3.1 Strike
... Westward propagating sequence of earthquakes began in Erzincan in 1939. No creeping segments observed. Stress modelling has shown that the sequence can be explained by each earthquake increasing the stress on the neighbouring segment (Stein et al., 1997) Latest earthquake August 17 1999 M = 7.6 and ...
... Westward propagating sequence of earthquakes began in Erzincan in 1939. No creeping segments observed. Stress modelling has shown that the sequence can be explained by each earthquake increasing the stress on the neighbouring segment (Stein et al., 1997) Latest earthquake August 17 1999 M = 7.6 and ...
A new look at the causes and consequences of the Icelandic hot
... conduit for upward flow of hot material through the lower mantle and the mantle transition zone has been supported by recent interpretations of the D" layer at the base of the mantle. This probably represents a thermal boundary layer where heat is transferred by thermal conduction from core to mantl ...
... conduit for upward flow of hot material through the lower mantle and the mantle transition zone has been supported by recent interpretations of the D" layer at the base of the mantle. This probably represents a thermal boundary layer where heat is transferred by thermal conduction from core to mantl ...
Karson, J.A., and Lawrence, R.M., 1997. Tectonic setting of
... should ordinarily lie at depths of 5-7 km below the mafic igneous suite of the oceanic crust. Median valley walls of slow-spreading ridges have total relief of as much as 4 km, but they average approximately 1.5 km (Shih, 1980). They are characterized by closely spaced, faults with vertical separati ...
... should ordinarily lie at depths of 5-7 km below the mafic igneous suite of the oceanic crust. Median valley walls of slow-spreading ridges have total relief of as much as 4 km, but they average approximately 1.5 km (Shih, 1980). They are characterized by closely spaced, faults with vertical separati ...
An Evaluation of Proposed Mechanisms of Slab Flattening in Central
... flat subduction. The general geometry of the subducting slab has been known for some time and is characterized by a horizontal zone bounded on either side by two moderately dipping sections. We systematically evaluate proposed hypotheses for shallow subduction in Mexico based on the spatial and temp ...
... flat subduction. The general geometry of the subducting slab has been known for some time and is characterized by a horizontal zone bounded on either side by two moderately dipping sections. We systematically evaluate proposed hypotheses for shallow subduction in Mexico based on the spatial and temp ...
Pub-2010 - Caltech GPS
... flat subduction. The general geometry of the subducting slab has been known for some time and is characterized by a horizontal zone bounded on either side by two moderately dipping sections. We systematically evaluate proposed hypotheses for shallow subduction in Mexico based on the spatial and temp ...
... flat subduction. The general geometry of the subducting slab has been known for some time and is characterized by a horizontal zone bounded on either side by two moderately dipping sections. We systematically evaluate proposed hypotheses for shallow subduction in Mexico based on the spatial and temp ...
Magmatic constraints on geodynamic models of subduction in the
... that the slab underwent extensive roll-back to the SE and that the lithospheric slab now imaged in the Vrancea tectonic zone is the subducted oceanic slab that caused the magmatism of the CGH arc. The subducted basin may have been floored by oceanic, transitional or continental crust (Burchfiel, 197 ...
... that the slab underwent extensive roll-back to the SE and that the lithospheric slab now imaged in the Vrancea tectonic zone is the subducted oceanic slab that caused the magmatism of the CGH arc. The subducted basin may have been floored by oceanic, transitional or continental crust (Burchfiel, 197 ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.