The dynamics of the marine nitrogen cycle across the last deglaciation
... N:P ratio of the nutrient pool is lowered, the rate of export production will decrease due to an even stronger limitation by NO–3 , causing a drop in export production, a lower oxygen demand from organic matter remineralization, and thus higher oxygen concentrations in the ocean interior. This decre ...
... N:P ratio of the nutrient pool is lowered, the rate of export production will decrease due to an even stronger limitation by NO–3 , causing a drop in export production, a lower oxygen demand from organic matter remineralization, and thus higher oxygen concentrations in the ocean interior. This decre ...
DEEP SEA CORALS
... other products from the sea Over half of all currently marketed drugs have their origins in natural products.34 During the last decade, scientists have investigated marine organisms looking for natural compounds with uses as diverse as cures for human diseases, seafood safety, and the development of ...
... other products from the sea Over half of all currently marketed drugs have their origins in natural products.34 During the last decade, scientists have investigated marine organisms looking for natural compounds with uses as diverse as cures for human diseases, seafood safety, and the development of ...
IMOS National Reference Station (NRS) Network
... The continental shelf, continental margin, coastal ocean and coastal zone are fuzzy concepts for which various definitions have been proposed. The continental shelf is the area extending from the coast to the shelf break, which is usually defined by the 200 metre depth isobath. The continental ma ...
... The continental shelf, continental margin, coastal ocean and coastal zone are fuzzy concepts for which various definitions have been proposed. The continental shelf is the area extending from the coast to the shelf break, which is usually defined by the 200 metre depth isobath. The continental ma ...
The distribution of macrofauna on the inner continental
... related to the depth, with both descriptors being higher during the rainy season and at depths greater than 50 m. This result is probably due to the higher availability of food in the river during this period and is corroborated by the predominance of deposit feeders in the deepest stratum. The numb ...
... related to the depth, with both descriptors being higher during the rainy season and at depths greater than 50 m. This result is probably due to the higher availability of food in the river during this period and is corroborated by the predominance of deposit feeders in the deepest stratum. The numb ...
Temporal evolution of continental lithospheric strength in actively
... It has been agreed for nearly a century that a strong, loadbearing outer layer of earth is required to support mountain ranges, transmit stresses to deform active regions, and store elastic strain to generate earthquakes. However, the depth and extent of this strong layer remain controversial. Here ...
... It has been agreed for nearly a century that a strong, loadbearing outer layer of earth is required to support mountain ranges, transmit stresses to deform active regions, and store elastic strain to generate earthquakes. However, the depth and extent of this strong layer remain controversial. Here ...
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 433, 204-214 , 2016.
... 1999; Replumaz et al., 2004; Hafkenscheid et al., 2006). Additionally, global mantle convection modeling combined with seismic tomography analysis has enabled the testing of existing end-member kinematic models (Zahirovic et al., 2012). There is growing support for a complex multiple collision model ...
... 1999; Replumaz et al., 2004; Hafkenscheid et al., 2006). Additionally, global mantle convection modeling combined with seismic tomography analysis has enabled the testing of existing end-member kinematic models (Zahirovic et al., 2012). There is growing support for a complex multiple collision model ...
Late-orogenic heating during exhumation: Alpine PTt trajectories
... thermal implications of shallow slab detachment on the overriding plate [9]. Temperature changes are calculated by solving the heat transfer equation numerically using ¢nite di¡erence methods. The geometry of the model and the accompanying thermal boundary conditions are depicted in Fig. 4a. Advecti ...
... thermal implications of shallow slab detachment on the overriding plate [9]. Temperature changes are calculated by solving the heat transfer equation numerically using ¢nite di¡erence methods. The geometry of the model and the accompanying thermal boundary conditions are depicted in Fig. 4a. Advecti ...
Seabed: The New Frontier Seminar
... by the ISBA, the International Seabed Authority (an intergovernmental body established by the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea and based in Jamaica), as a new horizon of economic investment. The mineral resources that may be found in seabed includes oil, natural gas, gas hydrates, man ...
... by the ISBA, the International Seabed Authority (an intergovernmental body established by the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea and based in Jamaica), as a new horizon of economic investment. The mineral resources that may be found in seabed includes oil, natural gas, gas hydrates, man ...
Presence of Prochlorococcus in the aphotic waters
... approach. As illustrated by Fig. 3b for samples collected from St. DC01, the estimated cellular rRNA contents were 150–270 copies cell−1 for HLII, and ∼ 500 copies cell−1 for LLIV. Within the euphotic zone, HLII exhibited increasing cellular rRNA with depth (maximum at 150 m), perhaps reflective of ...
... approach. As illustrated by Fig. 3b for samples collected from St. DC01, the estimated cellular rRNA contents were 150–270 copies cell−1 for HLII, and ∼ 500 copies cell−1 for LLIV. Within the euphotic zone, HLII exhibited increasing cellular rRNA with depth (maximum at 150 m), perhaps reflective of ...
Orogenic Belts and Orogenic Sediment Provenance
... Because little sediment is produced by the low-relief orogen and tectonic subsidence is one order-of-magnitude greater than for eastward subductions (Doglioni 1994), the sedimentary basin formed both in front of and above (Ori and Friend 1984) the growing accretionary prism typically remains persist ...
... Because little sediment is produced by the low-relief orogen and tectonic subsidence is one order-of-magnitude greater than for eastward subductions (Doglioni 1994), the sedimentary basin formed both in front of and above (Ori and Friend 1984) the growing accretionary prism typically remains persist ...
Numerical modeling
... The stable mineralogy and physical properties for the various lithologies were computed by free energy minimization (Connolly, 2005) as a function of pressure and temperature. The properties of sediments and hydrated mantle are required only at depths of less than 200 km where the properties of hydr ...
... The stable mineralogy and physical properties for the various lithologies were computed by free energy minimization (Connolly, 2005) as a function of pressure and temperature. The properties of sediments and hydrated mantle are required only at depths of less than 200 km where the properties of hydr ...
Non-plume magmatism and tectonics during the opening of the
... tors, or a basalt wedge, along most of the central Atlantic continental margin. In the SE USA, strong sub-horizontal seismic reflectors of continental flood basalts of the South Georgia basin intersect or overlap the seaward-dipping reflectors (Oh et al., 1995). This very thick (to 25 km) basalt and ...
... tors, or a basalt wedge, along most of the central Atlantic continental margin. In the SE USA, strong sub-horizontal seismic reflectors of continental flood basalts of the South Georgia basin intersect or overlap the seaward-dipping reflectors (Oh et al., 1995). This very thick (to 25 km) basalt and ...
Paleoceanographical proxies based on deep-sea
... quantitative reconstruction of bottom water oxygenation may be feasible only for values below 1 ml/l, and will probably be much more complicated or impossible, at higher concentrations (Murray, 2001). 3) Since publication of the key papers of Lutze and co-workers (Lutze, 1980; Lutze & Coulbourn, 198 ...
... quantitative reconstruction of bottom water oxygenation may be feasible only for values below 1 ml/l, and will probably be much more complicated or impossible, at higher concentrations (Murray, 2001). 3) Since publication of the key papers of Lutze and co-workers (Lutze, 1980; Lutze & Coulbourn, 198 ...
Campbell, I.H., Large Igneous Provinces and the mantle plume
... into it, driving plate tectonics. The lower boundary layer is the contact between the Earth’s molten iron–nickel outer core and the mantle. High-pressure experimental studies of the melting point of iron–nickel alloys show that the core is several hundred degrees hotter than the overlying mantle. A ...
... into it, driving plate tectonics. The lower boundary layer is the contact between the Earth’s molten iron–nickel outer core and the mantle. High-pressure experimental studies of the melting point of iron–nickel alloys show that the core is several hundred degrees hotter than the overlying mantle. A ...
The fate of fluids released from subducting slab in
... earthquakes and to collision tectonics. An approximately 10 km thick lower crustal layer of low Poisson’s ratio (σ = 0.22) in the forearc is estimated to represent a maximum addition of ∼14 % by volume of quartz (σ = 0.09). If this quartz is removed from rising silica-saturated fluids over long time ...
... earthquakes and to collision tectonics. An approximately 10 km thick lower crustal layer of low Poisson’s ratio (σ = 0.22) in the forearc is estimated to represent a maximum addition of ∼14 % by volume of quartz (σ = 0.09). If this quartz is removed from rising silica-saturated fluids over long time ...
Seamounts Project
... such as orange roughy or alfonsino, that are highly attractive to commercial operators. The limited knowledge of seamount-associated fauna to date indicates that many species grow and reproduce slowly and are therefore much more vulnerable to overexploitation. Evidence has shown that deep-sea bottom ...
... such as orange roughy or alfonsino, that are highly attractive to commercial operators. The limited knowledge of seamount-associated fauna to date indicates that many species grow and reproduce slowly and are therefore much more vulnerable to overexploitation. Evidence has shown that deep-sea bottom ...
Microbial Extracellular Enzymes in Marine Sediments: Methods
... through the water column as marine snow, are hotspots for organic matter degradation and microbial enzymatic activity (Arnosti, 2011). Only 0.1% of global net primary production makes it past the water column and is deposited in marine sediments (Hedges, 1992). Sedimentary rocks contain the largest ...
... through the water column as marine snow, are hotspots for organic matter degradation and microbial enzymatic activity (Arnosti, 2011). Only 0.1% of global net primary production makes it past the water column and is deposited in marine sediments (Hedges, 1992). Sedimentary rocks contain the largest ...
Goal 2 - The learner will demonstrate an
... The students will observe/create a Cartesian Diver to stimulate more discussion of the technology used in ocean exploration. There are a variety of ways to make Cartesian divers. You can choose to do this part in one of the following ways: - as a demonstration for your students to observe and analyz ...
... The students will observe/create a Cartesian Diver to stimulate more discussion of the technology used in ocean exploration. There are a variety of ways to make Cartesian divers. You can choose to do this part in one of the following ways: - as a demonstration for your students to observe and analyz ...
Top driven asymmetric mantle convection
... The volumes of lithospheric loss must be compensated by the same amount of mantle upwelling. If there are 306 km3/yr of lithospheric loss, we expect the same amount of lithospheric production. New oceanic lithosphere is formed along the about 60,000 km long oceanic ridges and backarc basin systems. ...
... The volumes of lithospheric loss must be compensated by the same amount of mantle upwelling. If there are 306 km3/yr of lithospheric loss, we expect the same amount of lithospheric production. New oceanic lithosphere is formed along the about 60,000 km long oceanic ridges and backarc basin systems. ...
The Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary
... were best explained by a dry lithosphere over a hydrated asthenosphere. Eaton et al. (2009) provide an excellent review of magnetotelluric studies and their implications for the LAB in cratons. This paper focuses on the implications of seismological studies for models of the LAB. For purely thermal ...
... were best explained by a dry lithosphere over a hydrated asthenosphere. Eaton et al. (2009) provide an excellent review of magnetotelluric studies and their implications for the LAB in cratons. This paper focuses on the implications of seismological studies for models of the LAB. For purely thermal ...
The Crozet oceanic zone
... isobath of 250 m (Figure 2). The archipelago is part of a broad volcanic area which was fragmented by tectonic movements causing much of it to collapse into the sea. The EEZ of Crozet is also characterized by a large abyssal domain representing 87% of the EEZ. In this area, it is essential to includ ...
... isobath of 250 m (Figure 2). The archipelago is part of a broad volcanic area which was fragmented by tectonic movements causing much of it to collapse into the sea. The EEZ of Crozet is also characterized by a large abyssal domain representing 87% of the EEZ. In this area, it is essential to includ ...
Today`s Quiz -
... Drummond H. Matthews of the University of Cambridge and a research student, Frederick J. Vine, postulated in 1963 that the new crust would have a magnetization aligned with the field at the time of its formation. If the magnetic field was normal, as it is today, the magnetization of the crust would ...
... Drummond H. Matthews of the University of Cambridge and a research student, Frederick J. Vine, postulated in 1963 that the new crust would have a magnetization aligned with the field at the time of its formation. If the magnetic field was normal, as it is today, the magnetization of the crust would ...
Ocean Eddy Dynamics in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model*
... history of the eddy forcing is diagnosed from the eddyresolving solution and then analyzed statistically and dynamically. The mechanism of the eddy/mean flow interaction is uncovered, and the effects of the eddies on the large-scale flow are separated from the effect of the wind. Statistics of the e ...
... history of the eddy forcing is diagnosed from the eddyresolving solution and then analyzed statistically and dynamically. The mechanism of the eddy/mean flow interaction is uncovered, and the effects of the eddies on the large-scale flow are separated from the effect of the wind. Statistics of the e ...
Orogenic Belts and Orogenic Sediment Provenance
... sources of terrigenous sediments (Indo-Burman-type subduction complexes, Apennine-type thin-skinned orogens, Oman-type obduction orogens, Andean-type cordilleras, and Alpine-type collision orogens). Each type of composite orogen is envisaged here as the tectonic assembly of subparallel geological do ...
... sources of terrigenous sediments (Indo-Burman-type subduction complexes, Apennine-type thin-skinned orogens, Oman-type obduction orogens, Andean-type cordilleras, and Alpine-type collision orogens). Each type of composite orogen is envisaged here as the tectonic assembly of subparallel geological do ...
BIG SCIENCE - Ocean Networks Canada
... Minnesota, 1000 miles from the ocean. Michael alerted ONC’s science team by email and initiated what became a leading-edge conversation about what caused this abundant migration of crabs. ...
... Minnesota, 1000 miles from the ocean. Michael alerted ONC’s science team by email and initiated what became a leading-edge conversation about what caused this abundant migration of crabs. ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.