NGF GEOHAB 2009 Abstracts and Proceedings of the Geological Society of Norway
... The Geological Survey of Norway with cooperating partners wish you all welcome to the 8th GeoHab conference in Trondheim, Norway May 2009. This conference brings together more than 100 scientists from 20 countries and 4 continents. A wide range of fields within geology, biology, acoustics, statistic ...
... The Geological Survey of Norway with cooperating partners wish you all welcome to the 8th GeoHab conference in Trondheim, Norway May 2009. This conference brings together more than 100 scientists from 20 countries and 4 continents. A wide range of fields within geology, biology, acoustics, statistic ...
WOR 1 - World Ocean Review
... The scientists in the Cluster of Excellence “The Future Ocean” undertake research in a range of disciplines, evaluating the complex interactions between the oceans and global change and assessing opportunities and risks. But how much do we really know about the state of the oceans today? What do we ...
... The scientists in the Cluster of Excellence “The Future Ocean” undertake research in a range of disciplines, evaluating the complex interactions between the oceans and global change and assessing opportunities and risks. But how much do we really know about the state of the oceans today? What do we ...
First Census of Marine Life 2010: Highlights of a Decade of Discovery
... 1. The oceans encompass almost 10 times as much deep sea (averaging 4,000 meters) as shallow shelf (up to 200 meters). Shelves may be as narrow as 5 kilometers (e.g., off California or Chile) or as wide as hundreds of kilometers (e.g., off China or Argentina). Until recently, most human activities, ...
... 1. The oceans encompass almost 10 times as much deep sea (averaging 4,000 meters) as shallow shelf (up to 200 meters). Shelves may be as narrow as 5 kilometers (e.g., off California or Chile) or as wide as hundreds of kilometers (e.g., off China or Argentina). Until recently, most human activities, ...
The role of hydrous phases in the formation of trench parallel
... most common explanations for this phenomenon. B-type fabric generated within the mantle wedge should produce trench parallel anisotropy in both of the two easternmost grid nodes that sample the wedge. For the central node, the periods which most strongly sample the mantle wedge are 33 and 40 s. One ...
... most common explanations for this phenomenon. B-type fabric generated within the mantle wedge should produce trench parallel anisotropy in both of the two easternmost grid nodes that sample the wedge. For the central node, the periods which most strongly sample the mantle wedge are 33 and 40 s. One ...
The global range of subduction zone thermal structures from
... of the materials within subduction zones. However the best way to directly study material that has been deep inside a subduction zone is to examine exhumed metamorphic rocks from ancient subduction zones. These rocks provide a “post-mortem” that allows us to determine the nature of materials within ...
... of the materials within subduction zones. However the best way to directly study material that has been deep inside a subduction zone is to examine exhumed metamorphic rocks from ancient subduction zones. These rocks provide a “post-mortem” that allows us to determine the nature of materials within ...
Nazca slab retreat versus compressional deformation in the central
... During Urisperiod, the Andes have experienced a general compressive regime that appears to have beennearly cominuous in the sub-A&an retrosrc foreland. As the short-lived generalixed compressional tcctonic events occurred between longer periods of relative tectonic quiescence, they should correspond ...
... During Urisperiod, the Andes have experienced a general compressive regime that appears to have beennearly cominuous in the sub-A&an retrosrc foreland. As the short-lived generalixed compressional tcctonic events occurred between longer periods of relative tectonic quiescence, they should correspond ...
Geology
... Showa-machi 3173-25, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan Institute for Research on Earth Evolution, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Natsushima 2-15, Yokosuka, Japan ...
... Showa-machi 3173-25, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan Institute for Research on Earth Evolution, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Natsushima 2-15, Yokosuka, Japan ...
Gravity modeling of the lithosphere in the Calatrava
... the existence of a baby-plume detached from an active megaplume below the Canary-Azores Islands and the western Mediterranean. In order to understand better the aforementioned geodynamic scenarios for the origin of the CVP, we address here the study of the lithosphere in the CVP and its vicinity by ...
... the existence of a baby-plume detached from an active megaplume below the Canary-Azores Islands and the western Mediterranean. In order to understand better the aforementioned geodynamic scenarios for the origin of the CVP, we address here the study of the lithosphere in the CVP and its vicinity by ...
Consulta: creatorFacets:"Le Pichon, Xavier" Registros recuperados
... fig. 1b). The role of these currents in the formation of large sediment ripples has been demonstrated in some recent studies [(2), (3)]. As in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the observations suggested that their influence had been of importance since the Eocene era (6). From a sedimentological point o ...
... fig. 1b). The role of these currents in the formation of large sediment ripples has been demonstrated in some recent studies [(2), (3)]. As in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the observations suggested that their influence had been of importance since the Eocene era (6). From a sedimentological point o ...
Decadal variability of the thermohaline circulation.
... horizontally towards the convection sites. The deep flow is constrained by continental boundaries and the bottom topography, so that the flow through deep channels and over sills plays an important role in the spreading of deep waters. Due to the Earth’s rotation the flow is strongly concentrated in ...
... horizontally towards the convection sites. The deep flow is constrained by continental boundaries and the bottom topography, so that the flow through deep channels and over sills plays an important role in the spreading of deep waters. Due to the Earth’s rotation the flow is strongly concentrated in ...
Three-dimensional use of marine habitats by juvenile emperor
... (Fig. 2). From late December to early January, all tracked juveniles entered the IFZ (Fig. 3), while a first tag (ID 67) ceased transmitting on 31 December. The five juveniles still tracked then reached relatively low latitudes from 58.78–54.78S between mid-January and mid-March (Fig. 1). All of the ...
... (Fig. 2). From late December to early January, all tracked juveniles entered the IFZ (Fig. 3), while a first tag (ID 67) ceased transmitting on 31 December. The five juveniles still tracked then reached relatively low latitudes from 58.78–54.78S between mid-January and mid-March (Fig. 1). All of the ...
Types of Metamorphism
... - Similar to regional ocean-floor metamorphism - the aqueous hydrothermal fluids usually transported via fractures and shear zones at some distance either near or far from their source - The yielded rocks are mineralogically and chemically changed than the protolith and ore deposits are occasionally ...
... - Similar to regional ocean-floor metamorphism - the aqueous hydrothermal fluids usually transported via fractures and shear zones at some distance either near or far from their source - The yielded rocks are mineralogically and chemically changed than the protolith and ore deposits are occasionally ...
mantle plumes and hot spots - The Centre for Earth Evolution and
... of hotspots is typically slow compared to plate motions. However, for the Hawaiian hotspot between 80 and 47 million years ago (Ma), inclination of the magnetization of volcanics indicates formation at a palaeolatitude further north than Hawaii, with hotspot motion southward of several centimetres p ...
... of hotspots is typically slow compared to plate motions. However, for the Hawaiian hotspot between 80 and 47 million years ago (Ma), inclination of the magnetization of volcanics indicates formation at a palaeolatitude further north than Hawaii, with hotspot motion southward of several centimetres p ...
Zoned mantle convection
... for long-lived radioactive systems therefore requires that the parent and daughter nuclides, such as 87 Rb{87 Sr, 238 U{206 Pb, 147 Sm{143 Nd and 176 Lu{176 Hf, went for aeons through igneous and surface processes that redistributed them unevenly amongst `reservoirs’ (Armstrong 1968; Hofmann & White ...
... for long-lived radioactive systems therefore requires that the parent and daughter nuclides, such as 87 Rb{87 Sr, 238 U{206 Pb, 147 Sm{143 Nd and 176 Lu{176 Hf, went for aeons through igneous and surface processes that redistributed them unevenly amongst `reservoirs’ (Armstrong 1968; Hofmann & White ...
DRAGONESS_D1.2
... one of the participating countries of international Argo program. It also takes buoy activities within MERSEA in Nordic Seas, Atlantic Ocean and Southern Ocean. China has already established a large-scale, full range survey ship team, to meet the basic needs of the survey, including multi-purpose su ...
... one of the participating countries of international Argo program. It also takes buoy activities within MERSEA in Nordic Seas, Atlantic Ocean and Southern Ocean. China has already established a large-scale, full range survey ship team, to meet the basic needs of the survey, including multi-purpose su ...
Burov, E., Lithosphere, mechanical properties, in
... flexural stress, K(x) is local plate curvature, Ds is differential stress, Zn(x) is neutral plain, and Ts is brittle seismogenic layer. w(x) is vertical plate deflection. V0 and M0 are boundary cutting force and flexural moment, respectively. ...
... flexural stress, K(x) is local plate curvature, Ds is differential stress, Zn(x) is neutral plain, and Ts is brittle seismogenic layer. w(x) is vertical plate deflection. V0 and M0 are boundary cutting force and flexural moment, respectively. ...
Lecture 18
... high-µ), has acquired its distinctive isotopic characteristics through recycling of the oceanic crust. The basis for this argument is the effects of ridge-crest hydrothermal activity, which apparently removes Pb from the oceanic crust, but transfers seawater U (which is ultimately of continental cru ...
... high-µ), has acquired its distinctive isotopic characteristics through recycling of the oceanic crust. The basis for this argument is the effects of ridge-crest hydrothermal activity, which apparently removes Pb from the oceanic crust, but transfers seawater U (which is ultimately of continental cru ...
Plume heads, continental lithosphere, flood
... 1990). At 290 km depth and deeper the upper- The mesosphere, or transition region, is theremantle LV A does not follow the northern MAR gion of the mantle between the two rna jor seismic but is offset to the east, following the central At- discontinuities at 400 and 650 km depth. The lantic hotspots ...
... 1990). At 290 km depth and deeper the upper- The mesosphere, or transition region, is theremantle LV A does not follow the northern MAR gion of the mantle between the two rna jor seismic but is offset to the east, following the central At- discontinuities at 400 and 650 km depth. The lantic hotspots ...
Evidence for melting of garnet pyroxenite in the generation of
... by melting of depleted mantle peridotite, metasomatized or otherwise, then they should possess Osisotope signatures similar to the Hawaiian spinel lherzolites. This is not what we observe. Post-erosional lavas from Oahu and Kauai show large Os-isotopic variations, and extend to values more radiogeni ...
... by melting of depleted mantle peridotite, metasomatized or otherwise, then they should possess Osisotope signatures similar to the Hawaiian spinel lherzolites. This is not what we observe. Post-erosional lavas from Oahu and Kauai show large Os-isotopic variations, and extend to values more radiogeni ...
On the shallow origin of hotspots and the westward drift of the
... Intraplate migrating hotspots, which are unrelated to rifts or plate margins in general, regardless of their origin in the mantle column, indicate relative motion between the lithosphere and the underlying mantle in which the hotspot source is located. Pacific plate hotspots are sufficiently fixed r ...
... Intraplate migrating hotspots, which are unrelated to rifts or plate margins in general, regardless of their origin in the mantle column, indicate relative motion between the lithosphere and the underlying mantle in which the hotspot source is located. Pacific plate hotspots are sufficiently fixed r ...
2013 - MBARI
... eggs in their arms (Figure 3). They carry the eggs down into very deep water and brood them there, away from predators, for as long as nine months. Two more species have since been found to brood their eggs in a similar fashion and it now appears that this behavior may be widespread among deep-water ...
... eggs in their arms (Figure 3). They carry the eggs down into very deep water and brood them there, away from predators, for as long as nine months. Two more species have since been found to brood their eggs in a similar fashion and it now appears that this behavior may be widespread among deep-water ...
Alteration of stress field brought about by the occurrence of... M 9.0) w
... 45◦ , and the latter a fault dipping eastwards at the same angle. In Fig. 3(right), we show the average of CFF obtained for the six cases, i.e. three different depths below the plate interface for each fault dip. We find a pair of positive and negative lobes of CFF parallel to the trench. The cent ...
... 45◦ , and the latter a fault dipping eastwards at the same angle. In Fig. 3(right), we show the average of CFF obtained for the six cases, i.e. three different depths below the plate interface for each fault dip. We find a pair of positive and negative lobes of CFF parallel to the trench. The cent ...
Role of the subducted slab, mantle wedge and
... Melting of mafic lower crust may be the source for adakites in some arcs, but such a source is inconsistent with the high Mg' of AVZ adakites. Also, the AVZ occurs in a region of relatively thin crust (,35 km) within which plagioclase rather than garnet is stable. The source for AVZ adakites is more ...
... Melting of mafic lower crust may be the source for adakites in some arcs, but such a source is inconsistent with the high Mg' of AVZ adakites. Also, the AVZ occurs in a region of relatively thin crust (,35 km) within which plagioclase rather than garnet is stable. The source for AVZ adakites is more ...
Serpentinization of the forearc mantle
... and channels. However, as noted above, in higher temperature subduction zones there may be less £uid available because a larger fraction of the slab dehydration will have occurred before the subducting slab reaches the forearc mantle. ...
... and channels. However, as noted above, in higher temperature subduction zones there may be less £uid available because a larger fraction of the slab dehydration will have occurred before the subducting slab reaches the forearc mantle. ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.