Rheological heterogeneity, mechanical anisotropy
... cratonic nuclei, are characterized by a relatively cold, thick, and consequently stiff lithosphere. On the other hand, rifting may also modify the thermal structure of the lithosphere. Depending on the relative stretching of the crust and upper mantle, a stiff or a weak heterogeneity may develop. Ob ...
... cratonic nuclei, are characterized by a relatively cold, thick, and consequently stiff lithosphere. On the other hand, rifting may also modify the thermal structure of the lithosphere. Depending on the relative stretching of the crust and upper mantle, a stiff or a weak heterogeneity may develop. Ob ...
Workshop Brochure
... The Joint International Workshop of OCCOS and CHOICE-C will bring together expertise and successful experience from the first international workshop of OCCOS (Ocean and Climate Changes Observed from Space) held in Dec. 2008 and the first international workshop on coastal ocean carbon cycling in Mar. ...
... The Joint International Workshop of OCCOS and CHOICE-C will bring together expertise and successful experience from the first international workshop of OCCOS (Ocean and Climate Changes Observed from Space) held in Dec. 2008 and the first international workshop on coastal ocean carbon cycling in Mar. ...
An authoritative global database for active submarine hydrothermal
... Haymon et al., 1991]. Otherwise, the determination is based on distance (e.g., all vent sites within a distance on the order of 1 km and separated from other vents by greater than this distance), depth, and local geological setting. Vent site names are associated with controlled vocabularies for Fea ...
... Haymon et al., 1991]. Otherwise, the determination is based on distance (e.g., all vent sites within a distance on the order of 1 km and separated from other vents by greater than this distance), depth, and local geological setting. Vent site names are associated with controlled vocabularies for Fea ...
vauchez_etal_rheology_1998_hal
... cratonic nuclei, are characterized by a relatively cold, thick, and consequently stiff lithosphere. On the other hand, rifting may also modify the thermal structure of the lithosphere. Depending on the relative stretching of the crust and upper mantle, a stiff or a weak heterogeneity may develop. Ob ...
... cratonic nuclei, are characterized by a relatively cold, thick, and consequently stiff lithosphere. On the other hand, rifting may also modify the thermal structure of the lithosphere. Depending on the relative stretching of the crust and upper mantle, a stiff or a weak heterogeneity may develop. Ob ...
Rheological heterogeneity, mechanical anisotropy and
... cratonic nuclei, are characterized by a relatively cold, thick, and consequently stiff lithosphere. On the other hand, rifting may also modify the thermal structure of the lithosphere. Depending on the relative stretching of the crust and upper mantle, a stiff or a weak heterogeneity may develop. Ob ...
... cratonic nuclei, are characterized by a relatively cold, thick, and consequently stiff lithosphere. On the other hand, rifting may also modify the thermal structure of the lithosphere. Depending on the relative stretching of the crust and upper mantle, a stiff or a weak heterogeneity may develop. Ob ...
GEOTRACES National Reports - Scientific Committee on Oceanic
... mineral dust and biomass burning emissions. The research investigated differences in atmospheric iron solubility over tropical northern Australia, the Southern Ocean and in Antarctic snowfall. These locations were used to investigate iron in aerosols transported over continental and marine areas at ...
... mineral dust and biomass burning emissions. The research investigated differences in atmospheric iron solubility over tropical northern Australia, the Southern Ocean and in Antarctic snowfall. These locations were used to investigate iron in aerosols transported over continental and marine areas at ...
GEO144_mid_term_I_so..
... B) transform fault aligned with the Red Sea carrying the Arabian and African blocks in opposite directions C) continental rift along which parts of the African continent are beginning to slowly separate D) fault allowing Arabia to slip westward past east Africa and penetrate into Turkey (1) 2 pts. C ...
... B) transform fault aligned with the Red Sea carrying the Arabian and African blocks in opposite directions C) continental rift along which parts of the African continent are beginning to slowly separate D) fault allowing Arabia to slip westward past east Africa and penetrate into Turkey (1) 2 pts. C ...
EPSL94HokeHelium3Alt.. - University of Colorado Boulder
... these volatiles to the surface. It is in this context that the present study was undertaken. The presence of an unequivocal tracer of mantle volatiles in regions of thick crust, such as 3He, would be a clear and unambiguous indication of mantle melting on a regional scale and of the mode of both lit ...
... these volatiles to the surface. It is in this context that the present study was undertaken. The presence of an unequivocal tracer of mantle volatiles in regions of thick crust, such as 3He, would be a clear and unambiguous indication of mantle melting on a regional scale and of the mode of both lit ...
An enhanced image of the PamirHindu Kush
... The ISC lists 9127 events within the region bounded by 30^420N and 68^780E for the period 1964^1992. All events for which ISC reported fewer than six P-wave arrival times were discarded, leaving 7151 events of which 5904 were successfully relocated. 3260 events were relocated with 90 per cent con¢de ...
... The ISC lists 9127 events within the region bounded by 30^420N and 68^780E for the period 1964^1992. All events for which ISC reported fewer than six P-wave arrival times were discarded, leaving 7151 events of which 5904 were successfully relocated. 3260 events were relocated with 90 per cent con¢de ...
01 WGMS - Report of the Working Group on Marine Sediments in
... By being in Oostende, two members of the Marine Chemistry Working Group (including the Chair) were able to attend much of our meeting, and provided the following feedback of relevance to WGMS from their meeting of the previous week. MCWG discussed on CTTEE 12-2016-03 Proposal for a Commission Decisi ...
... By being in Oostende, two members of the Marine Chemistry Working Group (including the Chair) were able to attend much of our meeting, and provided the following feedback of relevance to WGMS from their meeting of the previous week. MCWG discussed on CTTEE 12-2016-03 Proposal for a Commission Decisi ...
Plate rotation during continental collision and its relationship with
... respect to Laurentia, consistent with paleomagnetic data from other studies. Our model may have applications to other orogens with regional UHP terranes, such as the Dabie Shan and Papua New Guinea cases, where block rotation during exhumation has also been recorded. ...
... respect to Laurentia, consistent with paleomagnetic data from other studies. Our model may have applications to other orogens with regional UHP terranes, such as the Dabie Shan and Papua New Guinea cases, where block rotation during exhumation has also been recorded. ...
Subduction zones: observations and
... are isothermal free-slip boundaries, the fluid is internally heated, and the viscosity is temperature dependent. The initial temperature field has a square root of age plate thermal field on the left side of the box and a uniform boundary layer on the right side of the box. Weak material zones allow ...
... are isothermal free-slip boundaries, the fluid is internally heated, and the viscosity is temperature dependent. The initial temperature field has a square root of age plate thermal field on the left side of the box and a uniform boundary layer on the right side of the box. Weak material zones allow ...
Oceanography 1 Workbook Instructor: Katryn Wiese - FOG
... click on the course you’re taking. Upon completion of this course a student will be able to: A. Apply the plate tectonics theory to the origin, evolution, and features of ocean margins and basins and ocean crust. B. Analyze and interpret the origin, distribution, and evolution of ocean sediment. C. ...
... click on the course you’re taking. Upon completion of this course a student will be able to: A. Apply the plate tectonics theory to the origin, evolution, and features of ocean margins and basins and ocean crust. B. Analyze and interpret the origin, distribution, and evolution of ocean sediment. C. ...
Ocean Science - International Science Center
... in temperature that occur in this zone, both in the latitude and each season. The sea surface temperatures range from as high as 97°F (36°C) in the Persian Gulf to 28°F (-2°C) near the north pole. The sea surface temperature also "follows the sun". From the earth' s perspective, the sun's position i ...
... in temperature that occur in this zone, both in the latitude and each season. The sea surface temperatures range from as high as 97°F (36°C) in the Persian Gulf to 28°F (-2°C) near the north pole. The sea surface temperature also "follows the sun". From the earth' s perspective, the sun's position i ...
“The “plate” model for the genesis of melting anomalies”
... questioning its fundamental validity and subjecting it to rigorous tests (Foulger et al., 2005c; Foulger, 2006a). The concept of a global “hotspot” phenomenon emerged shortly after plate tectonic theory had been established (Anderson and Natland, 2005; Glen, 2005). Plate tectonics provided an elegan ...
... questioning its fundamental validity and subjecting it to rigorous tests (Foulger et al., 2005c; Foulger, 2006a). The concept of a global “hotspot” phenomenon emerged shortly after plate tectonic theory had been established (Anderson and Natland, 2005; Glen, 2005). Plate tectonics provided an elegan ...
Support of high elevation in the southern Basin and Range based
... To explore the nature of how the structure and physical properties of the crust vary from extended to relatively unextended domains we present teleseismic receiver functions which measure crustal thickness, shear wavespeed structure and the Vp/Vs ratio at 12 seismic stations in eastern Arizona. The ...
... To explore the nature of how the structure and physical properties of the crust vary from extended to relatively unextended domains we present teleseismic receiver functions which measure crustal thickness, shear wavespeed structure and the Vp/Vs ratio at 12 seismic stations in eastern Arizona. The ...
PNAS-2014-Anderson-1..
... detail, they also violate the first and second laws of thermodynamics because they require noncooling boundaries and external sources of energy, material, and information (e.g., Maxwell demons); that is, the model planets are not closed, isolated, selforganizing systems living off of their own resou ...
... detail, they also violate the first and second laws of thermodynamics because they require noncooling boundaries and external sources of energy, material, and information (e.g., Maxwell demons); that is, the model planets are not closed, isolated, selforganizing systems living off of their own resou ...
Testimony By Admiral James D. Watkins, U.S. Navy (Retired)
... globe, marine toxins afflict more than 90,000 people annually and are responsible for an estimated 62 percent of all seafood-related illnesses. Harmful algal blooms appear to be occurring more frequently in our coastal waters and non-native species are increasingly invading marine ecosystems. Exper ...
... globe, marine toxins afflict more than 90,000 people annually and are responsible for an estimated 62 percent of all seafood-related illnesses. Harmful algal blooms appear to be occurring more frequently in our coastal waters and non-native species are increasingly invading marine ecosystems. Exper ...
Dynamics of continental collision: influence of the plate contact
... nature, there is ample evidence that continental crust may have experienced pressure of about 30–35 kbar. The evidence comes from ultra-high pressure metamorphic minerals (e.g. coesite, diamond) revealing subduction of continental crust to mantle depth and subsequent exhumation (e.g. Smith 1984; Lio ...
... nature, there is ample evidence that continental crust may have experienced pressure of about 30–35 kbar. The evidence comes from ultra-high pressure metamorphic minerals (e.g. coesite, diamond) revealing subduction of continental crust to mantle depth and subsequent exhumation (e.g. Smith 1984; Lio ...
Are `hot spots` - Durham University Community
... petrological approaches, modelling bathymetry and topography, and measuring heat flow. Investigations have been carried out in many areas postulated to represent either (hot) plume heads or (hotter) tails. These include sections of the mid-ocean spreading ridge postulated to include ridge-centred plu ...
... petrological approaches, modelling bathymetry and topography, and measuring heat flow. Investigations have been carried out in many areas postulated to represent either (hot) plume heads or (hotter) tails. These include sections of the mid-ocean spreading ridge postulated to include ridge-centred plu ...
Applications of Geophysical Information to the Design of a
... habitats and bioregions in order to inform managers of the diversity of major ecosystems which may be represented in MPAs. In the southeast region, eleven “Broad Areas Of Interest” (BAOI) were first identified to help focus attention on areas that contain the greatest diversity of geomorphological f ...
... habitats and bioregions in order to inform managers of the diversity of major ecosystems which may be represented in MPAs. In the southeast region, eleven “Broad Areas Of Interest” (BAOI) were first identified to help focus attention on areas that contain the greatest diversity of geomorphological f ...
Some remarks on subduction zones - Dipartimento di Scienze della
... m-1 (e.g., Turcotte and Schubert, 2002). This is a force per unit length parallel to the trench. However this value is very small when compared to other energetic sources for Earth, such the energy dissipated by tidal friction, heat flow emission, and Earth’s rotation (e.g., Denis et al., 2002). Mor ...
... m-1 (e.g., Turcotte and Schubert, 2002). This is a force per unit length parallel to the trench. However this value is very small when compared to other energetic sources for Earth, such the energy dissipated by tidal friction, heat flow emission, and Earth’s rotation (e.g., Denis et al., 2002). Mor ...
Swimming Sea Cucumbers
... Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. ...
... Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. ...
Densities of metapelitic rocks at high to ultrahigh
... at corresponding depths. However, this could be a prejudice based on the situation at shallower depths where many ordinary rocks such as orthogneisses, consisting mainly of quartz and feldspar, have, indeed, densities still below a value of 3.0 g/cm3. However, simplified calculations for specific cr ...
... at corresponding depths. However, this could be a prejudice based on the situation at shallower depths where many ordinary rocks such as orthogneisses, consisting mainly of quartz and feldspar, have, indeed, densities still below a value of 3.0 g/cm3. However, simplified calculations for specific cr ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.