1. Earth`s plates are made up of the crust and the upper mantle
... 1. Earth's plates are made up of the crust and the upper mantle, called the _____. a) subduction zone b) transform fault c) asthenosphere d) lithosphere 2. Which form of stress results from opposite and equal forces that do not act along the same line? a) shear b) fault c) fold d) tension 3. Tectoni ...
... 1. Earth's plates are made up of the crust and the upper mantle, called the _____. a) subduction zone b) transform fault c) asthenosphere d) lithosphere 2. Which form of stress results from opposite and equal forces that do not act along the same line? a) shear b) fault c) fold d) tension 3. Tectoni ...
Interior Earth vocabulary.xlsx
... gas or liquid; in Earth's mantle, convection is thought to transfer energy by the motion of solid rock, which when under great heat and pressure can move like a liquid. A circulation pattern in which material is heated and rises in one area, then cools and sinks in another area, flowing in a continu ...
... gas or liquid; in Earth's mantle, convection is thought to transfer energy by the motion of solid rock, which when under great heat and pressure can move like a liquid. A circulation pattern in which material is heated and rises in one area, then cools and sinks in another area, flowing in a continu ...
Plate Tectonics slideshow
... a. The continents have always been where they are now. b. Today’s continents were once part of a single land mass that split apart. c. The continents are made of rock. d. The continents will one day join to form a single continent. ...
... a. The continents have always been where they are now. b. Today’s continents were once part of a single land mass that split apart. c. The continents are made of rock. d. The continents will one day join to form a single continent. ...
17.3 Plate Boundaries The evidence of seafloor spreading
... subduction. There are three types of convergent boundaries classified according to the type of crust involved. Crust is destroyed at convergent boundaries. Oceanic – oceanic this is when one oceanic plate, which is denser than the other, subducts beneath another oceanic plate. The subduction process ...
... subduction. There are three types of convergent boundaries classified according to the type of crust involved. Crust is destroyed at convergent boundaries. Oceanic – oceanic this is when one oceanic plate, which is denser than the other, subducts beneath another oceanic plate. The subduction process ...
Lecture Notes – Chapter 9
... Wegener’s theory ____________ the mid-_______’s, when structures on the ________________________ of a mechanism for the _________ of continents. Convection Current: Movement of ______________ (a fluid) caused by changes in ___________________ or temperature. Draw a convection current Earth’s Major ...
... Wegener’s theory ____________ the mid-_______’s, when structures on the ________________________ of a mechanism for the _________ of continents. Convection Current: Movement of ______________ (a fluid) caused by changes in ___________________ or temperature. Draw a convection current Earth’s Major ...
Ch.2 Tectonics
... and overlying crust) The lithosphere overlies a weaker region in the mantle called the asthenosphere. The plates move relative to each other at a very slow but continuous rate and the rates ...
... and overlying crust) The lithosphere overlies a weaker region in the mantle called the asthenosphere. The plates move relative to each other at a very slow but continuous rate and the rates ...
CH 2 Notes Floor Etc Student Notetaker
... In the Atlantic Ocean, thick layers of undisturbed sediment cover the continental margin. This region has very little volcanic or earthquake activity. ...
... In the Atlantic Ocean, thick layers of undisturbed sediment cover the continental margin. This region has very little volcanic or earthquake activity. ...
Ch4and5ReviewJeopardyGame
... The continents once formed a single landmass, broke apart, and drifted into their current positions. ...
... The continents once formed a single landmass, broke apart, and drifted into their current positions. ...
Everyone has probably heard of the water cycle at the Earth`s
... and rain. However there is also a water cycle within the Earth, where the exchange happens between the sea and the solid Earth. The most important step in this lesserknown cycle is when water trapped in the oceanic crust is returned to the deep interior at subduction zo ...
... and rain. However there is also a water cycle within the Earth, where the exchange happens between the sea and the solid Earth. The most important step in this lesserknown cycle is when water trapped in the oceanic crust is returned to the deep interior at subduction zo ...
Plate Tectonics 1
... • Sea floor increases in age and is more deeply buried by sediment away from the ridge because sediments have had a longer time to collect. • Rates of sea-floor spreading vary from 1 to 10 cm per year for each side of the ridge and can be determined by dating magnetic anomaly stripes of the sea floo ...
... • Sea floor increases in age and is more deeply buried by sediment away from the ridge because sediments have had a longer time to collect. • Rates of sea-floor spreading vary from 1 to 10 cm per year for each side of the ridge and can be determined by dating magnetic anomaly stripes of the sea floo ...
GLY 150 Exam #1 STUDY GUIDE
... shelf break, continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain, abyssal hills, oceanic ridge, trench and volcanic arc on a diagram of the marine physiographic provinces. What is the difference between an active and passive continental margin? Know examples of each type. How do submarine canyons for ...
... shelf break, continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain, abyssal hills, oceanic ridge, trench and volcanic arc on a diagram of the marine physiographic provinces. What is the difference between an active and passive continental margin? Know examples of each type. How do submarine canyons for ...
L. Ciasto`s presentation notes: overview - geo.uni
... Water is advected north into the Labrador and GIN seas where its cooled Relatively cold salty water creates unstable surface layer and sinks North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) DWF occurs in North Atlantic but not North Pacific ...
... Water is advected north into the Labrador and GIN seas where its cooled Relatively cold salty water creates unstable surface layer and sinks North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) DWF occurs in North Atlantic but not North Pacific ...
Oceanographer publishes atlas of seafloor volcanoes
... roughly 40,000-mile mountain chain of underwater volcanoes that cross the world's oceans. Kelley was lead author of the chapter on hydrothermal vents, including the black smokers venting metal-rich fluids of more than 700 F that she has studied for decades. Local examples include the Endeavour vent ...
... roughly 40,000-mile mountain chain of underwater volcanoes that cross the world's oceans. Kelley was lead author of the chapter on hydrothermal vents, including the black smokers venting metal-rich fluids of more than 700 F that she has studied for decades. Local examples include the Endeavour vent ...
Semester 1 Unit 2 Review
... (Ch. 4&5) Plate Tectonics and Crust Deformation 1. List the continents. The largest single land mass is made up of what two continents? ...
... (Ch. 4&5) Plate Tectonics and Crust Deformation 1. List the continents. The largest single land mass is made up of what two continents? ...
Marine Environments
... As a result one end reaches the shallow water before the other causing bending. ...
... As a result one end reaches the shallow water before the other causing bending. ...
Powerpoint Presentation Physical Geology, 10/e
... parallel to the edge of a continent or an island arc • deepest parts of the oceans • Benioff zone earthquake foci begin at trenches and dip landward under continents or island arcs • volcanoes found above upper part of Benioff zone arranged in long belts parallel to trenches • marked by very low hea ...
... parallel to the edge of a continent or an island arc • deepest parts of the oceans • Benioff zone earthquake foci begin at trenches and dip landward under continents or island arcs • volcanoes found above upper part of Benioff zone arranged in long belts parallel to trenches • marked by very low hea ...
Ecology of polar oceans
... Ocean ecosystem can be divided into two main systems: 1) Open ocean – up to 90% of the world ocean surface, epipelagic, ...
... Ocean ecosystem can be divided into two main systems: 1) Open ocean – up to 90% of the world ocean surface, epipelagic, ...
Ocean life
... • Water depth • Pelagic zone – open ocean of any depth • Benthic zone – includes any sea-bottom surface • Abyssal zone – a subdivision of the benthic zone • Deep • Extremely high water pressure • Low temperatures ...
... • Water depth • Pelagic zone – open ocean of any depth • Benthic zone – includes any sea-bottom surface • Abyssal zone – a subdivision of the benthic zone • Deep • Extremely high water pressure • Low temperatures ...
Continental Drift - Monroe County Schools
... was relatively flat & featureless. •19th century measurements improved, discovery of underwater mountains in the mid Atlantic Ocean. •After World War I early sonar showed the ocean floor to be much more rugged than was previously thought. •In 1947 the survey ship Atlantis found that the sediment lay ...
... was relatively flat & featureless. •19th century measurements improved, discovery of underwater mountains in the mid Atlantic Ocean. •After World War I early sonar showed the ocean floor to be much more rugged than was previously thought. •In 1947 the survey ship Atlantis found that the sediment lay ...
Vocabulary Review Concept Review Summary of Key
... photosynthetic protists. Zooplankton, microscopic animals, eat phytoplankton. At hydrogen sulfide vents near mid-ocean ridges, hydrogen sulfide-eating bacteria, rather than sunlight-using phytoplankton, are the basis of the chain. Dissolved oxygen is most abundant near the ocean surface and decrease ...
... photosynthetic protists. Zooplankton, microscopic animals, eat phytoplankton. At hydrogen sulfide vents near mid-ocean ridges, hydrogen sulfide-eating bacteria, rather than sunlight-using phytoplankton, are the basis of the chain. Dissolved oxygen is most abundant near the ocean surface and decrease ...
Quiz 4: Transform faults and Polar Wander (Ch. 4
... Higher heat flow - thinner brittle layer/seismogenic zone, most of crust is ductile/plastic. ...
... Higher heat flow - thinner brittle layer/seismogenic zone, most of crust is ductile/plastic. ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.