Plate Boundaries
... • 2 plates are moving toward each other (sometimes called collision boundaries) • Occur where convections currents in the ...
... • 2 plates are moving toward each other (sometimes called collision boundaries) • Occur where convections currents in the ...
Plate Tectonics
... This evidence gave a mechanism for movement to WEGENER’S IDEA that the continents were once joined in a continent called Pangaea! ...
... This evidence gave a mechanism for movement to WEGENER’S IDEA that the continents were once joined in a continent called Pangaea! ...
Learning Targets Answer Key
... 11. What force causes tectonic plates to move and where does it occur? Convection currents of heated rock in Earth’s mantle is the force that causes tectonic plates to move. 12. Illustrate and describe the plate movement at convergent boundaries. 1. Tectonic Plates collide at convergent boundaries 1 ...
... 11. What force causes tectonic plates to move and where does it occur? Convection currents of heated rock in Earth’s mantle is the force that causes tectonic plates to move. 12. Illustrate and describe the plate movement at convergent boundaries. 1. Tectonic Plates collide at convergent boundaries 1 ...
File
... cracks – it solidifies (becomes solid) and forms new seafloor 4. The seafloor that is carried away from the ridge, cools, contracts, and becomes more dense than the asthenosphere below it 5. The seafloor begins to sink downward forming trenches The theory of seafloor spreading was later shown to b ...
... cracks – it solidifies (becomes solid) and forms new seafloor 4. The seafloor that is carried away from the ridge, cools, contracts, and becomes more dense than the asthenosphere below it 5. The seafloor begins to sink downward forming trenches The theory of seafloor spreading was later shown to b ...
V.V. Beloussov (1907-1990) Famous opponent of plate tectonics
... Not a member of the Communist party but is described as a Russian Nationalist Studied the East Africa Rift and became convinced that continental regions can become oceanic regions through infiltration of mafic magma and chemical transformation of crust (oceanization) Belossov interpreted Earth histo ...
... Not a member of the Communist party but is described as a Russian Nationalist Studied the East Africa Rift and became convinced that continental regions can become oceanic regions through infiltration of mafic magma and chemical transformation of crust (oceanization) Belossov interpreted Earth histo ...
The Ocean Floor
... water, and they form the continental shelves. These shelves slope outward very gently towards the ocean depths. In some places these shelves go out a long way, up to 900 miles: In other places the shelves are much narrower. These shelves are fairly smooth because debris from the land is falling onto ...
... water, and they form the continental shelves. These shelves slope outward very gently towards the ocean depths. In some places these shelves go out a long way, up to 900 miles: In other places the shelves are much narrower. These shelves are fairly smooth because debris from the land is falling onto ...
Term and Lanform - Madison Public Schools
... Theory of Plate Tectonics Text pg. 202 - 205 Occurs at midocean ridges. Ridges are at a higher elevation than at the subduction zone. The oceanic lithosphere slides downhill due to the force of gravity as rock cools and becomes more dense. ...
... Theory of Plate Tectonics Text pg. 202 - 205 Occurs at midocean ridges. Ridges are at a higher elevation than at the subduction zone. The oceanic lithosphere slides downhill due to the force of gravity as rock cools and becomes more dense. ...
File
... • From seismic and other geophysical evidence and laboratory experiments, scientists agree with the theory that the plate-driving force is the slow movement of hot, softened mantle that lies below the rigid plates • Below the lithospheric plates, at some depth the mantle is partially molten and can ...
... • From seismic and other geophysical evidence and laboratory experiments, scientists agree with the theory that the plate-driving force is the slow movement of hot, softened mantle that lies below the rigid plates • Below the lithospheric plates, at some depth the mantle is partially molten and can ...
PPT file
... But along with this comes small spreading centers (less intense than midridges and rises) called “Back-Arc Basins”. ...
... But along with this comes small spreading centers (less intense than midridges and rises) called “Back-Arc Basins”. ...
1 Crustal Structure, Isostasy, and Rheology Introduction This lecture
... It provides an explanation for the increase in the thickness of the elastic layer as the lithosphere ages and cools. In addition, it is used to understand the depth of oceanic trenches. The first moment of the yield strength versus depth provides an upper bound on the magnitude of the bending moment ...
... It provides an explanation for the increase in the thickness of the elastic layer as the lithosphere ages and cools. In addition, it is used to understand the depth of oceanic trenches. The first moment of the yield strength versus depth provides an upper bound on the magnitude of the bending moment ...
Lecture C - Ocean Crust and Ophiolites
... Ophiolites have long been regarded as remnants of ancient oceanic crust formed at spreading centers that have been thrust up on land. Top diagram shows the spreading center colliding with a subduction zone. As the two ...
... Ophiolites have long been regarded as remnants of ancient oceanic crust formed at spreading centers that have been thrust up on land. Top diagram shows the spreading center colliding with a subduction zone. As the two ...
Types of Plate Boundaries
... Ocean-Ocean CPB Characteristics • Plate made of ocean crust is being destroyed by subducting under another plate of ocean crust. • Also called a subduction zone. • The older, colder crust will be subducted because it is more dense. • Large (9.0+) powerful earthquakes with tsunamis are common. • Ear ...
... Ocean-Ocean CPB Characteristics • Plate made of ocean crust is being destroyed by subducting under another plate of ocean crust. • Also called a subduction zone. • The older, colder crust will be subducted because it is more dense. • Large (9.0+) powerful earthquakes with tsunamis are common. • Ear ...
Chapter 2
... Some of the larval stages of krill feed on algae that grow on the lower surface of sea ice. One of the factors that determines the annual abundance of krill is the extent of sea ice in winter. Along the northern half of the Antarctic Peninsula there has been an 80% decline in krill abundance in the ...
... Some of the larval stages of krill feed on algae that grow on the lower surface of sea ice. One of the factors that determines the annual abundance of krill is the extent of sea ice in winter. Along the northern half of the Antarctic Peninsula there has been an 80% decline in krill abundance in the ...
Ocean Basins - University of Washington
... volcanic eruptions create new ocean crust hot basalt, thermal expansion creates elevation moves away from ridge axis in both directions Abyssal basins water depth – 4000-6000 m (only trenches are deeper) abyssal hills, include rough relief from volcanic formation abyssal plains, smooth surface due t ...
... volcanic eruptions create new ocean crust hot basalt, thermal expansion creates elevation moves away from ridge axis in both directions Abyssal basins water depth – 4000-6000 m (only trenches are deeper) abyssal hills, include rough relief from volcanic formation abyssal plains, smooth surface due t ...
Earth`s Crust in Motion – Study Guide
... Heat from the core and the mantle itself causes convection currents in the mantle. ...
... Heat from the core and the mantle itself causes convection currents in the mantle. ...
Sea Floor Spreading
... Ocean crust is much younger (less than 280 million years old) than the continental crust (up to 4 billion years old) Thermal convection from the mantel drives continental drift and sea floor spreading − Plate Tectonics New ocean crust formed in rifts (for example the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) as the sea f ...
... Ocean crust is much younger (less than 280 million years old) than the continental crust (up to 4 billion years old) Thermal convection from the mantel drives continental drift and sea floor spreading − Plate Tectonics New ocean crust formed in rifts (for example the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) as the sea f ...
Vocabulary Quiz #26 4/4/11- 4/8/11
... Vocabulary Quiz #26 4/4/11- 4/8/11 1. continental drift- the hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth’s surface. 2. convection currents- the movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers thermal energy from one place to another. 3. mid-ocean ridge- the unde ...
... Vocabulary Quiz #26 4/4/11- 4/8/11 1. continental drift- the hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth’s surface. 2. convection currents- the movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers thermal energy from one place to another. 3. mid-ocean ridge- the unde ...
3 - Sea Floor Spreading
... – Why is there so little sediment deposited on the ocean floor? If the oceans have existed for at least 4 billion years, as most geologists believed, shouldn’t there be more? – Why are fossils found on the seafloor no more than 180 million years old? Marine fossils in sedimentary rocks on land -- so ...
... – Why is there so little sediment deposited on the ocean floor? If the oceans have existed for at least 4 billion years, as most geologists believed, shouldn’t there be more? – Why are fossils found on the seafloor no more than 180 million years old? Marine fossils in sedimentary rocks on land -- so ...
CH 9 Plate tectonics
... [oceanic] dives below) Ocean trench forms offshore Continental volcanic arcs Ex: Cascades, Andes ...
... [oceanic] dives below) Ocean trench forms offshore Continental volcanic arcs Ex: Cascades, Andes ...
Geology Module: Seismic Interior Lecture Outline
... B. P waves are bent and slowed upon entering the outer core, producing a shadow zone, and S waves cannot pass through liquids. Thus, geologists concluded the outer core is molten. C. Sea-floor spreading refers to the creation of new sea floor at the oceanic ridges along with its conveyor belt moveme ...
... B. P waves are bent and slowed upon entering the outer core, producing a shadow zone, and S waves cannot pass through liquids. Thus, geologists concluded the outer core is molten. C. Sea-floor spreading refers to the creation of new sea floor at the oceanic ridges along with its conveyor belt moveme ...
Inside Earth Chapter 1 Plate Tectonics Study Guide Notes
... - He said that at the mid-ocean ridge, molten materials rise from the mantle and erupt. The molten material then spreads out pushing older rock to both sides of the ridge. - Hess called the process that continually adds new material to the ocean floor sea-floor spreading. Evidence to support Sea-flo ...
... - He said that at the mid-ocean ridge, molten materials rise from the mantle and erupt. The molten material then spreads out pushing older rock to both sides of the ridge. - Hess called the process that continually adds new material to the ocean floor sea-floor spreading. Evidence to support Sea-flo ...
Plate Tectonics
... The Great Rift Valley in eastern Africa is becoming a divergent plate boundary. Iceland is also. ...
... The Great Rift Valley in eastern Africa is becoming a divergent plate boundary. Iceland is also. ...
Study Guide for The Theory of Plate Tectonics Chapter 3
... Mid Ocean Ridges: Long chains of mountains that rise up out of the seafloor. They are mostly made of basalt that comes from underwater volcanoes called seamounts. Sonar: A device that uses sound waves to determine the distance to something. Sonar was used to discover mountains on the sea-floor. Sea- ...
... Mid Ocean Ridges: Long chains of mountains that rise up out of the seafloor. They are mostly made of basalt that comes from underwater volcanoes called seamounts. Sonar: A device that uses sound waves to determine the distance to something. Sonar was used to discover mountains on the sea-floor. Sea- ...
Layers of the Earth
... The top layers of the mantle are hot enough to be plastic or semi-liquid, which allows it to… FLOW ...
... The top layers of the mantle are hot enough to be plastic or semi-liquid, which allows it to… FLOW ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.