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Theory
Plate Tectonics
How the
crust is
Deformed
Results of Stress
Misc.
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Continental
Drift
What was the name of the
hypothesis proposed by Alfred
Wegener?
Continental Drift
What is the theory of continental
drift?
The continents once formed a single
landmass, broke apart, and drifted
into their current positions.
According to the theory of
continental drift, South America was
once joined to which continent?
Africa
Two types of crust that make up the
earth’s surface?
oceanic and continental crust
Diagram ALL the components of a
reverse fault.
correct team, place diagram on board
Explain the theory of Plate tectonics
The theory that the lithosphere is
made up of plates that float on the
asthenosphere and that the plate are
moved by convection within the
mantle.
What is a plate boundary called
where one plate slides under
another?
Convergent Plate Boundary –
Subduction Zone
The zone of mantle beneath the
lithosphere that consists of slowly
flowing rock.
asthensophere
Where do convection currents
occur?
asthenosphere
(part of the mantle)
Explain a divergent plate boundary.
Two tectonic plates are moving away
from each other.
Isostatic adjustment can occur as a
result of?
The crust adjusting to changes in
density or mass.
(From ice sheets melting or where bodies of
water deposit large amounts of sediment.)
What is a major cause for crustal
deformation?
Movement of earth’s lithospheric
plates
Explain the term stress and name the
three main types of stress in rocks.
Stress is a force that applies pressure
to the rocks in the earth’s crust. The
3 types are compression, tension and
shearing.
What is a change in the shape or
volume of crustal rock due to stress
called?
strain
What is the balance of the up and
down forces between the crust and
the mantle called?
isostasy
What is the permanent deformation
of a rock without the rock bending
called?
folding
A fault is a break in rock along
which rocks on either side of the
break move. There are 4 types of
faults. Name and explain each one!
1. Normal Fault- The hanging wall slides down the
fault plane
2. Reverse fault- compression causes the hanging wall
to move up the fault relative to the foot wall.
3. Thrust fault- special type of reverse fault, fault plane
is at a low angle or nearly horizontal.
4. Strike slip fault- rock on either side of fault plane
slides horizontally.
Draw a diagram illustrating a
hanging wall.
If the diagram is correct, place on
board and explain to the class.
Draw a diagram of a fault plane.
If correct, place on the board and
explain.
Explain an anticline.
A general type of fold, which are
upcurved folds in the layers of rock.
Explain seafloor spreading and
where it occurs.
Seafloor spreading is where new
ocean floors is being created along a
mid-ocean ridge, and it occurs at
divergent boundaries.
What forms at subducted plate
boundaries?
Trenches and volcanoes
As rock moves away from a midocean ridge it is replaced by?
Molten rock (lava)
The type of collision that occurs
when two lithospheric plates
converge is determined primarily by
plate ___________.
density
Describe what happens when
oceanic crust collides with
continental crust. If necessary draw
a diagram.
Oceanic crust subducts below the
continental crust, forming a trench.
The oceanic crust then melts and
will cause volcanoes to form.