Thermal history of the Earth and its petrological expression
... The compositions of basaltic rocks of Phanerozoic age have been used to evaluate the MgO and FeO contents of their primary magmas, which are partial melt products of the mantle. Primary magma compositions are important to constrain because their MgO and FeO contents increase with mantle potential te ...
... The compositions of basaltic rocks of Phanerozoic age have been used to evaluate the MgO and FeO contents of their primary magmas, which are partial melt products of the mantle. Primary magma compositions are important to constrain because their MgO and FeO contents increase with mantle potential te ...
Absolute plate motions and regional subduction evolution
... while subduction dynamics are driving plate motion [Funiciello et al., 2008; Schellart and Moresi, 2013; Capitanio et al., 2010; Garel et al. 2014; Magni et al., 2014]. It is generally observed that the motion of subducting and overriding plates and the viscous coupling between slab and mantle plays ...
... while subduction dynamics are driving plate motion [Funiciello et al., 2008; Schellart and Moresi, 2013; Capitanio et al., 2010; Garel et al. 2014; Magni et al., 2014]. It is generally observed that the motion of subducting and overriding plates and the viscous coupling between slab and mantle plays ...
Thesis pdf
... characterization of the present-day lithospheric structure of the Zagros and the HimalayanTibetan orogens and the role of the lithospheric structure and rheology in the accommodation of the deformation related to the Arabia and India convergence against Eurasia. By combining geophysical and petrolog ...
... characterization of the present-day lithospheric structure of the Zagros and the HimalayanTibetan orogens and the role of the lithospheric structure and rheology in the accommodation of the deformation related to the Arabia and India convergence against Eurasia. By combining geophysical and petrolog ...
Terrestrial planet evolution in the stagnant
... mode of convection with strongly temperature-dependent viscosity. Given considerable uncertainty surrounding the dependency of mantle rheology on pressure, we choose to focus on the end-member case of pressure-independent potential viscosity, where viscosity does not change with depth along an adiab ...
... mode of convection with strongly temperature-dependent viscosity. Given considerable uncertainty surrounding the dependency of mantle rheology on pressure, we choose to focus on the end-member case of pressure-independent potential viscosity, where viscosity does not change with depth along an adiab ...
Some remarks about the degree-one deformation of the Earth
... Moon (Wilhelm 1983; Dahlen 1993). This source is very different from the loading excitation. In fact, the reference frame related to the Earth’s centre of mass moves with respect to the centre of mass of the Earth-Moon system. The resulting acceleration could be detected with gravimeters, for exampl ...
... Moon (Wilhelm 1983; Dahlen 1993). This source is very different from the loading excitation. In fact, the reference frame related to the Earth’s centre of mass moves with respect to the centre of mass of the Earth-Moon system. The resulting acceleration could be detected with gravimeters, for exampl ...
Title: Energy Partitioning of Seismic Waves in Fractured Rocks
... because of wave conversions that occur at interfaces. ...
... because of wave conversions that occur at interfaces. ...
34 - School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
... The formation of Earth’s crust @ What is the crust made of? Recalling the Goldschmidt classification scheme... G Lithophiles are abundant in the crust. Most of these elements form mostly ionic bonds; most are large ions. G Siderophiles (with metallic bonding) are much less abundant in the crust. The ...
... The formation of Earth’s crust @ What is the crust made of? Recalling the Goldschmidt classification scheme... G Lithophiles are abundant in the crust. Most of these elements form mostly ionic bonds; most are large ions. G Siderophiles (with metallic bonding) are much less abundant in the crust. The ...
geological-geophysical exploration of the bauxite deposits
... the demarcations of wave reflection in the subsurface by consecutive measurements; this favourably influences the final processing results in terms of the improvement of the signal-noise ratio. Not getting into the field techniques itself, it should be mentioned that the measurement parameters were ...
... the demarcations of wave reflection in the subsurface by consecutive measurements; this favourably influences the final processing results in terms of the improvement of the signal-noise ratio. Not getting into the field techniques itself, it should be mentioned that the measurement parameters were ...
For several decades single-component seismic reflection methods
... 3D PS reflection. It has been found that the PS surfaceconsistent statics method may produce incorrect solutions in some statics environments. This is caused by errors in the horizon picking stage which lead to parameter leakage between the receiver and structural parameters. Two alternative statics ...
... 3D PS reflection. It has been found that the PS surfaceconsistent statics method may produce incorrect solutions in some statics environments. This is caused by errors in the horizon picking stage which lead to parameter leakage between the receiver and structural parameters. Two alternative statics ...
Terrestrial Planet Evolution in the Stagnant
... to quantify the relationship between initial conditions and modeling results. Principal component analysis is used to simplify the interpretation of a large number of simulation results. Simple scaling analyses are also conducted to derive a theoretical basis for major modeling results. Moreover, th ...
... to quantify the relationship between initial conditions and modeling results. Principal component analysis is used to simplify the interpretation of a large number of simulation results. Simple scaling analyses are also conducted to derive a theoretical basis for major modeling results. Moreover, th ...
IODP Proposal Cover Sheet
... The Mohorovii Discontinuity, commonly known as the “Moho”, is a seismically imaged acoustic interface within the Earth below which compressional wave velocities (Vp) exceed 8 km/s. In the ocean crust this step in seismic velocity occurs at ~5-8 km depth and, away from plate boundaries and transfor ...
... The Mohorovii Discontinuity, commonly known as the “Moho”, is a seismically imaged acoustic interface within the Earth below which compressional wave velocities (Vp) exceed 8 km/s. In the ocean crust this step in seismic velocity occurs at ~5-8 km depth and, away from plate boundaries and transfor ...
Overview of Geologic Structures
... Fault Slices: en echelon offset along sets of parallel faults (a) aka "step faulting" ...
... Fault Slices: en echelon offset along sets of parallel faults (a) aka "step faulting" ...
Entropy in Natural Time and the Associated Complexity Measures
... behavior; see Figure 1a. They are recorded at certain sites of the Earth’s surface (sensitive sites) by using a multitude of measuring dipoles [33]. SES exhibit the so-called selectivity phenomenon according to which SES related with earthquakes of a given earthquake mechanism from a given seismic a ...
... behavior; see Figure 1a. They are recorded at certain sites of the Earth’s surface (sensitive sites) by using a multitude of measuring dipoles [33]. SES exhibit the so-called selectivity phenomenon according to which SES related with earthquakes of a given earthquake mechanism from a given seismic a ...
Punctuated tectonic evolution of the earth
... magmatic and tectonic convulsions. For the more plausible parameter values, the models are initially layered, but typically the layering becomes unstable and breaks down episodically via mantle overturns. Subsequently the models evolve into whole-mantle convection due to the increasing ability of su ...
... magmatic and tectonic convulsions. For the more plausible parameter values, the models are initially layered, but typically the layering becomes unstable and breaks down episodically via mantle overturns. Subsequently the models evolve into whole-mantle convection due to the increasing ability of su ...
A model of intracratonic basin formation, entailing deep crustal
... observational two-fold subsidence data from various intracratonic basins. Metamorphic model assumed The present subsidence model entails an approximation of the effects of deep crustal metamorphism, caused by elevation of crustal temperatures as a consequence of heating at the base of the lithospher ...
... observational two-fold subsidence data from various intracratonic basins. Metamorphic model assumed The present subsidence model entails an approximation of the effects of deep crustal metamorphism, caused by elevation of crustal temperatures as a consequence of heating at the base of the lithospher ...
7. Early Evolution of the South Atlantic Ocean: Role of the Rifting
... 3) The postrift sequence starts at the end of the rifting phase, when oceanic crust is emplaced. From this time onward, the subsidence of the continental margin is thermally controlled and corresponds to tilting of about one degree around the initial hinge line. The tectonic movements affecting the ...
... 3) The postrift sequence starts at the end of the rifting phase, when oceanic crust is emplaced. From this time onward, the subsidence of the continental margin is thermally controlled and corresponds to tilting of about one degree around the initial hinge line. The tectonic movements affecting the ...
Recycling of the continental crust | SpringerLink
... Abstract--In order to understand the evolution of the crust-mantle system, it is important to recognize the role played by the recycling of continental crust. Crustal recycling can be considered as two fundamentally distinct processes: 1) intracrustal recycling and 2) crust-mantle recycling. Intracr ...
... Abstract--In order to understand the evolution of the crust-mantle system, it is important to recognize the role played by the recycling of continental crust. Crustal recycling can be considered as two fundamentally distinct processes: 1) intracrustal recycling and 2) crust-mantle recycling. Intracr ...
Subduction of the Chile Ridge - Geological Society of America
... Silver, 1994) is perturbed by these structures. We use observations of shear wave splitting to evaluate this issue. The most common interpretation of teleseismic shear wave splitting is based on development of a linear preferred orientation of natural upper mantle minerals, predominantly olivine, wi ...
... Silver, 1994) is perturbed by these structures. We use observations of shear wave splitting to evaluate this issue. The most common interpretation of teleseismic shear wave splitting is based on development of a linear preferred orientation of natural upper mantle minerals, predominantly olivine, wi ...
PDF - Wiley Online Library
... HA[10 km] within the low-viscosity channel is Figure 2. In black are contours of values of torque variation-rate necescapable of shearing the latter down sary upon PA to explain its kinematic change at the HEB time, sampled for to its boundary with the more viscous ranges of asthenospheric thickness ...
... HA[10 km] within the low-viscosity channel is Figure 2. In black are contours of values of torque variation-rate necescapable of shearing the latter down sary upon PA to explain its kinematic change at the HEB time, sampled for to its boundary with the more viscous ranges of asthenospheric thickness ...
Crustal thickness of V-shaped ridges south of the Azores: -39
... spot is ~20 mm/yr along a ~250° azimuth (see inset in Figure 1). The Azores hot spot produces a long-wavelength bathymetry and gravity gradient (~4 m/km, >20-3 mGal/100 km, respectively) between 33°N and 39°N, with a minimum depth and gravity anomaly over the Azores Platform at ~39°N [Detrick et al. ...
... spot is ~20 mm/yr along a ~250° azimuth (see inset in Figure 1). The Azores hot spot produces a long-wavelength bathymetry and gravity gradient (~4 m/km, >20-3 mGal/100 km, respectively) between 33°N and 39°N, with a minimum depth and gravity anomaly over the Azores Platform at ~39°N [Detrick et al. ...
PDF
... Gondwana. In addition to thickening the EAO crust, this collision caused significant but unquantified along-strike transport of crust via tectonic escape (Stern, 1994). Both EAO segments were intruded by countless Neoproterozoic and Early Paleozoic plutons from ∼880 to ∼500 Ma. These igneous bodies an ...
... Gondwana. In addition to thickening the EAO crust, this collision caused significant but unquantified along-strike transport of crust via tectonic escape (Stern, 1994). Both EAO segments were intruded by countless Neoproterozoic and Early Paleozoic plutons from ∼880 to ∼500 Ma. These igneous bodies an ...
CITIES AT RISK
... These cities have physical and socioeconomic factors known to increase risk (the chance of loss) to people, buildings, and infrastructure when a M7.0 or greater earthquake occurs ...
... These cities have physical and socioeconomic factors known to increase risk (the chance of loss) to people, buildings, and infrastructure when a M7.0 or greater earthquake occurs ...
CHAPTER 6 COULOMB STRESS CHANGES AND SEISMOGENSIS
... components of displacement are discontinuous while the stress components across the plane are continuous. This system is controlled by the boundary conditions which determine the nature of faulting, strike slip, normal or reverse slip. The frictional behavior of faults determines the stress levels a ...
... components of displacement are discontinuous while the stress components across the plane are continuous. This system is controlled by the boundary conditions which determine the nature of faulting, strike slip, normal or reverse slip. The frictional behavior of faults determines the stress levels a ...
Document
... reduction density of 2.20 g/cm^ (fig 4) was compiled to aid in the interpretation of areas covered by relatively lower-density volcanic rocks. An aeromagnetic map of the study area was compiled by merging eight separate aeromagnetic surveys (fig 5 ) . Each suiTvey was compiled and merged by Kucks an ...
... reduction density of 2.20 g/cm^ (fig 4) was compiled to aid in the interpretation of areas covered by relatively lower-density volcanic rocks. An aeromagnetic map of the study area was compiled by merging eight separate aeromagnetic surveys (fig 5 ) . Each suiTvey was compiled and merged by Kucks an ...
Earthscope
Earthscope is an earth science program using geological and geophysical techniques to explore the structure and evolution of the North American continent and to understand the processes controlling earthquakes and volcanoes. The project has three components: USARRAY, the Plate Boundary Observatory, and the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth.The project is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the data produced is publicly accessible in real-time. Organizations associated with the project include UNAVCO, the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), Stanford University, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Several international organizations also contribute to the initiative.