Landslides in Eastern Honshu Induced by the 2011 Off the Pacific
... Figure 3. Comparison of monthly precipitation for the year prior to the Tohoku earthquake with 30 year mean monthly precipitation for observatories located within the Kitakami Mountains (Iyako station), Sendai plain (Sendai station), and the Ou Range (Yamagata station; Japan Meteorological Agency 20 ...
... Figure 3. Comparison of monthly precipitation for the year prior to the Tohoku earthquake with 30 year mean monthly precipitation for observatories located within the Kitakami Mountains (Iyako station), Sendai plain (Sendai station), and the Ou Range (Yamagata station; Japan Meteorological Agency 20 ...
Fig. 1 - Durham University Community
... PM N 1 and [Ti/Sm]PM N 1. The excesses of Eu, Sr, Nb, Ta and Ti in the DMM complement the well-known deficiencies of these elements in the bulk continental crust (BCC). These new observations, which support the notion that the DMM and BCC are complementary in terms of the overall abundances of incomp ...
... PM N 1 and [Ti/Sm]PM N 1. The excesses of Eu, Sr, Nb, Ta and Ti in the DMM complement the well-known deficiencies of these elements in the bulk continental crust (BCC). These new observations, which support the notion that the DMM and BCC are complementary in terms of the overall abundances of incomp ...
Alteration of the oceanic lithosphere and its implications for seafloor
... high degree of segmentation and considerable heterogeneities in crustal thickness, rock types, deformation and degree of alteration that reflect strong temporal and spatial variations in tectonic and magmatic processes (Figure 1). In these environments, serpentinized mantle peridotite and lower crus ...
... high degree of segmentation and considerable heterogeneities in crustal thickness, rock types, deformation and degree of alteration that reflect strong temporal and spatial variations in tectonic and magmatic processes (Figure 1). In these environments, serpentinized mantle peridotite and lower crus ...
The Cordilleran Ribbon Continent of North America
... 2000). I therefore focus on the eastern portion of the orogen, that region straddled by the foreland and intermontane domains, for it is within this region that the boundary between the ancient west margin of North America and accreted crust is located. Geological relationships limit accretion to ha ...
... 2000). I therefore focus on the eastern portion of the orogen, that region straddled by the foreland and intermontane domains, for it is within this region that the boundary between the ancient west margin of North America and accreted crust is located. Geological relationships limit accretion to ha ...
IODP Proposal Cover Sheet
... drill into juvenile oceanic arcs, ideal sites for addressing this question… Probing the possible new “continental root” beneath juvenile oceanic arcs by IODP will be a tremendous step towards understanding the origin of the andesitic continental crust’ (p.67). Indeed, scientific ocean drilling is ne ...
... drill into juvenile oceanic arcs, ideal sites for addressing this question… Probing the possible new “continental root” beneath juvenile oceanic arcs by IODP will be a tremendous step towards understanding the origin of the andesitic continental crust’ (p.67). Indeed, scientific ocean drilling is ne ...
Plate Tectonics - The Open University
... considerable amount of data in a concerted exposition of his theory, and suggested that during the late Permian all the continents were once assembled into a supercontinent that he named Pangaea, meaning 'all Earth'. He drew maps showing how the continents have since moved to today's positions. He p ...
... considerable amount of data in a concerted exposition of his theory, and suggested that during the late Permian all the continents were once assembled into a supercontinent that he named Pangaea, meaning 'all Earth'. He drew maps showing how the continents have since moved to today's positions. He p ...
Cenozoic basin evolution of the Virgin Islands basin and Anegada
... crossing the Anegada Passage in an east-west direction shows 20-km-thick crust of the Virgin Islands platform thinning to the east in the area of the St. Croix basin and Kallinago trough. Basement is elevated to a depth of 600 m below sea level (BSL) west of the Anegada basin likely as the result of ...
... crossing the Anegada Passage in an east-west direction shows 20-km-thick crust of the Virgin Islands platform thinning to the east in the area of the St. Croix basin and Kallinago trough. Basement is elevated to a depth of 600 m below sea level (BSL) west of the Anegada basin likely as the result of ...
Lithospheric Removal as aTrigger for Flood
... and areal distribution, dominant mafic character) that make it a ‘volcanic anomaly’ compared with the more typical arc-like products of the TMVB; indeed, although they have a more restricted volume, the Altos de Jalisco magmas resemble those emplaced within continental flood basalt provinces. The ne ...
... and areal distribution, dominant mafic character) that make it a ‘volcanic anomaly’ compared with the more typical arc-like products of the TMVB; indeed, although they have a more restricted volume, the Altos de Jalisco magmas resemble those emplaced within continental flood basalt provinces. The ne ...
nature and composition of the continental crust
... energy at very small offsets (2-10 km), small receiver spacing (25-100 m), and close shot spacing (50-500 m) relative to refraction surveys. Although subcritical reflections have lower amplitudes than critical to supercritical reflections, the acquisition geometry produces a data redundancy that per ...
... energy at very small offsets (2-10 km), small receiver spacing (25-100 m), and close shot spacing (50-500 m) relative to refraction surveys. Although subcritical reflections have lower amplitudes than critical to supercritical reflections, the acquisition geometry produces a data redundancy that per ...
Geochemistry of Jurassic Oceanic Crust beneath
... 1996; Thirlwall, 1997). Estimates of recycling ages are critically dependent on the effects of hydrothermal alteration near the ridge axis and the subduction process on the Pb isotope systematics of ocean crust. Ocean island basalts have long been considered to be one of the major means for evaluati ...
... 1996; Thirlwall, 1997). Estimates of recycling ages are critically dependent on the effects of hydrothermal alteration near the ridge axis and the subduction process on the Pb isotope systematics of ocean crust. Ocean island basalts have long been considered to be one of the major means for evaluati ...
Chemical composition of Earth`s primitive mantle and its variance: 2
... model and mass balance calculations. Dark shading is used to indicate chemical composition enriched in incompatible elements (as a result of melting); light shading corresponds to depleted composition. Dark shaded fragments denote subducted oceanic crust. No vertical stratification in chemical compo ...
... model and mass balance calculations. Dark shading is used to indicate chemical composition enriched in incompatible elements (as a result of melting); light shading corresponds to depleted composition. Dark shaded fragments denote subducted oceanic crust. No vertical stratification in chemical compo ...
Geological Activity from Plate Tectonics Processes
... fill, has curved streets extending into the bay. Scientists will use space-based radar along this same flight path over the next years to look for changes in the ground surface along the fault. ...
... fill, has curved streets extending into the bay. Scientists will use space-based radar along this same flight path over the next years to look for changes in the ground surface along the fault. ...
Zoned mantle convection
... begun to hint at compositional heterogeneity in the bottom 1000 km or so of the mantle, but there is no compelling evidence in support of an interface between deep and shallow mantle at mid-depth. We suggest that in a system of thermochemical convection, lithospheric plates subduct to a depth that d ...
... begun to hint at compositional heterogeneity in the bottom 1000 km or so of the mantle, but there is no compelling evidence in support of an interface between deep and shallow mantle at mid-depth. We suggest that in a system of thermochemical convection, lithospheric plates subduct to a depth that d ...
Layered Mantle Lithosphere in the Lac de Gras
... spectra. Quantitative concentration data are extracted from these spectra as described by Ryan et al. (1990b). Normalization to EMP values for Fe is used to correct for differences in sample conductivity; otherwise the method is independent of standards. Typical analytical precision and accuracy are ...
... spectra. Quantitative concentration data are extracted from these spectra as described by Ryan et al. (1990b). Normalization to EMP values for Fe is used to correct for differences in sample conductivity; otherwise the method is independent of standards. Typical analytical precision and accuracy are ...
Iron partitioning between ferropericlase and bridgmanite in the
... 2008a; Wood, 2000]. A recent theoretical work of Muir and Brodholt [2016] studied the ferrous iron partitioning between Pv and Fp and predicted that Fe2+ prefers Fp rather than Pv. Their calculations showed a convex shape feature of the KDPv-Fp(P) profile with a peak (KDPv-Fp ~0.25) at 50 GPa and gra ...
... 2008a; Wood, 2000]. A recent theoretical work of Muir and Brodholt [2016] studied the ferrous iron partitioning between Pv and Fp and predicted that Fe2+ prefers Fp rather than Pv. Their calculations showed a convex shape feature of the KDPv-Fp(P) profile with a peak (KDPv-Fp ~0.25) at 50 GPa and gra ...
Mickus, K., Gabtni, H., and Jallouli, C., 2004. Gravity analysis of the
... Cosatt, M., and Mickus, K., 2008, Preliminary gravity and magnetic study of the Tri-State mining district, MO, KS, OK., presented to GSA meeting, Hot Springs, AR. Egbert, G., Evans, R., Ingate, S., Livelybrooks, D., Mickus, K., Park, S., Schultz, A., Unsworth, M., and Wannamaker, P., 2007, EMSCOPE-e ...
... Cosatt, M., and Mickus, K., 2008, Preliminary gravity and magnetic study of the Tri-State mining district, MO, KS, OK., presented to GSA meeting, Hot Springs, AR. Egbert, G., Evans, R., Ingate, S., Livelybrooks, D., Mickus, K., Park, S., Schultz, A., Unsworth, M., and Wannamaker, P., 2007, EMSCOPE-e ...
Shallow−crustal magma chamber beneath the axial high of the
... OBSs located just north of Axial volcano, are relevant to this discussion of the Coaxial segment. Line 1 crosses the Coaxial segment source Site at 46.18°N. A distinct shadow zone and Pg arrivals delayed by 0.1−0.3 s are evident on record sections from both OBS 1 and OBS 2, at source−OBS ranges of ...
... OBSs located just north of Axial volcano, are relevant to this discussion of the Coaxial segment. Line 1 crosses the Coaxial segment source Site at 46.18°N. A distinct shadow zone and Pg arrivals delayed by 0.1−0.3 s are evident on record sections from both OBS 1 and OBS 2, at source−OBS ranges of ...
Structure and evolution of the continental margin off Norway and the
... breakup and initial seafloor spreading in the NorwegianGreenland Sea was linked to the Arctic Eurasia Basin by the regional De Geer Zone megashear system. The western Barents Sea-Svalbard margin developed along this zone and is composed of two large shear segments and a central rifted margin segment ...
... breakup and initial seafloor spreading in the NorwegianGreenland Sea was linked to the Arctic Eurasia Basin by the regional De Geer Zone megashear system. The western Barents Sea-Svalbard margin developed along this zone and is composed of two large shear segments and a central rifted margin segment ...
Surface-wave analysis for identifying unfrozen zones in subglacial
... geotechnical purposes, spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) is used to determine 1D S-wave velocity structures to depths of 100 m (Nazarian et al., 1983). Most SASW methods calculate phase differences between two receivers using a crosscorrelation of their recorded waveforms and determine the p ...
... geotechnical purposes, spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) is used to determine 1D S-wave velocity structures to depths of 100 m (Nazarian et al., 1983). Most SASW methods calculate phase differences between two receivers using a crosscorrelation of their recorded waveforms and determine the p ...
Structure and tectonics of intermediate
... basement lithostratigraphy and structure. The sea-floor bathymetry in the vicinity of Holes 504B and 896A is defined by east-west trending asymmetric elongated ridges and troughs with wavelengths of 5-6 km and relief of 100-150 m. Hole 504B penetrates two major fault zones at about 800 metres below ...
... basement lithostratigraphy and structure. The sea-floor bathymetry in the vicinity of Holes 504B and 896A is defined by east-west trending asymmetric elongated ridges and troughs with wavelengths of 5-6 km and relief of 100-150 m. Hole 504B penetrates two major fault zones at about 800 metres below ...
New insights into Andean evolution: An introduction to contributions
... major, protracted, collisional to transpressional deformation produced by the eastward motion of the Caribbean–Colombian Oceanic Plateau (CCOP) against northwestern South America. The evolution of the Central and Southern Andes, in contrast, has apparently developed in a “pure” ocean–continent subdu ...
... major, protracted, collisional to transpressional deformation produced by the eastward motion of the Caribbean–Colombian Oceanic Plateau (CCOP) against northwestern South America. The evolution of the Central and Southern Andes, in contrast, has apparently developed in a “pure” ocean–continent subdu ...
Correlated geophysical, geochemical, and volcanological
... [6] The Galápagos hot spot swell is apparent in the gradual shoaling of sea floor depths along the western GSC over a distance of 800 km (Figure 1). Ridge axis depths along the western GSC decrease from 3500 m at 97.7°W to <1700 m at 91.4°W (Figure 2a). Part of this 1800 m change in axial depth ...
... [6] The Galápagos hot spot swell is apparent in the gradual shoaling of sea floor depths along the western GSC over a distance of 800 km (Figure 1). Ridge axis depths along the western GSC decrease from 3500 m at 97.7°W to <1700 m at 91.4°W (Figure 2a). Part of this 1800 m change in axial depth ...
Earthscope
Earthscope is an earth science program using geological and geophysical techniques to explore the structure and evolution of the North American continent and to understand the processes controlling earthquakes and volcanoes. The project has three components: USARRAY, the Plate Boundary Observatory, and the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth.The project is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the data produced is publicly accessible in real-time. Organizations associated with the project include UNAVCO, the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), Stanford University, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Several international organizations also contribute to the initiative.