Part 3: Normal faults and extensional tectonics
... side of a surface breaking fault leads to predictable patterns of erosion and sedi mentation. Sediments will fill the available space created by slip on a fault. Not only do the characteristic patterns of stratal thickening or thinning tell you about the ...
... side of a surface breaking fault leads to predictable patterns of erosion and sedi mentation. Sediments will fill the available space created by slip on a fault. Not only do the characteristic patterns of stratal thickening or thinning tell you about the ...
Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, and Perisphere
... awayfrom spreading inducedupwelling. EM is therefore probably shallow. It is not known if volatiles and large-ion lithophiles can recycle much deeper than ---200km, or into the lower mantle, as is implied by someplume theories. The base of the (strong) lithosphere and plate may correspond to a phase ...
... awayfrom spreading inducedupwelling. EM is therefore probably shallow. It is not known if volatiles and large-ion lithophiles can recycle much deeper than ---200km, or into the lower mantle, as is implied by someplume theories. The base of the (strong) lithosphere and plate may correspond to a phase ...
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems Supporting Information for
... compositions that match many of the isotopic features observed in D44-HIMU lavas. 2. Dredge-D44 lavas with an enriched mantle (EM) component The second geochemical group of lavas from dredge-D44, designated D44-EM, consists of boninite series lavas that have the highest 87Sr/86Sr in this study, but ...
... compositions that match many of the isotopic features observed in D44-HIMU lavas. 2. Dredge-D44 lavas with an enriched mantle (EM) component The second geochemical group of lavas from dredge-D44, designated D44-EM, consists of boninite series lavas that have the highest 87Sr/86Sr in this study, but ...
From oceanic plateaus to allochthonous terranes: Numerical
... In this present work we aim to extend previous terrane accretion models and explore geodynamic regimes with implications to magmatic activity using spontaneously moving plates. We have undertaken a detailed study of 2-D petrological–thermomechanical numerical experiments to (i) characterise the vari ...
... In this present work we aim to extend previous terrane accretion models and explore geodynamic regimes with implications to magmatic activity using spontaneously moving plates. We have undertaken a detailed study of 2-D petrological–thermomechanical numerical experiments to (i) characterise the vari ...
Crustal thickness anomalies in the North Atlantic Ocean Tingting Wang
... Ridge (MAR) (Figure 1a) is generally considered to be magma‐limited because of the slow spreading rate of the ridge (Figure 1b). This results in a relatively cold thermal structure with a strong lithosphere, leading to a deep axial rift valley and rugged terrain created by large and widely spaced no ...
... Ridge (MAR) (Figure 1a) is generally considered to be magma‐limited because of the slow spreading rate of the ridge (Figure 1b). This results in a relatively cold thermal structure with a strong lithosphere, leading to a deep axial rift valley and rugged terrain created by large and widely spaced no ...
FOSI BeritaSedimentologi BS 23 March2012
... between the passive margin tectonics of Australia’s NW Shelf and active margin tectonics in New Guinea (Figure 1). The stratigraphy and tectonics of both areas need to be taken into account. Here, we draw on the tectonics and stratigraphy of the Browse Basin on the NW Shelf (Hill & Hoffman 2004; Hof ...
... between the passive margin tectonics of Australia’s NW Shelf and active margin tectonics in New Guinea (Figure 1). The stratigraphy and tectonics of both areas need to be taken into account. Here, we draw on the tectonics and stratigraphy of the Browse Basin on the NW Shelf (Hill & Hoffman 2004; Hof ...
The origin and evolution of the Earth`s continental crust
... plumes. This is less easily evaluated, but is needed, since the crustal radioactive sources are probably inadequate. Information about how long this process has been operating can be obtained from the sedimentary record. Loess from widely scattered localities across the globe has uniform REE pattern ...
... plumes. This is less easily evaluated, but is needed, since the crustal radioactive sources are probably inadequate. Information about how long this process has been operating can be obtained from the sedimentary record. Loess from widely scattered localities across the globe has uniform REE pattern ...
Fig. 1
... evidence from U–Th/He thermochronometry data that indicate broad-scale plateau uplift began in the interval 20–30 Ma (Pik et al., 2003). The seismic discontinuities nominally found at depths of 410 km and 660 km due to the olivine-to-wadsleyite and ringwooditeto-perovskite + magnesiowustite phase tr ...
... evidence from U–Th/He thermochronometry data that indicate broad-scale plateau uplift began in the interval 20–30 Ma (Pik et al., 2003). The seismic discontinuities nominally found at depths of 410 km and 660 km due to the olivine-to-wadsleyite and ringwooditeto-perovskite + magnesiowustite phase tr ...
Design of Lateral Load Resisting Frames Using Steel Joists and
... seismic loads (even using an R value of 3) will often times be smaller than lateral wind loads on the building structures in moderate or low seismic areas defined by these seismic design categories. In addition, the increased complexity of design, fabrication and erection associated with the seismic ...
... seismic loads (even using an R value of 3) will often times be smaller than lateral wind loads on the building structures in moderate or low seismic areas defined by these seismic design categories. In addition, the increased complexity of design, fabrication and erection associated with the seismic ...
Palaeocene–Recent plate boundaries in the NE Atlantic and the
... boundaries in the North Atlantic region since the Late Palaeocene. A conventional kinematic model from prebreakup to the present day assumes that Eurasia and Greenland moved apart as a two-plate system. However, new regional geophysical datasets and quantitative kinematic parameters indicate that th ...
... boundaries in the North Atlantic region since the Late Palaeocene. A conventional kinematic model from prebreakup to the present day assumes that Eurasia and Greenland moved apart as a two-plate system. However, new regional geophysical datasets and quantitative kinematic parameters indicate that th ...
The Central Asia collision zone: numerical present-day kinematics
... characterization of the present-day lithospheric structure of the Zagros and the HimalayanTibetan orogens and the role of the lithospheric structure and rheology in the accommodation of the deformation related to the Arabia and India convergence against Eurasia. By combining geophysical and petrolog ...
... characterization of the present-day lithospheric structure of the Zagros and the HimalayanTibetan orogens and the role of the lithospheric structure and rheology in the accommodation of the deformation related to the Arabia and India convergence against Eurasia. By combining geophysical and petrolog ...
On studying morphological features of impact craters using the
... (SR) are located that are dispersed in directions perpendicular to the frontal part of the crater (see Figure 3d). The number of SR varies depending on individual ballistic parameters of CB. 4. The reason for the formation of complex craters of Groups 1b or 2b could be the CB disintegration in the a ...
... (SR) are located that are dispersed in directions perpendicular to the frontal part of the crater (see Figure 3d). The number of SR varies depending on individual ballistic parameters of CB. 4. The reason for the formation of complex craters of Groups 1b or 2b could be the CB disintegration in the a ...
Figure 1 - ePrints Soton - University of Southampton
... material above the oceanic Moho is commonly referred to as the crust, it does not necessarily comprise solely products of partial melting. The remarkable consistency of seismic velocities in layer 3, the lower oceanic crust, was apparent in early compilations of results from seismic refraction profi ...
... material above the oceanic Moho is commonly referred to as the crust, it does not necessarily comprise solely products of partial melting. The remarkable consistency of seismic velocities in layer 3, the lower oceanic crust, was apparent in early compilations of results from seismic refraction profi ...
Seismic structure of Iceland from Rayleigh wave inversions and
... and upper mantle beneath Iceland have been well studied from seismic refraction, gravity, receiver function, and body wave tomography. Recent seismic refraction studies in Iceland include the SIST profile in southwest Iceland [1], the ICEMELT line across Iceland from the northwest to the southeast [ ...
... and upper mantle beneath Iceland have been well studied from seismic refraction, gravity, receiver function, and body wave tomography. Recent seismic refraction studies in Iceland include the SIST profile in southwest Iceland [1], the ICEMELT line across Iceland from the northwest to the southeast [ ...
The plume head-lithosphere interactions near intra - HAL-Insu
... 2002; Sheth, 1999; Tackley, 2000; Foulger, 2002; Nyblade and Sleep, 2003, Ingle and Coffin, 2004). These discussions are not only fuelled by ambiguous observational evidence for the existence of mantle plumes but also – and at a large extent – by the discrepancies between the geological and geophy ...
... 2002; Sheth, 1999; Tackley, 2000; Foulger, 2002; Nyblade and Sleep, 2003, Ingle and Coffin, 2004). These discussions are not only fuelled by ambiguous observational evidence for the existence of mantle plumes but also – and at a large extent – by the discrepancies between the geological and geophy ...
Atmospheric oxygenation driven by unsteady
... (Fig. 1) is then built by normalizing the time series to the maximum value (i.e., a value of 1 would indicate all of Laurentia is accumulating sediment at a given time point). For flux calculations, the volume of each rock unit is distributed linearly between its bottom and top age. The Macrostrat A ...
... (Fig. 1) is then built by normalizing the time series to the maximum value (i.e., a value of 1 would indicate all of Laurentia is accumulating sediment at a given time point). For flux calculations, the volume of each rock unit is distributed linearly between its bottom and top age. The Macrostrat A ...
deep sea drilling in the northern indian ocean
... recorded in the rocks on its surface as well as at depths. The seafloor sediments and extrusive volcanic rocks represent the most recent snapshot of geological events. Beneath this cover, buried in sedimentary sections and the underlying crust, is a rich history of the waxing and waning of glaciers, ...
... recorded in the rocks on its surface as well as at depths. The seafloor sediments and extrusive volcanic rocks represent the most recent snapshot of geological events. Beneath this cover, buried in sedimentary sections and the underlying crust, is a rich history of the waxing and waning of glaciers, ...
The July 17, 2006 West Java Earthquake and Tsunami
... sec teleseismic P waves and Mw=7.2 determined from 5 to 100 sec teleseismic body waves. Later, a moment magnitude of Mw=7.7 was determined by Harvard University using 150 sec surface waves. The large increase of the magnitude estimates as a function of period shows that there was proportionately les ...
... sec teleseismic P waves and Mw=7.2 determined from 5 to 100 sec teleseismic body waves. Later, a moment magnitude of Mw=7.7 was determined by Harvard University using 150 sec surface waves. The large increase of the magnitude estimates as a function of period shows that there was proportionately les ...
Papers presented to the conference on Plateau Uplift, Mode and
... Parana/Plateau is partly inherited from its earlier history, but it is also due in part to the formation of Cenozoic coastal half-grabens and in part to NNE'ly trending fracture systems (approximately paralleling the present coast) which date back at least to the early Paleozoic but along which recu ...
... Parana/Plateau is partly inherited from its earlier history, but it is also due in part to the formation of Cenozoic coastal half-grabens and in part to NNE'ly trending fracture systems (approximately paralleling the present coast) which date back at least to the early Paleozoic but along which recu ...
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... eastern extremity or beyond. That seaway’s eastern margin may have been enclosed by volcanic islands and arc-related terranes that later would become consolidated into Mongolia. ...
... eastern extremity or beyond. That seaway’s eastern margin may have been enclosed by volcanic islands and arc-related terranes that later would become consolidated into Mongolia. ...
2 Modelling
... The use of a more general structural model, which accounts for the deformability of the floor diaphragm, or of additional simplified models able to estimate, in a safe way, the variation of beam and column internal actions caused by floor deformation. More detailed constructive provisions for th ...
... The use of a more general structural model, which accounts for the deformability of the floor diaphragm, or of additional simplified models able to estimate, in a safe way, the variation of beam and column internal actions caused by floor deformation. More detailed constructive provisions for th ...
Quantum Monte Carlo computations of phase of high-pressure silica
... Compression experiments reveal a number of denser phases. The mineral coesite, also fourfold coordinated, is stable from 2–7.5 GPa, but we do not study it due to its large, complex structure, which is a 24 atom monoclinic cell (3). Further compression transforms coesite to a much denser, sixfold coo ...
... Compression experiments reveal a number of denser phases. The mineral coesite, also fourfold coordinated, is stable from 2–7.5 GPa, but we do not study it due to its large, complex structure, which is a 24 atom monoclinic cell (3). Further compression transforms coesite to a much denser, sixfold coo ...
lithosphere 2006 - Helsingin yliopisto
... first meeting of this kind in 2000. The aim of the LITHOSPHERE symposia is to provide a forum for both geologists and geophysicists for interdiscliplinary discussions, and presentation of reviews and new results. Once again, the meeting invitation and the call for papers have been well-received, and ...
... first meeting of this kind in 2000. The aim of the LITHOSPHERE symposia is to provide a forum for both geologists and geophysicists for interdiscliplinary discussions, and presentation of reviews and new results. Once again, the meeting invitation and the call for papers have been well-received, and ...
Earthquake Survival - Indo-German Environment Partnership (IGEP
... (http://www.ready.gov/earthquakes). These vibrations may be transmitted to buildings causing damage or even collapse of parts of the buildings. Around 65% of India's landmass is prone to moderate, high or serve earthquake risks. In India, earthquakes are considered to be among the most destructive n ...
... (http://www.ready.gov/earthquakes). These vibrations may be transmitted to buildings causing damage or even collapse of parts of the buildings. Around 65% of India's landmass is prone to moderate, high or serve earthquake risks. In India, earthquakes are considered to be among the most destructive n ...
Anorogenic plateau formation: The importance of density
... [1] Away from active plate boundaries the relationships between spatiotemporal variations in density and geothermal gradient are important for understanding the evolution of topography in continental interiors. In this context the classic concept of the continental lithosphere as comprising three st ...
... [1] Away from active plate boundaries the relationships between spatiotemporal variations in density and geothermal gradient are important for understanding the evolution of topography in continental interiors. In this context the classic concept of the continental lithosphere as comprising three st ...
Earthscope
Earthscope is an earth science program using geological and geophysical techniques to explore the structure and evolution of the North American continent and to understand the processes controlling earthquakes and volcanoes. The project has three components: USARRAY, the Plate Boundary Observatory, and the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth.The project is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the data produced is publicly accessible in real-time. Organizations associated with the project include UNAVCO, the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), Stanford University, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Several international organizations also contribute to the initiative.