Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research __________________________________________________
... ineffective if administered after symptoms have already appeared. Scopolamine is one of the most effective single agent in preventing vertigo. Anticholinergics have prominent side effects of dry mouth, dilated pupils, sedation, decreased alertness and impaired attention. Addiction and psychosis have ...
... ineffective if administered after symptoms have already appeared. Scopolamine is one of the most effective single agent in preventing vertigo. Anticholinergics have prominent side effects of dry mouth, dilated pupils, sedation, decreased alertness and impaired attention. Addiction and psychosis have ...
9-Sensation of Smell..
... though they involve different receptors and receptive processes. (??overlap in central processing). ...
... though they involve different receptors and receptive processes. (??overlap in central processing). ...
cHAPTER 7 The specificity of different selective and non
... [11], which were thought to provide anxioselectivity, based on the assumption that the receptor reserve for anxiolytic activity would be higher than that for other (undesired) pharmacological actions. For most compounds however, a pre-clinical non-sedating anxiolytic profile could not be translated i ...
... [11], which were thought to provide anxioselectivity, based on the assumption that the receptor reserve for anxiolytic activity would be higher than that for other (undesired) pharmacological actions. For most compounds however, a pre-clinical non-sedating anxiolytic profile could not be translated i ...
Identification of Epidermal Growth Factor
... growth factor (EGF) receptor and of c-erbB2 (also called HER2 or neu), by correlating EGF receptor, transforming growth factor (TGF)-a (a ligand for EGF receptor), and c-erbB2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels with the results of cytotoxicity assays of the 49 000 compounds in the National Cance ...
... growth factor (EGF) receptor and of c-erbB2 (also called HER2 or neu), by correlating EGF receptor, transforming growth factor (TGF)-a (a ligand for EGF receptor), and c-erbB2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels with the results of cytotoxicity assays of the 49 000 compounds in the National Cance ...
rEvIEW - McLoon Lab
... The synapse-formation-inducing signals from astrocytes were identified to be a family of extracellular matrix proteins called thrombospondins (TSPs)41. Purified TSPs alone have been found to increase synapse number in RGC cultures to a level comparable to that induced by culturing in astrocyte-condi ...
... The synapse-formation-inducing signals from astrocytes were identified to be a family of extracellular matrix proteins called thrombospondins (TSPs)41. Purified TSPs alone have been found to increase synapse number in RGC cultures to a level comparable to that induced by culturing in astrocyte-condi ...
The interplay between neurons and glia in synapse
... perisynaptic regions by the hemichannel protein connexin 30 (Cx30). Genetic deletion of Cx30 permits astrocyte process invasion into synaptic clefts, which prevents glutamate activation of the postsynapse and alters excitatory synaptic strength. These effects of Cx30 are independent of its channel f ...
... perisynaptic regions by the hemichannel protein connexin 30 (Cx30). Genetic deletion of Cx30 permits astrocyte process invasion into synaptic clefts, which prevents glutamate activation of the postsynapse and alters excitatory synaptic strength. These effects of Cx30 are independent of its channel f ...
Dendritic ion channel trafficking and plasticity
... these channels themselves are targeted for modulation. To fully understand how these channels contribute to different forms of plasticity is it crucial to determine how their biophysical properties and subcellular localization are modulated. Post-translational modifications Because many forms of cel ...
... these channels themselves are targeted for modulation. To fully understand how these channels contribute to different forms of plasticity is it crucial to determine how their biophysical properties and subcellular localization are modulated. Post-translational modifications Because many forms of cel ...
NIH Public Access
... Serotonergic neurons within the raphe, especially the dorsal raphe, project to diverse forebrain regions, including the key corticolimbic structures involved in the regulation of stress, such as the mPFC, septum, extended amygdala, and hippocampus. Within the DRN, further topological organization su ...
... Serotonergic neurons within the raphe, especially the dorsal raphe, project to diverse forebrain regions, including the key corticolimbic structures involved in the regulation of stress, such as the mPFC, septum, extended amygdala, and hippocampus. Within the DRN, further topological organization su ...
Signalling organelle for retrograde axonal transport of
... more likely that the neurotrophins stimulate retrograde transport of the activated Trks, bound to their cognate ligand, to transmit this information14 by delivering an activated receptor to the cell body.15 Neurotrophins have two types of receptor: the high-affinity Trk family of tyrosine kinase rec ...
... more likely that the neurotrophins stimulate retrograde transport of the activated Trks, bound to their cognate ligand, to transmit this information14 by delivering an activated receptor to the cell body.15 Neurotrophins have two types of receptor: the high-affinity Trk family of tyrosine kinase rec ...
Delta-Opioid Ligands Reverse Alfentanil
... Antagonism by opioid mu antagonist CTOP on alfentanil effects. It is generally accepted that both antinociception and respiratory depression induced by opioids are medi- ...
... Antagonism by opioid mu antagonist CTOP on alfentanil effects. It is generally accepted that both antinociception and respiratory depression induced by opioids are medi- ...
Regulation of synaptic functions in central nervous system by
... to accumulate, and these studies collectively indicate that leptin, insulin and ghrelin play important roles in synaptic functions (Figures 1 and 2) [3]. In this review, we begin with the current view of synaptic regulation of hypothalamic function in energy homoeostasis, then focus on the cellular ...
... to accumulate, and these studies collectively indicate that leptin, insulin and ghrelin play important roles in synaptic functions (Figures 1 and 2) [3]. In this review, we begin with the current view of synaptic regulation of hypothalamic function in energy homoeostasis, then focus on the cellular ...
16-1 INTRODUCTION The ANS regulates many important functions
... B. Stimulation of the effector organ results in excitation or inhibition. C. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for unconscious control of its effector organs. However it can be influenced by conscious functions (e.g., biofeedback, emotions). ANATOMY OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. The A ...
... B. Stimulation of the effector organ results in excitation or inhibition. C. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for unconscious control of its effector organs. However it can be influenced by conscious functions (e.g., biofeedback, emotions). ANATOMY OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. The A ...
16-1 INTRODUCTION The ANS regulates many important functions
... B. Stimulation of the effector organ results in excitation or inhibition. C. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for unconscious control of its effector organs. However it can be influenced by conscious functions (e.g., biofeedback, emotions). ANATOMY OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. The A ...
... B. Stimulation of the effector organ results in excitation or inhibition. C. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for unconscious control of its effector organs. However it can be influenced by conscious functions (e.g., biofeedback, emotions). ANATOMY OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. The A ...
The Influence of Conformational Isomerism on Drug
... Consider the following hypothetical example. Assume a drug contains two functional groups, X and Y, which are located on adjacent carbon atoms and which are essential for biological activity. Further assume that the drug is capable of binding to three different receptor types or subtypes. Given this ...
... Consider the following hypothetical example. Assume a drug contains two functional groups, X and Y, which are located on adjacent carbon atoms and which are essential for biological activity. Further assume that the drug is capable of binding to three different receptor types or subtypes. Given this ...
Characterization of a Regular Array in the Wall of
... supporting layer from which they have been removed (homologous reattachment) or to that of another organism (heterologous reattachment) (Sleytr, 1975, 1978). However, there have been few studies on the interaction between the subunits and the underlying wall components. In Gram-negative bacteria, th ...
... supporting layer from which they have been removed (homologous reattachment) or to that of another organism (heterologous reattachment) (Sleytr, 1975, 1978). However, there have been few studies on the interaction between the subunits and the underlying wall components. In Gram-negative bacteria, th ...
the pattern of neurodegeneration in huntington`s disease
... All control subjects had previously been in good health with no known history of neurological disease or drug treatment and all had died suddenly without the opportunity of receiving any form of medical treatment. For both control and Huntington’s disease cases, the brains were removed to the Depart ...
... All control subjects had previously been in good health with no known history of neurological disease or drug treatment and all had died suddenly without the opportunity of receiving any form of medical treatment. For both control and Huntington’s disease cases, the brains were removed to the Depart ...
Dopamine
... Both in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that DA-containing neurons in the midbrain exhibit spontaneous spike firing that is driven by an endogenous pacemaker conductance (1–3), with their activity modulated by afferent inputs. One of the prominent regulators of DA neuron activity is the ...
... Both in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that DA-containing neurons in the midbrain exhibit spontaneous spike firing that is driven by an endogenous pacemaker conductance (1–3), with their activity modulated by afferent inputs. One of the prominent regulators of DA neuron activity is the ...
In Vivo Evaluation of White Matter Integrity and Anterograde
... obstruction and repair in visual pathway injury compared with MnCl2. Intravitreal injection of NMDA can induce excitotoxic retinal injury and optic neuropathy in a dose-dependent manner.37,39,40 The effects of glutamate excitotoxicity on necrotic and apoptotic cell death in the retina and the brain ...
... obstruction and repair in visual pathway injury compared with MnCl2. Intravitreal injection of NMDA can induce excitotoxic retinal injury and optic neuropathy in a dose-dependent manner.37,39,40 The effects of glutamate excitotoxicity on necrotic and apoptotic cell death in the retina and the brain ...
Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy for characterisation of
... Adenosine-5′-triphosphate; BACE1, β-Site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1; BPM, Biophysical Mapping; CHAPSO, 3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate; CMC, Critical micelle concentration; DDM, n-Dodecyl-β-D-maltoside; EOT, Extraordinary optical transmission; EGF, ...
... Adenosine-5′-triphosphate; BACE1, β-Site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1; BPM, Biophysical Mapping; CHAPSO, 3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate; CMC, Critical micelle concentration; DDM, n-Dodecyl-β-D-maltoside; EOT, Extraordinary optical transmission; EGF, ...
Forebrain glutamatergic neurons mediate leptin action on
... measured. Entry was defined as all four paws being positioned within one arm. The degree of anxiety was assessed by calculating the percentage of open arm entries (entries into the open arms/total entries into all arms) and percentage of open arm time (time spent in the open arms/total time spent in ...
... measured. Entry was defined as all four paws being positioned within one arm. The degree of anxiety was assessed by calculating the percentage of open arm entries (entries into the open arms/total entries into all arms) and percentage of open arm time (time spent in the open arms/total time spent in ...
- The Pawson Lab
... Preparation of Xenopus Embryos, Synthetic RNA, Lineage Trace, and Animal Cap Explants Embryos were obtained by artificial insemination after induction of females with 500 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Capped mRNA was made using the SP6 mMessage mMachine kit (Ambion, Aust ...
... Preparation of Xenopus Embryos, Synthetic RNA, Lineage Trace, and Animal Cap Explants Embryos were obtained by artificial insemination after induction of females with 500 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Capped mRNA was made using the SP6 mMessage mMachine kit (Ambion, Aust ...
NMDA receptor
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR), is a glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells. It is activated when glutamate and glycine (or D-serine) bind to it, and when activated it allows positively charged ions to flow through the cell membrane. The NMDA receptor is very important for controlling synaptic plasticity and memory function.The NMDAR is a specific type of ionotropic glutamate receptor. The NMDA receptor is named this because the agonist molecule N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) binds selectively to it, and not to other glutamate receptors. Activation of NMDA receptors results in the opening of an ion channel that is nonselective to cations with a reversal potential near 0 mV. A property of the NMDA receptor is its voltage-dependent activation, a result of ion channel block by extracellular Mg2+ & Zn2+ ions. This allows the flow of Na+ and small amounts of Ca2+ ions into the cell and K+ out of the cell to be voltage-dependent.Calcium flux through NMDARs is thought to be critical in synaptic plasticity, a cellular mechanism for learning and memory. The NMDA receptor is distinct in two ways: first, it is both ligand-gated and voltage-dependent; second, it requires co-activation by two ligands: glutamate and either D-serine or glycine.The activity of the NMDA receptor is affected by many psychoactive drugs such as phencyclidine (PCP), alcohol (ethanol) and dextromethorphan (DXM). The anaesthetic effects of the drugs ketamine and nitrous oxide are partially because of their effects on NMDA receptor activity.