Vesicle turnover in developing neurons: how to build a - LIRA-Lab
... These data suggest that the dynamics of presynaptic terminal not only are affected by the action of released glutamate on presynaptic AMPA and kainate receptors but also involve postsynaptic feedback mechanisms that would be important for coordinating the formation of a new functional synapse [52]. ...
... These data suggest that the dynamics of presynaptic terminal not only are affected by the action of released glutamate on presynaptic AMPA and kainate receptors but also involve postsynaptic feedback mechanisms that would be important for coordinating the formation of a new functional synapse [52]. ...
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl
... of stimulus antagonism with a 5-HTlc- or 5-HT2-selective antagonist. T o date, no such agents exist. Although the neuroleptic agent spiperone binds a t D2 dopamine receptors and B-HT~A serotonin receptors, (a) it displays about a 1000-fold selectivity for 5-HT2 versus 5-HTlc sites and (b)it has been ...
... of stimulus antagonism with a 5-HTlc- or 5-HT2-selective antagonist. T o date, no such agents exist. Although the neuroleptic agent spiperone binds a t D2 dopamine receptors and B-HT~A serotonin receptors, (a) it displays about a 1000-fold selectivity for 5-HT2 versus 5-HTlc sites and (b)it has been ...
Differential expression and regulation of two distinct
... to both aFGF and bFGF in the 45Ca2+ efflux assays. Interestingly, FGFR-4 binds aFGF with high affinity but it does not bind bFGF (Partanen et al., 1991). The development of the amphibian embryo involves a series of inductive events. The first of these is thought to be mesoderm induction, which is be ...
... to both aFGF and bFGF in the 45Ca2+ efflux assays. Interestingly, FGFR-4 binds aFGF with high affinity but it does not bind bFGF (Partanen et al., 1991). The development of the amphibian embryo involves a series of inductive events. The first of these is thought to be mesoderm induction, which is be ...
Memantine is a clinically well tolerated N-methyl-D
... was completely devoid of such activity. In 1972 Merz and Co. applied for a German patent demonstrating that this compound (code D 145) has central nervous system (CNS) activity indicating potential for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, spasticity and cerebral disorders like coma, cerebrovascular ...
... was completely devoid of such activity. In 1972 Merz and Co. applied for a German patent demonstrating that this compound (code D 145) has central nervous system (CNS) activity indicating potential for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, spasticity and cerebral disorders like coma, cerebrovascular ...
Nitrogen Assimilation
... Adenylylation of Tyrosine 397 on EACH of the 12 subunits Adenyl = group attached Adenylylation = group attached and process For example: An acyl group attached via an acylation reaction is ...
... Adenylylation of Tyrosine 397 on EACH of the 12 subunits Adenyl = group attached Adenylylation = group attached and process For example: An acyl group attached via an acylation reaction is ...
Synergistic interaction between C5a and NOD2 signaling
... pathways, including pathogen-recognition receptors (PRRs), as well as circulating innate immune pathways, such as complement, are activated by pathogens/danger signals, inducing inflammatory responses in response to infection and/or tissue injury. While individual signaling pathways for PRRs and com ...
... pathways, including pathogen-recognition receptors (PRRs), as well as circulating innate immune pathways, such as complement, are activated by pathogens/danger signals, inducing inflammatory responses in response to infection and/or tissue injury. While individual signaling pathways for PRRs and com ...
Opioid Pharmacology : new insight and clinical relevance
... – Not cause respiratory depression or to decease GI motility → Analgesia without -opioid side effect ...
... – Not cause respiratory depression or to decease GI motility → Analgesia without -opioid side effect ...
Effect of dopamine receptor stimulation on voltage
... receptor agonist (SKF 38393, 10 µM) on the membrane potential and on voltage-dependent fast-inactivating Na+ currents in mPFC pyramidal neurons obtained from adult (9-week-old) rats. Treatment of the pyramidal neurons with SKF 38393 did not affect the membrane potential recorded with the perforated- ...
... receptor agonist (SKF 38393, 10 µM) on the membrane potential and on voltage-dependent fast-inactivating Na+ currents in mPFC pyramidal neurons obtained from adult (9-week-old) rats. Treatment of the pyramidal neurons with SKF 38393 did not affect the membrane potential recorded with the perforated- ...
Tese final so frentes - Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
... Amyothrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal disease categorized by a selective degeneration of motor neurons from the cerebral cortex, brainstem and spinal cord that provokes muscle atrophy, progressive paralysis and death due to respiratory failure. The etiology of most ALS case ...
... Amyothrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal disease categorized by a selective degeneration of motor neurons from the cerebral cortex, brainstem and spinal cord that provokes muscle atrophy, progressive paralysis and death due to respiratory failure. The etiology of most ALS case ...
Olfactory modulation by dopamine in the context of aversive learning
... This task is made all the more difficult because most resources have patchy distributions and varying reward values. This variability establishes different behavioral contexts in which sensory information is encoded by the nervous system. The nervous system must therefore adjust its activity so that ...
... This task is made all the more difficult because most resources have patchy distributions and varying reward values. This variability establishes different behavioral contexts in which sensory information is encoded by the nervous system. The nervous system must therefore adjust its activity so that ...
Evolving Concepts in G Protein-Coupled Receptor Endocytosis: The
... proteins and the cellular endocytic machinery, it is becoming clear that GPCR endocytosis is regulated by a myriad of complex determinants. Although many of the molecular mechanisms first described for the 2-adrenergic receptor (2AR) might apply equally well to other GPCRs, this is more likely to ...
... proteins and the cellular endocytic machinery, it is becoming clear that GPCR endocytosis is regulated by a myriad of complex determinants. Although many of the molecular mechanisms first described for the 2-adrenergic receptor (2AR) might apply equally well to other GPCRs, this is more likely to ...
A táplálékfelvétel, a só- és vízháztartás neuroanatómiája
... - the effects of leptin on appetite and energy balance are mediated by hypothalamic neurons: basal hypothalamic lesions prevent leptin action in the brain - brain microvessels bind and internalize leptin. Leptin may gain access to neurons by receptor mediated transcytosis - leptin receptors (Ob-Rb) ...
... - the effects of leptin on appetite and energy balance are mediated by hypothalamic neurons: basal hypothalamic lesions prevent leptin action in the brain - brain microvessels bind and internalize leptin. Leptin may gain access to neurons by receptor mediated transcytosis - leptin receptors (Ob-Rb) ...
Opposite Functions of Histamine H1 and H2 Receptors and H3
... control vs. 67.4 ⫾ 3.6 mV during histamine, n ⫽ 11) and base duration (0.97 ⫾ 0.07 vs. 0.98 ⫾ 0.08 ms). The fast AHP (fAHP, 20.1 ⫾ 2.1 vs. 19.9 ⫾ 2.4 mV) and medium AHP (mAHP, 10.6 ⫾ 1.5 vs. 10.6 ⫾ 1.7 mV) were also not affected (Fig. 2B). These results indicate that histamine was not affecting volt ...
... control vs. 67.4 ⫾ 3.6 mV during histamine, n ⫽ 11) and base duration (0.97 ⫾ 0.07 vs. 0.98 ⫾ 0.08 ms). The fast AHP (fAHP, 20.1 ⫾ 2.1 vs. 19.9 ⫾ 2.4 mV) and medium AHP (mAHP, 10.6 ⫾ 1.5 vs. 10.6 ⫾ 1.7 mV) were also not affected (Fig. 2B). These results indicate that histamine was not affecting volt ...
Insights into Rapid Modulation of Neuroplasticity by Brain Estrogens
... focusing on synapse structure and function; and 4) explore the cellular mechanisms and pathways that potentially underlie estrogen-induced neuroplasticity in excitatory neurons. By use of this body of literature, we will attempt to establish a model by which estrogenic modulation of neuroplasticity ...
... focusing on synapse structure and function; and 4) explore the cellular mechanisms and pathways that potentially underlie estrogen-induced neuroplasticity in excitatory neurons. By use of this body of literature, we will attempt to establish a model by which estrogenic modulation of neuroplasticity ...
acetylcholine receptors in regenerating muscle
... severing the nerve (see Materials and Methods) . The basal lamina sheaths of the myofibers survive and contain macrophages and myoblasts . Fragments of myofiber membrane are attached to the basal lamina, but they occupy only a small fraction of its surface area. At the synaptic site, basal lamina th ...
... severing the nerve (see Materials and Methods) . The basal lamina sheaths of the myofibers survive and contain macrophages and myoblasts . Fragments of myofiber membrane are attached to the basal lamina, but they occupy only a small fraction of its surface area. At the synaptic site, basal lamina th ...
Effect of Ergot Alkaloids on 3H-Flunitrazepam Binding to Mouse
... also hypotesized2. Ergot drugs have been used clinically in many settings: as diagnostics, cognition enhancers and in the management of orthostatic hypotension. The primary uses of ergot alkaloids today are limited to treatment of postpartum hemorrhage and migraine. To a varying degree these drugs a ...
... also hypotesized2. Ergot drugs have been used clinically in many settings: as diagnostics, cognition enhancers and in the management of orthostatic hypotension. The primary uses of ergot alkaloids today are limited to treatment of postpartum hemorrhage and migraine. To a varying degree these drugs a ...
Regulation of Brain Reward by the Endocannabinoid System: A
... involvement in brain reward systems and the regulation of motivational processes. Behavioral studies have shown that cannabinoid reward may involve the same brain circuits and similar brain mechanisms with other drugs of abuse, such as nicotine, cocaine, alcohol and heroin, as well as natural reward ...
... involvement in brain reward systems and the regulation of motivational processes. Behavioral studies have shown that cannabinoid reward may involve the same brain circuits and similar brain mechanisms with other drugs of abuse, such as nicotine, cocaine, alcohol and heroin, as well as natural reward ...
Identify domains in LPHN3 crucial to synaptic density.
... Specific Aims 2: Discover small molecules that can recover synaptic density in LPHN3 mutant domains previously identified. Specific Aims 3: My long-term goal is to discover a new way to treat ADHD patients with mutant LPHN3 phenotypes. ...
... Specific Aims 2: Discover small molecules that can recover synaptic density in LPHN3 mutant domains previously identified. Specific Aims 3: My long-term goal is to discover a new way to treat ADHD patients with mutant LPHN3 phenotypes. ...
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS: AN OVERVIEW Review Article
... Blockage of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is now recognized as an effective approach to the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Today, it is possible to antagonize the effects of angiotensin II (AT-II) more specifically by blocking its receptors by using nonpeptide receptor ...
... Blockage of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is now recognized as an effective approach to the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Today, it is possible to antagonize the effects of angiotensin II (AT-II) more specifically by blocking its receptors by using nonpeptide receptor ...
A chemogenomic analysis of the transmembrane binding cavity of
... (3) no TM domain at all could be detected (e.g., CRCP_HUMAN). The TM cavity-derived phylogenetic tree obtained from 369 human nonredundant nonolfactory GPCRs is shown in Figure 2. A total of 22 clusters were defined in order to encompass the maximum number of related entries within a branch character ...
... (3) no TM domain at all could be detected (e.g., CRCP_HUMAN). The TM cavity-derived phylogenetic tree obtained from 369 human nonredundant nonolfactory GPCRs is shown in Figure 2. A total of 22 clusters were defined in order to encompass the maximum number of related entries within a branch character ...
Presence of vesicular glutamate transporter-2 in
... stimulatory effects have also been observed in other species (Estienne et al., 1989; Shahab et al., 1993). Some of the actions of glutamate on the somatotropic axis may also be exerted at the hypophysial level. Ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors are expressed by anterior pituitary cells ...
... stimulatory effects have also been observed in other species (Estienne et al., 1989; Shahab et al., 1993). Some of the actions of glutamate on the somatotropic axis may also be exerted at the hypophysial level. Ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors are expressed by anterior pituitary cells ...
Probability of Transmitter Release at Neocortical
... Bean 1988). Because the MK-801 blocks only open channels, the rate of the blockade of the NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses depends on the release probability. This method has been successfully applied to calculate release probabilities at synapses in cultures of hippocampal cells and in sli ...
... Bean 1988). Because the MK-801 blocks only open channels, the rate of the blockade of the NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses depends on the release probability. This method has been successfully applied to calculate release probabilities at synapses in cultures of hippocampal cells and in sli ...
The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and GABAergic
... penetrance. Some families show complete penetrance of the trait (100%), whereas other families show reduced penetrance (29-87%). However, more recent data point to a greater heterogeneity in the genetics of ADNFLE, involving possibly more than one affected gene (Combi et al., 2004). In the current r ...
... penetrance. Some families show complete penetrance of the trait (100%), whereas other families show reduced penetrance (29-87%). However, more recent data point to a greater heterogeneity in the genetics of ADNFLE, involving possibly more than one affected gene (Combi et al., 2004). In the current r ...
Amino Acid Residues Contributing to Function of
... pathway that leads to the production of intracellular second messengers and subsequent opening of ion channels [24]. In contrast, how the insect Or-Orco complex converts odorant or pheromone binding to OSN depolarization is less well understood. While insect Ors were initially assumed to be seven tr ...
... pathway that leads to the production of intracellular second messengers and subsequent opening of ion channels [24]. In contrast, how the insect Or-Orco complex converts odorant or pheromone binding to OSN depolarization is less well understood. While insect Ors were initially assumed to be seven tr ...
NMDA receptor
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR), is a glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells. It is activated when glutamate and glycine (or D-serine) bind to it, and when activated it allows positively charged ions to flow through the cell membrane. The NMDA receptor is very important for controlling synaptic plasticity and memory function.The NMDAR is a specific type of ionotropic glutamate receptor. The NMDA receptor is named this because the agonist molecule N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) binds selectively to it, and not to other glutamate receptors. Activation of NMDA receptors results in the opening of an ion channel that is nonselective to cations with a reversal potential near 0 mV. A property of the NMDA receptor is its voltage-dependent activation, a result of ion channel block by extracellular Mg2+ & Zn2+ ions. This allows the flow of Na+ and small amounts of Ca2+ ions into the cell and K+ out of the cell to be voltage-dependent.Calcium flux through NMDARs is thought to be critical in synaptic plasticity, a cellular mechanism for learning and memory. The NMDA receptor is distinct in two ways: first, it is both ligand-gated and voltage-dependent; second, it requires co-activation by two ligands: glutamate and either D-serine or glycine.The activity of the NMDA receptor is affected by many psychoactive drugs such as phencyclidine (PCP), alcohol (ethanol) and dextromethorphan (DXM). The anaesthetic effects of the drugs ketamine and nitrous oxide are partially because of their effects on NMDA receptor activity.