9 Early Earth
... vapour. Abe (1993) suggested that the terrestrial oceans were produced in less than 1000 years due to heavy rain, with raining rates at 7000 mm/year, 10 times the present raining rate at tropical latitudes. Assuming an atmospheric pressure at the surface of several hundred bars, water starts to cond ...
... vapour. Abe (1993) suggested that the terrestrial oceans were produced in less than 1000 years due to heavy rain, with raining rates at 7000 mm/year, 10 times the present raining rate at tropical latitudes. Assuming an atmospheric pressure at the surface of several hundred bars, water starts to cond ...
Dynamic Earth
... • Mantle – thickest layer of plastic molten rock – Mostly silicon and magnesium asthenosphere: upper part; where convection currents are found ...
... • Mantle – thickest layer of plastic molten rock – Mostly silicon and magnesium asthenosphere: upper part; where convection currents are found ...
of the same age is form in southern Africa, South America, India, and
... would be nearly impossible to explain currently without the knowledge that at one point nearly 200 million years ago, the supercontinent Pangae existed, which placed these 5 current day continents next to each other. The image to the right should give you an idea of their placement, and should give ...
... would be nearly impossible to explain currently without the knowledge that at one point nearly 200 million years ago, the supercontinent Pangae existed, which placed these 5 current day continents next to each other. The image to the right should give you an idea of their placement, and should give ...
Earth Science
... Determine the approximate age of a sample, when given the half-life of a radioactive substance (in graph or tabular form) along with the ratio of daughter to parent substances present in the sample. Explain why C-14 can be used to date a 40,000 year old tree but U-Pb cannot. Identify a sequence of g ...
... Determine the approximate age of a sample, when given the half-life of a radioactive substance (in graph or tabular form) along with the ratio of daughter to parent substances present in the sample. Explain why C-14 can be used to date a 40,000 year old tree but U-Pb cannot. Identify a sequence of g ...
GEOLOGY FOR MINING ENGINEERS
... (a) Mercury is a small planet close to the Sun. Consequently, most of the lighter elements have long since been boiled off into space, and today the surface is solid and rocky. (b) Jupiter, on the other hand, is composed mainly of gases and liquids, with a Prof.Dr.Kadir Dirik Lecture Notes small sol ...
... (a) Mercury is a small planet close to the Sun. Consequently, most of the lighter elements have long since been boiled off into space, and today the surface is solid and rocky. (b) Jupiter, on the other hand, is composed mainly of gases and liquids, with a Prof.Dr.Kadir Dirik Lecture Notes small sol ...
1 Section 4.4 - Sea- Floor Spreading Directions
... 7. As India and Australia move in different directions, what type of plate boundary will form between them? divergent 8. What features could occur where the northern part of the Indo-Australian plate is colliding with the Eurasian plate? Convergent plate boundary where 2 continental crusts collide = ...
... 7. As India and Australia move in different directions, what type of plate boundary will form between them? divergent 8. What features could occur where the northern part of the Indo-Australian plate is colliding with the Eurasian plate? Convergent plate boundary where 2 continental crusts collide = ...
oceanic ridges
... Scientists have found that continental crust is sooooo much older (up to 4 billion years old) than even the oldest oceanic crust (about 170 million years old) found so far on the earth today Scientists have not found really really old oceanic crust yet because the old stuff usually gets recycled ...
... Scientists have found that continental crust is sooooo much older (up to 4 billion years old) than even the oldest oceanic crust (about 170 million years old) found so far on the earth today Scientists have not found really really old oceanic crust yet because the old stuff usually gets recycled ...
presentation
... mantle rocks have a higher magnesium to iron ratio, and a smaller portion of silicon and aluminum than the crust. • Lithosphere versus asthenosphere: While the lithosphere behaves as a rigid body over geologic time scales, the asthenosphere deforms in ductile fashion. The lithosphere is fragmented i ...
... mantle rocks have a higher magnesium to iron ratio, and a smaller portion of silicon and aluminum than the crust. • Lithosphere versus asthenosphere: While the lithosphere behaves as a rigid body over geologic time scales, the asthenosphere deforms in ductile fashion. The lithosphere is fragmented i ...
Plate Tectonics
... He suggested that all of the ____________________________________ were once ___________________________ together to form a _____________________________________________ Pangaea Wegener called this super landmass _____________________________ and believed that it broke apart _____________________ ...
... He suggested that all of the ____________________________________ were once ___________________________ together to form a _____________________________________________ Pangaea Wegener called this super landmass _____________________________ and believed that it broke apart _____________________ ...
File 8th Grade Science Vocabulary Review GAME!.
... The apparent change in frequency of a sound caused by the motion of either the listener or the source of the ...
... The apparent change in frequency of a sound caused by the motion of either the listener or the source of the ...
PDF (Chapter 2. Comparative Planetology)
... Earth's surface. The oceanic crust on the Earth is renewed every 200 million years but the continents survive much longer. If Venus had an identical bulk composition and structure to the Earth, then its mean density would be about 5.34 gfcm 3 . By 'identical structure' I mean that (1) most of the ir ...
... Earth's surface. The oceanic crust on the Earth is renewed every 200 million years but the continents survive much longer. If Venus had an identical bulk composition and structure to the Earth, then its mean density would be about 5.34 gfcm 3 . By 'identical structure' I mean that (1) most of the ir ...
Plate Movement and Geological Events
... Slab Pull – Because oceanic lithosphere is denser than the asthenosphere, the edge of the tectonic plate that contains oceanic lithosphere sinks and pulls the rest of the tectonic plate with it in a process called slab pull. ...
... Slab Pull – Because oceanic lithosphere is denser than the asthenosphere, the edge of the tectonic plate that contains oceanic lithosphere sinks and pulls the rest of the tectonic plate with it in a process called slab pull. ...
File
... Theory of continental drift Continents were once all joined together as Pangaea. ……..a supercontinent. 200 million years ago Pangaea began to break apart. Pangaea divided into Laurasia and Gondwanaland… They further divided into the continents we know today…. ...
... Theory of continental drift Continents were once all joined together as Pangaea. ……..a supercontinent. 200 million years ago Pangaea began to break apart. Pangaea divided into Laurasia and Gondwanaland… They further divided into the continents we know today…. ...
Land & The Earth
... Crust– 1st layer is solid rock. The thinnest layer. Lithosphere – The layer that is the crust and the top of the mantle. Lithos means “rock”. Asthenosphere – The layer just below the lithosphere & is part of the upper mantle. Acts like a plastic, with low density. The layer that moves the crustal pl ...
... Crust– 1st layer is solid rock. The thinnest layer. Lithosphere – The layer that is the crust and the top of the mantle. Lithos means “rock”. Asthenosphere – The layer just below the lithosphere & is part of the upper mantle. Acts like a plastic, with low density. The layer that moves the crustal pl ...
Geology and Nonrenewable Minerals
... Concept 14-2 The three major types of rocks found in the earth’s crust—sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic—are recycled very slowly by the process of erosion, melting, and ...
... Concept 14-2 The three major types of rocks found in the earth’s crust—sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic—are recycled very slowly by the process of erosion, melting, and ...
Lesson 3: The formation of mountains Factsheet for teachers
... There are fossilised sea shells and marine deposits within the rocks of Mount Everest, where once the plate was at sea level, before slowly being forced upwards. Mount Everest continues to grow higher at the rate of 4mm per year as the plates continue to move. The Andes: The Andes Mountains are loca ...
... There are fossilised sea shells and marine deposits within the rocks of Mount Everest, where once the plate was at sea level, before slowly being forced upwards. Mount Everest continues to grow higher at the rate of 4mm per year as the plates continue to move. The Andes: The Andes Mountains are loca ...
Lesson 3: The formation of mountains Factsheet for teachers
... There are fossilised sea shells and marine deposits within the rocks of Mount Everest, where once the plate was at sea level, before slowly being forced upwards. Mount Everest continues to grow higher at the rate of 4mm per year as the plates continue to move. The Andes: The Andes Mountains are loca ...
... There are fossilised sea shells and marine deposits within the rocks of Mount Everest, where once the plate was at sea level, before slowly being forced upwards. Mount Everest continues to grow higher at the rate of 4mm per year as the plates continue to move. The Andes: The Andes Mountains are loca ...
phy226 tutorial kit - Covenant University
... each other and this process is called subduction. One plate is forced under another, and because it is thin in relation to its breadth, the lower plate bends sharply before descending to depths of several hundred kilometres were it is absorbed. An example is the south-eastern margin of the ...
... each other and this process is called subduction. One plate is forced under another, and because it is thin in relation to its breadth, the lower plate bends sharply before descending to depths of several hundred kilometres were it is absorbed. An example is the south-eastern margin of the ...
Earth Science Lesson 9: Earth`s History Earth looks very different
... The history of the North American craton is an example of what generally happened to the cratons during the Precambrian. As the craton drifted, it collided with microcontinents and oceanic island arcs, which were added to the continents. Convergence was especially active between 1.5 and 1.0 billion ...
... The history of the North American craton is an example of what generally happened to the cratons during the Precambrian. As the craton drifted, it collided with microcontinents and oceanic island arcs, which were added to the continents. Convergence was especially active between 1.5 and 1.0 billion ...
Igneous Rocks - My Illinois State
... • a coherent, naturally occurring solid, consisting of an aggregate of one or more minerals, or a mass of natural glass or organic matter. ...
... • a coherent, naturally occurring solid, consisting of an aggregate of one or more minerals, or a mass of natural glass or organic matter. ...
Provincial Exam Review: Earth Science Natural Causes of Climate
... Natural Causes of Climate Change 1. What is meant by the term “climate”? 2. List three kinds of evidence that can be used to study climate changes that have occurred in the past. 3. What is the natural greenhouse effect? 4. How much cooler would Earth be on average without the natural greenhouse eff ...
... Natural Causes of Climate Change 1. What is meant by the term “climate”? 2. List three kinds of evidence that can be used to study climate changes that have occurred in the past. 3. What is the natural greenhouse effect? 4. How much cooler would Earth be on average without the natural greenhouse eff ...
Age of the Earth
The age of the Earth is 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years (4.54 × 109 years ± 1%). This age is based on evidence from radiometric age dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the radiometric ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples.Following the development of radiometric age dating in the early 20th century, measurements of lead in uranium-rich minerals showed that some were in excess of a billion years old.The oldest such minerals analyzed to date—small crystals of zircon from the Jack Hills of Western Australia—are at least 4.404 billion years old. Comparing the mass and luminosity of the Sun to those of other stars, it appears that the Solar System cannot be much older than those rocks. Calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions – the oldest known solid constituents within meteorites that are formed within the Solar System – are 4.567 billion years old, giving an age for the solar system and an upper limit for the age of Earth.It is hypothesised that the accretion of Earth began soon after the formation of the calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions and the meteorites. Because the exact amount of time this accretion process took is not yet known, and the predictions from different accretion models range from a few millions up to about 100 million years, the exact age of Earth is difficult to determine. It is also difficult to determine the exact age of the oldest rocks on Earth, exposed at the surface, as they are aggregates of minerals of possibly different ages.