SpoIIQ Anchors Membrane Proteins on Both Sides of
... Shortly after polar division, the mother cell engulfs the forespore in a phagocytic-like process generating a cell-within-acell. As a result of engulfment, the forespore is surrounded by two membranes: its own referred to as the inner forespore membrane and one derived from the mother cell called th ...
... Shortly after polar division, the mother cell engulfs the forespore in a phagocytic-like process generating a cell-within-acell. As a result of engulfment, the forespore is surrounded by two membranes: its own referred to as the inner forespore membrane and one derived from the mother cell called th ...
Chapter 2 Protein Composition and Structure
... 39. What is the advantage of having 20 different amino acids available to form proteins? Ans: The amino acids provide a rich diversity of functional groups, which can independently contribute to protein structure and function. In addition, many can be modified, increasing the diversity of functional ...
... 39. What is the advantage of having 20 different amino acids available to form proteins? Ans: The amino acids provide a rich diversity of functional groups, which can independently contribute to protein structure and function. In addition, many can be modified, increasing the diversity of functional ...
A Distinct and Parallel Pathway for the Nuclear Import of an mRNA
... members of this family were shown to interact with Ran, and one member, human Crm1, was identified via its interaction with a repeat-containing nucleoporin (Fornerod et al., 1997a; Görlich et al., 1997; Wolff et al., 1997). Homology to known members of the b karyopherin family suggested that these p ...
... members of this family were shown to interact with Ran, and one member, human Crm1, was identified via its interaction with a repeat-containing nucleoporin (Fornerod et al., 1997a; Görlich et al., 1997; Wolff et al., 1997). Homology to known members of the b karyopherin family suggested that these p ...
Modular evolution of phosphorylation
... indicates its importance in cellular function. The relative abundance of pSer/pThr-binding domains when compared with pTyr-recognition modules reflects the fact that the phosphorylation of serine/threonine sites is more ancient and more prevalent than tyrosine phosphorylation. A particular phosphope ...
... indicates its importance in cellular function. The relative abundance of pSer/pThr-binding domains when compared with pTyr-recognition modules reflects the fact that the phosphorylation of serine/threonine sites is more ancient and more prevalent than tyrosine phosphorylation. A particular phosphope ...
Phospholipase C-γ1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for
... tried to examine the influence of EGF by investigating the interaction between endogenous PLC-γ1 and dynamin-1 from PC12 cells. Dynamin-1 maximally co-precipitated with PLCγ1 after EGF treatment for 5 minutes (Fig. 2A). Consistent with our results, it has been reported that dynamin-1 associated with ...
... tried to examine the influence of EGF by investigating the interaction between endogenous PLC-γ1 and dynamin-1 from PC12 cells. Dynamin-1 maximally co-precipitated with PLCγ1 after EGF treatment for 5 minutes (Fig. 2A). Consistent with our results, it has been reported that dynamin-1 associated with ...
Two dileucine motifs mediate late endosomal/lysosomal targeting of
... via a direct route to endosomes and from there to lysosomes, or they can follow an indirect pathway via the plasma membrane and re-uptake by endocytosis [8]. The extent to which these routes are utilized and also the dependency on the different AP complexes (AP1−AP4) in the case of the YXXØ and [DE] ...
... via a direct route to endosomes and from there to lysosomes, or they can follow an indirect pathway via the plasma membrane and re-uptake by endocytosis [8]. The extent to which these routes are utilized and also the dependency on the different AP complexes (AP1−AP4) in the case of the YXXØ and [DE] ...
PPT
... • Assign all of the residues in the peptide the appropriate set of parameters. • Scan through the peptide and identify regions where 4 out of 6 contiguous residues have P(a-helix) > 100. • That region is declared an alpha-helix. Extend the helix in both directions until a set of four contiguous resi ...
... • Assign all of the residues in the peptide the appropriate set of parameters. • Scan through the peptide and identify regions where 4 out of 6 contiguous residues have P(a-helix) > 100. • That region is declared an alpha-helix. Extend the helix in both directions until a set of four contiguous resi ...
Career of Tom Muir
... ■ First example of protein splicing by small molecule ■ MBP and His are model protein ■ No structural or sequence restrictions to exteins ...
... ■ First example of protein splicing by small molecule ■ MBP and His are model protein ■ No structural or sequence restrictions to exteins ...
Table S1.
... genome by site-specific recombination. In conjunction with excisionase, integrase is also necessary for excision of the prophage from the host genome. ...
... genome by site-specific recombination. In conjunction with excisionase, integrase is also necessary for excision of the prophage from the host genome. ...
Linking folding and binding
... binding to its target, the KIX domain of the transcriptional coactivators CBP/p300 [32]. pKID is largely unstructured in solution [33] and folds upon binding into a pair of helices (aA and aB) that contact a particular face of the folded KIX domain [34]. Upon binding to KIX, pKID forms a weak enco ...
... binding to its target, the KIX domain of the transcriptional coactivators CBP/p300 [32]. pKID is largely unstructured in solution [33] and folds upon binding into a pair of helices (aA and aB) that contact a particular face of the folded KIX domain [34]. Upon binding to KIX, pKID forms a weak enco ...
Isolation, Properties and a Possible Function of a Water
... The rapeseed and radish proteins were postulated to function as an inhibitor of proteases since their amino acid sequences contain the signature motif of the Kiinitz family of protease inhibitors (Reviron et al. 1992, Lopez et al. 1994). This possibility could not be examined, however, because the p ...
... The rapeseed and radish proteins were postulated to function as an inhibitor of proteases since their amino acid sequences contain the signature motif of the Kiinitz family of protease inhibitors (Reviron et al. 1992, Lopez et al. 1994). This possibility could not be examined, however, because the p ...
Pvlea-18, a Member of a New Late-Embryogenesis
... The results in Figure 1c show that even 50 mg of GST was unable to block the detection of the 14-kD protein, indicating that the detected protein was not related to GST. Therefore, we can conclude that the antibodies specifically recognized the PvLEA-18 protein. As indicated above, the immunodetecte ...
... The results in Figure 1c show that even 50 mg of GST was unable to block the detection of the 14-kD protein, indicating that the detected protein was not related to GST. Therefore, we can conclude that the antibodies specifically recognized the PvLEA-18 protein. As indicated above, the immunodetecte ...
Identification of a New Protein Localized at Sites of Cell
... the proteins currently known to be localized at sites of actinmembrane-substrate interaction is that they are abundant proteins readily purified from muscle. It was from this fertile source that vinculin, talin, and a-actinin, three of the major components of fibroblast adhesion plaques, have been i ...
... the proteins currently known to be localized at sites of actinmembrane-substrate interaction is that they are abundant proteins readily purified from muscle. It was from this fertile source that vinculin, talin, and a-actinin, three of the major components of fibroblast adhesion plaques, have been i ...
Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging of Transcription Factor Proteins
... offer the possibility of directly studying proteins from a sample without the need for protein modification (i.e., fluorescent tagging) or prior knowledge of the protein’s structure or function. In this paper, we report the use of DNA arrays and SPR imaging to study the sequence-specific binding of ...
... offer the possibility of directly studying proteins from a sample without the need for protein modification (i.e., fluorescent tagging) or prior knowledge of the protein’s structure or function. In this paper, we report the use of DNA arrays and SPR imaging to study the sequence-specific binding of ...
Protein thermostability in Archaea and Eubacteria
... show a significantly higher number of disulfide bridges as compared to thermophilic Eubacteria. However, thermophiles in general have a higher number of disulfide bridges as compared to mesophiles (Mallick et al., 2002). Contrary to this, other findings suggest that disulfide bridges may not be as i ...
... show a significantly higher number of disulfide bridges as compared to thermophilic Eubacteria. However, thermophiles in general have a higher number of disulfide bridges as compared to mesophiles (Mallick et al., 2002). Contrary to this, other findings suggest that disulfide bridges may not be as i ...
Chapter-Translation (Prokaryotes)
... c) Translocation-Following peptide bond formation, translocation occurs and the ribosome shifts to the following codon. The newly formed protein chain with two amino acids is bound to the second tRNA. It now moves into the P site expelling the uncharged tRNA and the A site becomes free or unoccupied ...
... c) Translocation-Following peptide bond formation, translocation occurs and the ribosome shifts to the following codon. The newly formed protein chain with two amino acids is bound to the second tRNA. It now moves into the P site expelling the uncharged tRNA and the A site becomes free or unoccupied ...
Recombinant Brassinosteroid Insensitive 1 Receptor-Like
... literature. Receptor kinases have been thoroughly studied in animal systems and play a proven role in many signal transduction pathways. For example, binding of vertebrate epidermal growth factor to its cognate receptor kinase results in receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation on Tyr residues ...
... literature. Receptor kinases have been thoroughly studied in animal systems and play a proven role in many signal transduction pathways. For example, binding of vertebrate epidermal growth factor to its cognate receptor kinase results in receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation on Tyr residues ...
A new subfamily of fungal subtilases: structural and functional
... characterization of its glycoside moiety Comparison of the PoSl amino acid sequence with that of the mature protein N-terminus allowed us to identify the putative PoSl pre-propeptide. The putative pre-peptide (2124 2108) was identified as a secretion signal by the program SignalP; consequently the p ...
... characterization of its glycoside moiety Comparison of the PoSl amino acid sequence with that of the mature protein N-terminus allowed us to identify the putative PoSl pre-propeptide. The putative pre-peptide (2124 2108) was identified as a secretion signal by the program SignalP; consequently the p ...
Lecture 24
... basic mechanism of protein expression in cells, but without using intact live cells. The cell-free expression system should be able to utilize a wide variety of DNA templates and be able to express proteins with high reproducibility. The most important feature is to be able to produce proteins on de ...
... basic mechanism of protein expression in cells, but without using intact live cells. The cell-free expression system should be able to utilize a wide variety of DNA templates and be able to express proteins with high reproducibility. The most important feature is to be able to produce proteins on de ...
A Study of the Membrane–Water Interface Region of Membrane
... membrane proteins in the study. The global view In agreement with earlier findings,2 the secondary structure composition in the G10 Å central region of the membrane is almost 100% helix, Figure 1(a). The helix content steadily decreases from the center of the membrane to a minimum at around G35 Å. ...
... membrane proteins in the study. The global view In agreement with earlier findings,2 the secondary structure composition in the G10 Å central region of the membrane is almost 100% helix, Figure 1(a). The helix content steadily decreases from the center of the membrane to a minimum at around G35 Å. ...
everything you need to know about protein - Bio
... this lost tissue as quickly as possible. One type of protein may offer specific benefits that another protein may not. Since your body uses the different attributes of proteins for a wide variety of functions, it is best to consume several types of protein each day. For this reason Bio-Synergy uses ...
... this lost tissue as quickly as possible. One type of protein may offer specific benefits that another protein may not. Since your body uses the different attributes of proteins for a wide variety of functions, it is best to consume several types of protein each day. For this reason Bio-Synergy uses ...
X-ray structure of the C-terminal domain of a coronavirus nucle
... Coronaviridae, a member of the order Nidovirales, is a family of viruses which are significant causative agents of human upper respiratory infections including common colds and other severe illnesses such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome). The coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a dia ...
... Coronaviridae, a member of the order Nidovirales, is a family of viruses which are significant causative agents of human upper respiratory infections including common colds and other severe illnesses such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome). The coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a dia ...
Polycystin-2 takes different routes to the somatic and ciliary plasma
... OFD1 (a protein mutated in patients with oral-facial-digital syndrome, which is also associated with polycystic kidney disease), and cystin (mutated in a spontaneous model of polycystic kidney disease in the mouse; Yoder, 2007). No consensus has yet emerged for the role of primary cilia in mammalian ...
... OFD1 (a protein mutated in patients with oral-facial-digital syndrome, which is also associated with polycystic kidney disease), and cystin (mutated in a spontaneous model of polycystic kidney disease in the mouse; Yoder, 2007). No consensus has yet emerged for the role of primary cilia in mammalian ...
10_Lecture
... • Penicillin binds to the active site of an enzyme that bacteria use in the synthesis of their cell walls. • When the bacterial enzyme bonds with penicillin, the enzyme loses its catalytic activity, and the growth of the bacterial cell wall slows. • Without a proper cell wall for protection, bacteri ...
... • Penicillin binds to the active site of an enzyme that bacteria use in the synthesis of their cell walls. • When the bacterial enzyme bonds with penicillin, the enzyme loses its catalytic activity, and the growth of the bacterial cell wall slows. • Without a proper cell wall for protection, bacteri ...
Protein Motif Recognition I Introduction
... Alignments are probably the most widely used tool for getting an idea of a protein’s 3D structure; however, they are useful only when there are similar protein sequences for which structural information is known. • Use the threading approach. This approach starts with the observation that many prote ...
... Alignments are probably the most widely used tool for getting an idea of a protein’s 3D structure; however, they are useful only when there are similar protein sequences for which structural information is known. • Use the threading approach. This approach starts with the observation that many prote ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).