TREM2/DAP12 Complex Regulates Inflammatory Responses in
... distribution of DAP12 suggests a general function in immune responses. DAP12 consists of a minimal extracellular domain, a transmembrane segment and a cytoplasmic region containing a single immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). An aspartic acid in the transmembrane domain of DAP12 a ...
... distribution of DAP12 suggests a general function in immune responses. DAP12 consists of a minimal extracellular domain, a transmembrane segment and a cytoplasmic region containing a single immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). An aspartic acid in the transmembrane domain of DAP12 a ...
ARF1 and SAR1 GTPases in Endomembrane Trafficking in Plants
... transport (anterograde transport and/or retrograde transport from the Golgi to the ER) [15,16]. It was assumed that two types of COPI-coated vesicles form at the Golgi apparatus level containing anterograde or retrograde cargo (KDEL receptor) and low amounts of Golgi enzymes [17]. Martinez-Menarguez ...
... transport (anterograde transport and/or retrograde transport from the Golgi to the ER) [15,16]. It was assumed that two types of COPI-coated vesicles form at the Golgi apparatus level containing anterograde or retrograde cargo (KDEL receptor) and low amounts of Golgi enzymes [17]. Martinez-Menarguez ...
Automated extraction of mutation data from the literature: application
... the wild-type amino acids (e.g. Ala in ‘A234T’) in the extracted point mutations are found at the indicated positions in the corresponding sequences. For each article, Swiss-Prot entries are selected using the extracted organism type(s) and protein name(s). Point mutations are checked for their wild ...
... the wild-type amino acids (e.g. Ala in ‘A234T’) in the extracted point mutations are found at the indicated positions in the corresponding sequences. For each article, Swiss-Prot entries are selected using the extracted organism type(s) and protein name(s). Point mutations are checked for their wild ...
Structural adaptation of enzymes to low
... where N is the size of the sequence considered and l and m are the number of times the amino acid ai is present in the psychrophilic and in the related protein, respectively. The significance of the observed differences in amino acid composition (temperature weighted and extended to all families) wa ...
... where N is the size of the sequence considered and l and m are the number of times the amino acid ai is present in the psychrophilic and in the related protein, respectively. The significance of the observed differences in amino acid composition (temperature weighted and extended to all families) wa ...
Monoclonal Anti-human IL-18 BP Antibody Catalogue Number
... responses. The expression of IL18 BP is markedly upregulated by IFNγ suggesting that IL-18 activity is modulated by a negative feedback mechanism mediated by IL-18 BP. ...
... responses. The expression of IL18 BP is markedly upregulated by IFNγ suggesting that IL-18 activity is modulated by a negative feedback mechanism mediated by IL-18 BP. ...
PPT
... • Assign all of the residues in the peptide the appropriate set of parameters. • Scan through the peptide and identify regions where 4 out of 6 contiguous residues have P(a-helix) > 100. • That region is declared an alpha-helix. Extend the helix in both directions until a set of four contiguous resi ...
... • Assign all of the residues in the peptide the appropriate set of parameters. • Scan through the peptide and identify regions where 4 out of 6 contiguous residues have P(a-helix) > 100. • That region is declared an alpha-helix. Extend the helix in both directions until a set of four contiguous resi ...
Functional Characterization of a Mitochondrial Ser/Thr Protein
... mitochondrial matrix and to play an important role in both ATP production and insulin secretion (Pagliarini et al., 2005). In short, protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in mitochondria are an important mechanism of cell signaling to regulate metabolic and apoptotic activities. Recently, we ...
... mitochondrial matrix and to play an important role in both ATP production and insulin secretion (Pagliarini et al., 2005). In short, protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in mitochondria are an important mechanism of cell signaling to regulate metabolic and apoptotic activities. Recently, we ...
Article
... Conditions such as environmental stress, viral infection and the absence of required partner proteins can result in the accumulation of aberrantly folded proteins in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The RER has a “quality control” system that targets these misfolded proteins for degradation. T ...
... Conditions such as environmental stress, viral infection and the absence of required partner proteins can result in the accumulation of aberrantly folded proteins in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The RER has a “quality control” system that targets these misfolded proteins for degradation. T ...
Hereditary neutropenia - University of Washington
... mRNA, apparently resulting from nonsense-mediated decay [26]. AP3B1 encodes the b subunit of adaptor protein 3 (AP3). The equivalent mutation is the cause of the rare Hermansky– Pudlak syndrome type 2 (HPS2) in humans – only three families with a total of four children have been described [28 –30] – ...
... mRNA, apparently resulting from nonsense-mediated decay [26]. AP3B1 encodes the b subunit of adaptor protein 3 (AP3). The equivalent mutation is the cause of the rare Hermansky– Pudlak syndrome type 2 (HPS2) in humans – only three families with a total of four children have been described [28 –30] – ...
Protein methylation at the surface and buried deep
... Although most protein lysine methyltransferases are SETdomain family members [4,9], there is an increasing number of seven-beta-strand enzymes being reported that catalyze similar reactions [16–19]. These enzymes result in the formation of monomethyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyllysine residues. Some e ...
... Although most protein lysine methyltransferases are SETdomain family members [4,9], there is an increasing number of seven-beta-strand enzymes being reported that catalyze similar reactions [16–19]. These enzymes result in the formation of monomethyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyllysine residues. Some e ...
Nitrogen catabolite repressible GAP1 promoter, a new tool for
... transporter of γ-aminobutyric acid (Uga4), a human vesicular transporter of glutamate (Vglut1) and a small secreted glycoprotein (MD-2) were also expressed using the nitrogen catabolite regulation. All proteins were fused to GFP and their presence and localization were confirmed by western blot anal ...
... transporter of γ-aminobutyric acid (Uga4), a human vesicular transporter of glutamate (Vglut1) and a small secreted glycoprotein (MD-2) were also expressed using the nitrogen catabolite regulation. All proteins were fused to GFP and their presence and localization were confirmed by western blot anal ...
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
... Genetic diversity and relationships of 11 species and cultivars belonging to different Angiosperms families were examined using sodium dodecyl sulfate seed protein markers. The protein was resolved into 36 bands (for soybean), 41 (for quinoa), 35 (for buckwheat), and 28 to 39 bands of Amaranth speci ...
... Genetic diversity and relationships of 11 species and cultivars belonging to different Angiosperms families were examined using sodium dodecyl sulfate seed protein markers. The protein was resolved into 36 bands (for soybean), 41 (for quinoa), 35 (for buckwheat), and 28 to 39 bands of Amaranth speci ...
Diapositiva 1
... > To become an active ligand requires: > > Autoprocessing reaction > > Palmitoylation of the most amino-terminal cysteine > Once released into the extracellular environment, interacts with different proteins in multimeric form > Targets Patched (Ptc) protein ...
... > To become an active ligand requires: > > Autoprocessing reaction > > Palmitoylation of the most amino-terminal cysteine > Once released into the extracellular environment, interacts with different proteins in multimeric form > Targets Patched (Ptc) protein ...
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition
... Eukaryotic initiation factors and general functions: • eIF2 binds Met-tRNA to ribosomes • eIF2B activates eIF2 replacing its GDP with GTP • eIF1 and eIF1A aid in scanning to initiation codon • eIF3 binds to 40S ribosomal subunit, inhibits reassociation with 60S subunit • eIF4 is a cap-binding protei ...
... Eukaryotic initiation factors and general functions: • eIF2 binds Met-tRNA to ribosomes • eIF2B activates eIF2 replacing its GDP with GTP • eIF1 and eIF1A aid in scanning to initiation codon • eIF3 binds to 40S ribosomal subunit, inhibits reassociation with 60S subunit • eIF4 is a cap-binding protei ...
Protein Targeting to the Nuclear Pore. What Can
... * Corresponding author; e-mail [email protected]; fax ...
... * Corresponding author; e-mail [email protected]; fax ...
Template for Electronic Submission to ACS Journals - Lirias
... 8 is shown in tube representation and residues on β-strand 8 are represented by their side chains only. (c) Superposition of the red-on chromophores of pcDronpa (red), Kaede (grey) and IrisFP (yellow). Color code: oxygen in red; nitrogen in blue; carbon in the color corresponding with the color of t ...
... 8 is shown in tube representation and residues on β-strand 8 are represented by their side chains only. (c) Superposition of the red-on chromophores of pcDronpa (red), Kaede (grey) and IrisFP (yellow). Color code: oxygen in red; nitrogen in blue; carbon in the color corresponding with the color of t ...
Membrane protein integration into the endoplasmic reticulum
... loops between TM segments 6 ⁄ 7 and 8 ⁄ 9 of the translocon are involved in this association [28,39]. In fact, point mutations within those loops of E. coli SecY are known to affect the ribosome–SecY interaction [39]. However, similar changes in loop L6 of the yeast translocon did not affect binding ...
... loops between TM segments 6 ⁄ 7 and 8 ⁄ 9 of the translocon are involved in this association [28,39]. In fact, point mutations within those loops of E. coli SecY are known to affect the ribosome–SecY interaction [39]. However, similar changes in loop L6 of the yeast translocon did not affect binding ...
Integration and topology of membrane proteins Carolina Boekel
... 1996). The hydrophobicity of the amino acids is defined as the free energy of transfer from water to a nonpolar liquid. The apparent hydrophobicities of amino acid side chains vary a lot; depending on whether or not polar groups are present. Ionized and polar side chains interact strongly with water ...
... 1996). The hydrophobicity of the amino acids is defined as the free energy of transfer from water to a nonpolar liquid. The apparent hydrophobicities of amino acid side chains vary a lot; depending on whether or not polar groups are present. Ionized and polar side chains interact strongly with water ...
Molecular Definition of Distinct Cytoskeletal Structures
... F-actin, proteins containing phosphotyrosine residues (PY proteins), and c~-actinin were also detected in discrete spots ...
... F-actin, proteins containing phosphotyrosine residues (PY proteins), and c~-actinin were also detected in discrete spots ...
Immunophilins and Parvulins. Superfamily of
... function of immunophilins is poorly understood in any organism. In this study, we have surveyed the genes encoding immunophilins in Arabidopsis genome. A total of 52 genes have been found to encode putative immunophilins, among which 23 are putative FKBPs and 29 are putative CYPs. This is by far the ...
... function of immunophilins is poorly understood in any organism. In this study, we have surveyed the genes encoding immunophilins in Arabidopsis genome. A total of 52 genes have been found to encode putative immunophilins, among which 23 are putative FKBPs and 29 are putative CYPs. This is by far the ...
Biochemistry of Sulfur
... analysis to 1.7 Å resolution showed that the SOR is a spherical homo-icosatetramer (i.e. 24 subunits). It surrounds an empty cavity with a diameter of 71-107 Å Fig. (Fig. 3) and a molecular mass of 844.000 for the native SOR (871.000 for the recombinant). Each subunit consisted of a β-barrel core su ...
... analysis to 1.7 Å resolution showed that the SOR is a spherical homo-icosatetramer (i.e. 24 subunits). It surrounds an empty cavity with a diameter of 71-107 Å Fig. (Fig. 3) and a molecular mass of 844.000 for the native SOR (871.000 for the recombinant). Each subunit consisted of a β-barrel core su ...
Protein kinase signaling networks in plant innate immunity
... future research will reveal more Ca2+-regulated PKs involved in plant immunity. These PKs may be activated in different cellular locales by localized Ca2+ signals to regulate specific responses or converge to common targets for a fine-tuned regulation of downstream responses. Only few substrates of ...
... future research will reveal more Ca2+-regulated PKs involved in plant immunity. These PKs may be activated in different cellular locales by localized Ca2+ signals to regulate specific responses or converge to common targets for a fine-tuned regulation of downstream responses. Only few substrates of ...
Auxin Action in a Cell
... Auxin treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings stimulates binding of Aux/IAA proteins by SCFTIR1 [2]. To further investigate this response, we tested the effects of auxin added directly to protein extracts prepared from seedlings expressing c-myc-tagged TIR1 (TIR1-myc). A glutathionine-S-transferase fusio ...
... Auxin treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings stimulates binding of Aux/IAA proteins by SCFTIR1 [2]. To further investigate this response, we tested the effects of auxin added directly to protein extracts prepared from seedlings expressing c-myc-tagged TIR1 (TIR1-myc). A glutathionine-S-transferase fusio ...
Zhang, Zhiyong: An Overview of Protein Structure Prediction: From Homology to Ab Initio
... recognition, and 3) Ab Initio. Essentially, the classification reflects the degree to which different methods utilize the information content available from the known structure database. In the following, I will briefly discuss each kind of methods and their accuracy, applicability and shortcomings. ...
... recognition, and 3) Ab Initio. Essentially, the classification reflects the degree to which different methods utilize the information content available from the known structure database. In the following, I will briefly discuss each kind of methods and their accuracy, applicability and shortcomings. ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).