Chapter 18
... Arterial inflammation and cellular import of cholesterol mark the early stage of atherosclerosis (LDLR-independent mechanism) ...
... Arterial inflammation and cellular import of cholesterol mark the early stage of atherosclerosis (LDLR-independent mechanism) ...
Induction of CDPK (ZmCPK11)- and MAPK
... changes in the concentration of cytosolic and nuclear free calcium (Ca2+), referred to as calcium signature, are observed (Kudla et al. 2010). It has been shown that inhibitors of calcium channels affect negatively the expression of JA-induced genes (León et al. 1998, Sun et al. 2006). These results ...
... changes in the concentration of cytosolic and nuclear free calcium (Ca2+), referred to as calcium signature, are observed (Kudla et al. 2010). It has been shown that inhibitors of calcium channels affect negatively the expression of JA-induced genes (León et al. 1998, Sun et al. 2006). These results ...
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)
... Protein sequence is the combination of 20-amino acids. Protein sequence is highly responsible for determination of protein structure. Protein sequence can be easily obtained from DNA/RNA sequence. Each protein contains a unique amino acid sequence which has a set of generic codes called „codon‟. ‟Co ...
... Protein sequence is the combination of 20-amino acids. Protein sequence is highly responsible for determination of protein structure. Protein sequence can be easily obtained from DNA/RNA sequence. Each protein contains a unique amino acid sequence which has a set of generic codes called „codon‟. ‟Co ...
Sure, some prions can cause diseases, but others are
... a drastically different environment. Various prions in the waterlogged yeast cells will switch from inactive to active, or active to inactive, to ensure that some of the cells survive under water. Some of those activation switches help the yeast, but some do not. Jonathan Weissman, an HHMI investig ...
... a drastically different environment. Various prions in the waterlogged yeast cells will switch from inactive to active, or active to inactive, to ensure that some of the cells survive under water. Some of those activation switches help the yeast, but some do not. Jonathan Weissman, an HHMI investig ...
mTORC1 regulates the efficiency and cellular capacity for protein
... The finding that eEF2K is phosphorylated (on Ser366 ) and inactivated by S6K [11] seemed to provide the link between mTORC1 and the control of eEF2K (Figure 2). It also provided a connection to the oncogenic Ras/Raf/MEK [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kin ...
... The finding that eEF2K is phosphorylated (on Ser366 ) and inactivated by S6K [11] seemed to provide the link between mTORC1 and the control of eEF2K (Figure 2). It also provided a connection to the oncogenic Ras/Raf/MEK [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kin ...
MolCellNeuroCBl
... This revealed saturation of the MOR alkaloid agonist induced response because peak responses increased only slightly, or even decreased, at the high concentration range. In addition, we observed that MOR responses to alkaloids developed very slowly and never fully activated maximal GIRK currents eve ...
... This revealed saturation of the MOR alkaloid agonist induced response because peak responses increased only slightly, or even decreased, at the high concentration range. In addition, we observed that MOR responses to alkaloids developed very slowly and never fully activated maximal GIRK currents eve ...
Hepatitis C Virus: Molecular Pathways and - e
... culture [14,15]. Several studies were done to predict HCV assembly by creating virus-like particles (VLPs) to mimic its activity, but the process was still largely obscure [14,16,17]. This roadblock was overcome when one study proved that a specific strain, JFH1, of genotype 2a HCV was able to effic ...
... culture [14,15]. Several studies were done to predict HCV assembly by creating virus-like particles (VLPs) to mimic its activity, but the process was still largely obscure [14,16,17]. This roadblock was overcome when one study proved that a specific strain, JFH1, of genotype 2a HCV was able to effic ...
Molecular Chaperones - Cellular Machines for Protein Folding
... and groES genes encode proteins of 57 kDa and 10 kDa size, respectively, which are both required for the viability of E. coli.[25] Thus, at least one essential E. coli protein cannot fold without assistance from the GroE chaperone. 2.1.1. Structure of the GroE Chaperone The most striking feature of ...
... and groES genes encode proteins of 57 kDa and 10 kDa size, respectively, which are both required for the viability of E. coli.[25] Thus, at least one essential E. coli protein cannot fold without assistance from the GroE chaperone. 2.1.1. Structure of the GroE Chaperone The most striking feature of ...
The topology of the proton translocating F0 component of the ATP
... revealed an intact N terminus: fMet-Asn-Leu-Asn-Thr(Nielsen et al., 1981). Thus, the cleavage must have occurred -20-25 residues away from the C terminus. Since the primary chymotrypsin cleavage sites such as Phe, Tyr, Trp or Met are alllocated within the 26 amino acid residues of the N terminus the ...
... revealed an intact N terminus: fMet-Asn-Leu-Asn-Thr(Nielsen et al., 1981). Thus, the cleavage must have occurred -20-25 residues away from the C terminus. Since the primary chymotrypsin cleavage sites such as Phe, Tyr, Trp or Met are alllocated within the 26 amino acid residues of the N terminus the ...
Cellular Internalization of Fluorescent Proteins via Arginine
... materials across the biomembranes. Only specific biomolecules and ions may pass through via specific transporters or protein channels. Therefore, highly basic and hydrophilic AID peptides should not pass through the membranes. In fact, however, these AID peptides quite easily pass through the membra ...
... materials across the biomembranes. Only specific biomolecules and ions may pass through via specific transporters or protein channels. Therefore, highly basic and hydrophilic AID peptides should not pass through the membranes. In fact, however, these AID peptides quite easily pass through the membra ...
Regulation of Glucose metabolism
... glycosylated and cleaved into two subunits • The two subunits termed (α and β) are assembled as a tetramer. • There is a disulfide bridge that connects α subunits together. • A disulfide bridge connects α with β subunit • β subunit spans plasma membrane. • α subunit is extra-cellular, contains insul ...
... glycosylated and cleaved into two subunits • The two subunits termed (α and β) are assembled as a tetramer. • There is a disulfide bridge that connects α subunits together. • A disulfide bridge connects α with β subunit • β subunit spans plasma membrane. • α subunit is extra-cellular, contains insul ...
SFE1, a Constituent of the Fertilization Envelope
... At fertilization in most animals, cortical granules of the egg or oocyte secrete their contents, whose function it is to modify the extracellular matrix. This modified matrix then participates in the block to polyspermy and protection for early embryonic development. In the sea urchin, contents of t ...
... At fertilization in most animals, cortical granules of the egg or oocyte secrete their contents, whose function it is to modify the extracellular matrix. This modified matrix then participates in the block to polyspermy and protection for early embryonic development. In the sea urchin, contents of t ...
Test 1 Study Guide
... 1. Phosphorylation cascades. One protein phosphorylates the next which activates more and more (Fig. 6.6) 2. Second messengers. Small ions or molecules that get released in bursts. They start new signaling cascades. a. Calcium as an example (Fig. 6.11) i. Calcium is stored in many compartments. Sign ...
... 1. Phosphorylation cascades. One protein phosphorylates the next which activates more and more (Fig. 6.6) 2. Second messengers. Small ions or molecules that get released in bursts. They start new signaling cascades. a. Calcium as an example (Fig. 6.11) i. Calcium is stored in many compartments. Sign ...
Prediction of Anti-parallel and Parallel Beta
... Protein secondary structure prediction involves the projection of primary protein sequences onto a string of secondary assignments, such as helix, sheet or coil, for each residue. It is widely believed that secondary structure prediction can contribute valuable information to discerning how proteins ...
... Protein secondary structure prediction involves the projection of primary protein sequences onto a string of secondary assignments, such as helix, sheet or coil, for each residue. It is widely believed that secondary structure prediction can contribute valuable information to discerning how proteins ...
Characterizing the Secreted Proteome of Mycobacterium
... dotted lines mark the approximate peak intensity on the 116 and 117 signals which corresponds to a 1:1 peak area ratio after normalization. Both of these proteins contain N-terminal secretion signals, which means secretion should not be dependent on the ESX-1 system, but this data indicate that ther ...
... dotted lines mark the approximate peak intensity on the 116 and 117 signals which corresponds to a 1:1 peak area ratio after normalization. Both of these proteins contain N-terminal secretion signals, which means secretion should not be dependent on the ESX-1 system, but this data indicate that ther ...
novel 4E-interacting protein in Leishmania is involved in stage
... 10 kDa (2,3). 4E-BP and eIF4G both contain a Y(X4)L motif, where X is any amino acid and is a hydrophobic residue, that is responsible for binding to eIF4E (4,5). 4E-BP binds eIF4E when it is in a hypophosphrylated state (6), whereas phosphorylation of 4E-BP by the mTOR kinase reduces its affinity ...
... 10 kDa (2,3). 4E-BP and eIF4G both contain a Y(X4)L motif, where X is any amino acid and is a hydrophobic residue, that is responsible for binding to eIF4E (4,5). 4E-BP binds eIF4E when it is in a hypophosphrylated state (6), whereas phosphorylation of 4E-BP by the mTOR kinase reduces its affinity ...
Biochemistry I, Spring Term 2003 - Second Exam:
... answer. 1. Once a ligand dissociation constant (KD) has been determined for noncooperative binding it is possible to calculate or determine: a) the microscopic ligand binding constant (KEQ). b) the ∆Go for the binding interaction. c) the concentration of ligand required for half-maximal occupancy. d ...
... answer. 1. Once a ligand dissociation constant (KD) has been determined for noncooperative binding it is possible to calculate or determine: a) the microscopic ligand binding constant (KEQ). b) the ∆Go for the binding interaction. c) the concentration of ligand required for half-maximal occupancy. d ...
Powerpoint slides
... Ab initio prediction of protein structure from sequence: not yet. Problem: the information contained in protein structures lies essentially in the conformational torsion angles. Even if we only assume that every amino-acid residue has three such torsion angles, and that each of these three can only ...
... Ab initio prediction of protein structure from sequence: not yet. Problem: the information contained in protein structures lies essentially in the conformational torsion angles. Even if we only assume that every amino-acid residue has three such torsion angles, and that each of these three can only ...
Åpne - Munin
... associated with increased morbidity and mortality among people. Many toxic compounds can accumulate in the environment and evidence suggests that most people have varying degrees of toxic compounds within their body. This can result in disruption of many physiological processes in the human body and ...
... associated with increased morbidity and mortality among people. Many toxic compounds can accumulate in the environment and evidence suggests that most people have varying degrees of toxic compounds within their body. This can result in disruption of many physiological processes in the human body and ...
Insulin Signaling
... of substrate – Active state (PDB ID 1ir3) several tyrosines on this loop are phosphorylated, loop swings out of active site, allowing ATP and other signaling proteins to bind. – Active site uses ATP to phosphorylate its targets. Tyrosine Kinase domain of IR showing inactive (PDB ID 1IRK) and activ ...
... of substrate – Active state (PDB ID 1ir3) several tyrosines on this loop are phosphorylated, loop swings out of active site, allowing ATP and other signaling proteins to bind. – Active site uses ATP to phosphorylate its targets. Tyrosine Kinase domain of IR showing inactive (PDB ID 1IRK) and activ ...
The Cell Membrane - Libreria Universo
... events after being endocytosed. Following pinocytosis, these hormone receptors form receptosomes, vesicles that avoid lysosomes and deliver their contents to other intracellular sites, such as the Golgi body. Receptor-mediated endocytosis can at times be selfdefeating. Viruses causing hepatitis, pol ...
... events after being endocytosed. Following pinocytosis, these hormone receptors form receptosomes, vesicles that avoid lysosomes and deliver their contents to other intracellular sites, such as the Golgi body. Receptor-mediated endocytosis can at times be selfdefeating. Viruses causing hepatitis, pol ...
Domain organization of human cleavage factor Im 1 Distinct
... Domain organization of human cleavage factor Im protein has a domain organization that is reminiscent of spliceosomal SR proteins. Members of the SR family of splicing factors contain one or more N-terminal RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) that function in sequence–specific RNA binding and a Cterminal ...
... Domain organization of human cleavage factor Im protein has a domain organization that is reminiscent of spliceosomal SR proteins. Members of the SR family of splicing factors contain one or more N-terminal RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) that function in sequence–specific RNA binding and a Cterminal ...
poster/abstract PDF
... Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are involved in signaling throughout the CNS and PNS. Of the many subtypes of nAChRs, α7 containing nAChRs are particularly interesting because of their importance in diseases like Alzheimers and schizophrenia, their importance in modulating other cell sign ...
... Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are involved in signaling throughout the CNS and PNS. Of the many subtypes of nAChRs, α7 containing nAChRs are particularly interesting because of their importance in diseases like Alzheimers and schizophrenia, their importance in modulating other cell sign ...
Heterotrimeric G proteins in C. elegans
... Heterotrimeric G proteins, composed of α, β, and γ subunits, are able to transduce signals from membrane receptors to a wide variety of intracellular effectors. In this role, G proteins effectively function as dimers since the signal is communicated either by the Gα subunit or the stable Gβγ complex ...
... Heterotrimeric G proteins, composed of α, β, and γ subunits, are able to transduce signals from membrane receptors to a wide variety of intracellular effectors. In this role, G proteins effectively function as dimers since the signal is communicated either by the Gα subunit or the stable Gβγ complex ...
Day 2 Western blotting
... supporting membrane, usually a nitrocellulose or a PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) filter membrane, and finally detection and comparison of the expression levels of a selected protein among the samples using antibodies. Several of the amino acids that are used as building blocks in proteins are neg ...
... supporting membrane, usually a nitrocellulose or a PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) filter membrane, and finally detection and comparison of the expression levels of a selected protein among the samples using antibodies. Several of the amino acids that are used as building blocks in proteins are neg ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).