Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
... proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that belongs to the steroid receptor superfamily (4). Three mammalian PPAR subtypes, (X, 6 (or Nuci,) and y, have been identified. Gene knockout studies in the mouse model Yuan-Chun Zhou and David J. Waxman demonstrate t ...
... proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that belongs to the steroid receptor superfamily (4). Three mammalian PPAR subtypes, (X, 6 (or Nuci,) and y, have been identified. Gene knockout studies in the mouse model Yuan-Chun Zhou and David J. Waxman demonstrate t ...
Cellular mechanisms regulating protein synthesis and skeletal
... TSC1, TSC2 functions as a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)ase activating protein (GAP) for a small G protein named Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb). It has been reported that Akt/PKB directly phosphorylates TSC2 on multiple residues (at least two sites, Ser939 and Thr1462; Refs. 55, 58, 70). This ph ...
... TSC1, TSC2 functions as a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)ase activating protein (GAP) for a small G protein named Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb). It has been reported that Akt/PKB directly phosphorylates TSC2 on multiple residues (at least two sites, Ser939 and Thr1462; Refs. 55, 58, 70). This ph ...
Taste bud - Science Mission
... Taste and smell: • Receptors are chemoreceptors • In association with food intake, influence flow of digestive juices and affect appetite • Stimulation of receptors induces pleasurable or objectionable sensations and signals presence of something to seek or to avoid ...
... Taste and smell: • Receptors are chemoreceptors • In association with food intake, influence flow of digestive juices and affect appetite • Stimulation of receptors induces pleasurable or objectionable sensations and signals presence of something to seek or to avoid ...
Cholesterol and bile acids regulate xenosensor signaling in
... Since LXR and CXR bind to the same DR-4 element, electromobility-shift assays were used to elucidate if LXR and CXR directly compete for binding to this PBRU. To clearly discriminate between complexes containing CXR or LXR, a HA-tag was N-terminally attached to CXR and an anti-HA monoclonal antibody ...
... Since LXR and CXR bind to the same DR-4 element, electromobility-shift assays were used to elucidate if LXR and CXR directly compete for binding to this PBRU. To clearly discriminate between complexes containing CXR or LXR, a HA-tag was N-terminally attached to CXR and an anti-HA monoclonal antibody ...
Full Text - Labs / Projects - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
... Deadpan, which regulate neural cell fate and sex determination, respectively (6). Members of the HES class share several conserved functional motifs, including a basic DNA-binding region, an HLH dimerization domain, an Orange specificity region, and a C-terminal region required for binding the cofac ...
... Deadpan, which regulate neural cell fate and sex determination, respectively (6). Members of the HES class share several conserved functional motifs, including a basic DNA-binding region, an HLH dimerization domain, an Orange specificity region, and a C-terminal region required for binding the cofac ...
Crystal structure of ATP sulfurylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... Domain I is built by the N-terminal part of the peptide chain (residues 2±167) and comprises as a main motif a b-barrel, which is formed by ®ve antiparallel strands in a 1-3-4-5-2 topology. It is topologically similar to the pyruvate kinase b-barrel domain (Figure 3A), but in contrast to the pyruvat ...
... Domain I is built by the N-terminal part of the peptide chain (residues 2±167) and comprises as a main motif a b-barrel, which is formed by ®ve antiparallel strands in a 1-3-4-5-2 topology. It is topologically similar to the pyruvate kinase b-barrel domain (Figure 3A), but in contrast to the pyruvat ...
Role of CD26-adenosine deaminase interaction in T cell
... opening generated by the kinked arrangement of blades I and II(13) (Fig. 1). CD26 belongs to the s9b family of serine proteases. Other members are, fibroblast activation protein (FAP)(15), DPP6(16), DPP8(17), DPP9(18) and DPP10(19). The best studied are CD26 and FAP, sharing a sequence identity of 5 ...
... opening generated by the kinked arrangement of blades I and II(13) (Fig. 1). CD26 belongs to the s9b family of serine proteases. Other members are, fibroblast activation protein (FAP)(15), DPP6(16), DPP8(17), DPP9(18) and DPP10(19). The best studied are CD26 and FAP, sharing a sequence identity of 5 ...
PDF - University of California, San Francisco
... FIG. 1. Amino acid sequence and domain map of hamster generated by the method of Kyte and Doolittle (10). The hydrophoHMG-CoA reductase. Panel A , amino acid sequence. Amino acid bicity values used for each amino acid were those of Eisenberg et al. residues are shown in the single-letter code, which ...
... FIG. 1. Amino acid sequence and domain map of hamster generated by the method of Kyte and Doolittle (10). The hydrophoHMG-CoA reductase. Panel A , amino acid sequence. Amino acid bicity values used for each amino acid were those of Eisenberg et al. residues are shown in the single-letter code, which ...
PDF - Walter Lab
... its translocation across the membrane are strictly coupled (Blobel and Dobberstein, 1975). Two components, signal recognition particle (SRP) and SRP receptor, of the cellular machinery promoting this process have been purified (Walter and Blobel, 1980; Gilmore et al., 1982). These components functio ...
... its translocation across the membrane are strictly coupled (Blobel and Dobberstein, 1975). Two components, signal recognition particle (SRP) and SRP receptor, of the cellular machinery promoting this process have been purified (Walter and Blobel, 1980; Gilmore et al., 1982). These components functio ...
Mitofilin complexes: conserved organizers of mitochondrial
... 2008; Davies et al., 2011). In contrast, the inner boundary membrane mainly contains protein complexes that are involved in the functional cooperation between inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, like the machineries for the import of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial precursor proteins (Figure 1) ( ...
... 2008; Davies et al., 2011). In contrast, the inner boundary membrane mainly contains protein complexes that are involved in the functional cooperation between inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, like the machineries for the import of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial precursor proteins (Figure 1) ( ...
Complement - microbiology and immunology on-line
... • C-activation: alteration of C proteins such that they interact with the next component ...
... • C-activation: alteration of C proteins such that they interact with the next component ...
E. coli
... components showed that zingerone (vanillylacetone) was the likely active constituent responsible for the antidiarrheal efficacy of ginger. Further analysis of chemically synthesized zingerone derivatives revealed that compound 31 (2-[(4-methoxybenzyl)oxy] benzoic acid) significantly suppressed LT- ...
... components showed that zingerone (vanillylacetone) was the likely active constituent responsible for the antidiarrheal efficacy of ginger. Further analysis of chemically synthesized zingerone derivatives revealed that compound 31 (2-[(4-methoxybenzyl)oxy] benzoic acid) significantly suppressed LT- ...
Metabolic rate depression in animals
... Clegg, 2001). Such organisms experience a profound change in their internal environment often involving extreme dehydration and the addition of high levels of protectants to ...
... Clegg, 2001). Such organisms experience a profound change in their internal environment often involving extreme dehydration and the addition of high levels of protectants to ...
enterocolitica Yersinia Type III Secretion System of Properties of the
... particularly marked in their C-terminal halves. Deletion mutagenesis (20) and limited proteolysis (4, 43) have shown that this domain participates in oligomerization and pore formation, while the N terminus is probably involved in systemspecific interactions (12, 49). A small nonconserved domain C t ...
... particularly marked in their C-terminal halves. Deletion mutagenesis (20) and limited proteolysis (4, 43) have shown that this domain participates in oligomerization and pore formation, while the N terminus is probably involved in systemspecific interactions (12, 49). A small nonconserved domain C t ...
Expanding roles of protein kinase CK2 in regulating plant growth
... Ser/Thr residues scattered throughout PIF1. Three of these serine residues at the C-terminus of PIF1 (Ser464–466) are crucial for the stability of PIF1. Phosphorylation of PIF1 by CK2 aids its degradation under red light, which is reflected in the slower degradation kinetics of the phospho-deficient ...
... Ser/Thr residues scattered throughout PIF1. Three of these serine residues at the C-terminus of PIF1 (Ser464–466) are crucial for the stability of PIF1. Phosphorylation of PIF1 by CK2 aids its degradation under red light, which is reflected in the slower degradation kinetics of the phospho-deficient ...
Ca Signaling11
... hipp (CA1 region) activate (phosphorylate) CREB txn factor CaMKII and MAPK (ERK) signalling pathways • Serum response element (SRE). - Induce expression of c-fos promotor activation of Ltype Ca2+ channels. • Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) response element. - NFAT activity regulated b ...
... hipp (CA1 region) activate (phosphorylate) CREB txn factor CaMKII and MAPK (ERK) signalling pathways • Serum response element (SRE). - Induce expression of c-fos promotor activation of Ltype Ca2+ channels. • Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) response element. - NFAT activity regulated b ...
PSI
... PolyQ domains can expand and contract PolyQ often serve to mediate interaction between proteins Expansion of polyQ stretches can result in toxicity of corresponding proteins while their contraction may inhibit biological function of these proteins Insertion of non-Q/N amino acid residues int ...
... PolyQ domains can expand and contract PolyQ often serve to mediate interaction between proteins Expansion of polyQ stretches can result in toxicity of corresponding proteins while their contraction may inhibit biological function of these proteins Insertion of non-Q/N amino acid residues int ...
Dietary whey protein increases liver and skeletal muscle glycogen
... We investigated the effect of different types of dietary protein on glycogen content in liver and skeletal muscle of exercise-trained rats. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats (approximately 100 g; n 6 per group) were divided into sedentary or exercise-trained groups with each group being fed eithe ...
... We investigated the effect of different types of dietary protein on glycogen content in liver and skeletal muscle of exercise-trained rats. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats (approximately 100 g; n 6 per group) were divided into sedentary or exercise-trained groups with each group being fed eithe ...
Cardiac mitochondrial matrix and respiratory complex - AJP
... delivery of reducing equivalents to the citric acid cycle. Many models of the regulation of cardiac mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation suggest a distributed control of enzymatic activity (11, 237). Therefore, it is a reasonable extrapolation, based on PDH and GP regulation, to look first at mit ...
... delivery of reducing equivalents to the citric acid cycle. Many models of the regulation of cardiac mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation suggest a distributed control of enzymatic activity (11, 237). Therefore, it is a reasonable extrapolation, based on PDH and GP regulation, to look first at mit ...
Document
... details of protein structures in vivo. This is why we believe that continuous efforts in developing novel high-resolution in vivo methods are urgently needed. Unfortunately, most of the candidate techniques like X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy and solid-state NMR spectroscopy, are unsuita ...
... details of protein structures in vivo. This is why we believe that continuous efforts in developing novel high-resolution in vivo methods are urgently needed. Unfortunately, most of the candidate techniques like X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy and solid-state NMR spectroscopy, are unsuita ...
Document
... OIP106 - GRIF-1-Like Protein Targets OGT to RNA polymerase II binds via TPRs. Many more yet to be identified - pulled out by yeast 2H. ...
... OIP106 - GRIF-1-Like Protein Targets OGT to RNA polymerase II binds via TPRs. Many more yet to be identified - pulled out by yeast 2H. ...
Sequence and evolutionary analysis of the human trypsin subfamily
... residues Lys15 and Ile16 (chymotrypsinogen numbering). After cleavage, Ile16 forms the new N-terminus of the protein, and Asp194 rotates to interact with it. This rotation and the resulting salt bridge produce a conformational change that completes the formation of the oxyanion hole and the substrat ...
... residues Lys15 and Ile16 (chymotrypsinogen numbering). After cleavage, Ile16 forms the new N-terminus of the protein, and Asp194 rotates to interact with it. This rotation and the resulting salt bridge produce a conformational change that completes the formation of the oxyanion hole and the substrat ...
A Review of Issues of Dietary Protein Intake in Humans
... acute conditions (32). This reduction in rate of gastric emptying subsequent to an elevated dietary protein intake suggests the presence of regulation at the gastric step to ensure the catabolic capacities of the liver are not exceeded (33). This negative feedback on stomach emptying rate and food i ...
... acute conditions (32). This reduction in rate of gastric emptying subsequent to an elevated dietary protein intake suggests the presence of regulation at the gastric step to ensure the catabolic capacities of the liver are not exceeded (33). This negative feedback on stomach emptying rate and food i ...
Whey Products - New Zealand Institute of Chemistry
... Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC) is produced using ultrafiltration. This is also a membrane separation, but it selects on the basis of molecular size and is driven by pressure rather than by applied electric field as in the case of electrodialysis. Ultrafiltration retains (in the liquid product termed ...
... Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC) is produced using ultrafiltration. This is also a membrane separation, but it selects on the basis of molecular size and is driven by pressure rather than by applied electric field as in the case of electrodialysis. Ultrafiltration retains (in the liquid product termed ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).