Life and death of transcriptional co
... proteasome system in response to toxic proteins.65 The formation of aggresome is a cellular protective mechanism to sequester Increasing evidence has provided functional implications of cytoplasmic protein aggregates or to deliver them for disposal p300 modification and metabolic stability in epigen ...
... proteasome system in response to toxic proteins.65 The formation of aggresome is a cellular protective mechanism to sequester Increasing evidence has provided functional implications of cytoplasmic protein aggregates or to deliver them for disposal p300 modification and metabolic stability in epigen ...
Aalborg Universitet
... Heart failure (HF) is associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sustained increased vasopressin (AVP) release from the pituitary gland [1–5]. RAS and AVP have been shown to play a role in the kidneys by taking part in the development of hyponatremia and water retention. Hy ...
... Heart failure (HF) is associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sustained increased vasopressin (AVP) release from the pituitary gland [1–5]. RAS and AVP have been shown to play a role in the kidneys by taking part in the development of hyponatremia and water retention. Hy ...
Aalborg Universitet AVP-induced increase in AQP2 and p
... Heart failure (HF) is associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sustained increased vasopressin (AVP) release from the pituitary gland [1–5]. RAS and AVP have been shown to play a role in the kidneys by taking part in the development of hyponatremia and water retention. Hy ...
... Heart failure (HF) is associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sustained increased vasopressin (AVP) release from the pituitary gland [1–5]. RAS and AVP have been shown to play a role in the kidneys by taking part in the development of hyponatremia and water retention. Hy ...
The Vitamin K-dependent Carboxylase*
... How does the carboxylase recognize proteins in the secretion pathway as substrates for -carboxylation? In the case of the VKD blood proteins, there is now overwhelming evidence that carboxylase binds to an ≈ 18 amino acid (62) “propeptide” found on the amino-terminus of these substrates (Fig. 6). T ...
... How does the carboxylase recognize proteins in the secretion pathway as substrates for -carboxylation? In the case of the VKD blood proteins, there is now overwhelming evidence that carboxylase binds to an ≈ 18 amino acid (62) “propeptide” found on the amino-terminus of these substrates (Fig. 6). T ...
as Hotspot Ca 2+ Signaling Units
... membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochondria [1]. The resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) is maintained around the value of 100 nM, significantly lower than extracellular [Ca2+] (1 mM). This condition is achieved through active extrusion of Ca2+ by the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPas ...
... membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochondria [1]. The resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) is maintained around the value of 100 nM, significantly lower than extracellular [Ca2+] (1 mM). This condition is achieved through active extrusion of Ca2+ by the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPas ...
6 PUFA - SENS Research Foundation
... Cardiolipin is significantly decreased with age whereas PC is increased with age. ...
... Cardiolipin is significantly decreased with age whereas PC is increased with age. ...
Studies Into the Allosteric Regulation of ADP
... case that just one subunit type is catalytic.1,5 The enzyme was first identified in 1962 by Espada, at the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.6 The enzyme requires a divalent metal ion, such as Mg2+ or Mn2+. Although the enzyme catalyzes both the forward (ADPGlc synthesis) and reverse reactions ( ...
... case that just one subunit type is catalytic.1,5 The enzyme was first identified in 1962 by Espada, at the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.6 The enzyme requires a divalent metal ion, such as Mg2+ or Mn2+. Although the enzyme catalyzes both the forward (ADPGlc synthesis) and reverse reactions ( ...
Calcium: silver bullet in signaling
... movement into and out of the nucleus [67]. ATP stimulates Ca2 + uptake into nuclei and studies implicate CaM involvement in this uptake process [67]. Currently, little is known about the participation of nuclear Ca2 + stores in increasing cytosolic Ca2 + and vice versa. Ca2 + uptake studies with iso ...
... movement into and out of the nucleus [67]. ATP stimulates Ca2 + uptake into nuclei and studies implicate CaM involvement in this uptake process [67]. Currently, little is known about the participation of nuclear Ca2 + stores in increasing cytosolic Ca2 + and vice versa. Ca2 + uptake studies with iso ...
From filaments to function: The role of the plant actin cytoskeleton in
... How does the actin cytoskeleton mediate intercellular-toextracellular connectivity and communication? Plants have evolved robust mechanisms to cope with stress, including the ability to sense and specifically respond to potential threats. If one considers the rapid nature of actin filament assembly an ...
... How does the actin cytoskeleton mediate intercellular-toextracellular connectivity and communication? Plants have evolved robust mechanisms to cope with stress, including the ability to sense and specifically respond to potential threats. If one considers the rapid nature of actin filament assembly an ...
Distribution of Muscarinic Acetylcholine
... to free ligand ([LR],-l[L],.) vs . bound ligand ([LR],.) then gives a straight line with a slope of -I/Kd and an x-intercept of [R]r". The rate of QNB binding to the high affinity site was determined by measuring [ : 'HIQNB binding as a function of time at different [:'HIQNB concentrations . Homogen ...
... to free ligand ([LR],-l[L],.) vs . bound ligand ([LR],.) then gives a straight line with a slope of -I/Kd and an x-intercept of [R]r". The rate of QNB binding to the high affinity site was determined by measuring [ : 'HIQNB binding as a function of time at different [:'HIQNB concentrations . Homogen ...
Slide 1
... Examine effects of TGF-B1 on regulation of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in MSCs ◦ Proliferation measured in presence and absence of TGF-B1 ◦ Osteogenic assay performed to measure ALP production in presence and absence of TGF-B1 MSCs cultured in osteogenic supplemental medium (OS) ...
... Examine effects of TGF-B1 on regulation of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in MSCs ◦ Proliferation measured in presence and absence of TGF-B1 ◦ Osteogenic assay performed to measure ALP production in presence and absence of TGF-B1 MSCs cultured in osteogenic supplemental medium (OS) ...
Short-term regulation of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase
... molecules of TDP-containing pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1; abbreviated E1) are joined to the binding domains of E2 (Reed, 2001; Fries et al., 2003). Twelve homodimeric molecules of FAD-containing dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (EC 1.8.1.4; abbreviated E3) are connected with the binding domains ...
... molecules of TDP-containing pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1; abbreviated E1) are joined to the binding domains of E2 (Reed, 2001; Fries et al., 2003). Twelve homodimeric molecules of FAD-containing dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (EC 1.8.1.4; abbreviated E3) are connected with the binding domains ...
Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) type III
... out using Phusion High-Fidelity DNA polymerase (Finnzymes), and ligations were performed using a T4 DNA ligase (Fermentas). To identify the NSS of SopD, we constructed a set of vectors expressing variable lengths of the SopD effector using oligonucleotide primers listed in Table 2. A set of DF prime ...
... out using Phusion High-Fidelity DNA polymerase (Finnzymes), and ligations were performed using a T4 DNA ligase (Fermentas). To identify the NSS of SopD, we constructed a set of vectors expressing variable lengths of the SopD effector using oligonucleotide primers listed in Table 2. A set of DF prime ...
the thyroid and thyroid hormones
... conformationally equivalent, and the 3' iodine of T3 could be oriented either distal (away from) or 5' proximal (closer) to the side chain-bearing ring. Because the activity of compounds such as 3',5-dimethyl-3,5-diiodothyronine had demonstrated that alkyl groups could replace the 3'- and 5'-iodine ...
... conformationally equivalent, and the 3' iodine of T3 could be oriented either distal (away from) or 5' proximal (closer) to the side chain-bearing ring. Because the activity of compounds such as 3',5-dimethyl-3,5-diiodothyronine had demonstrated that alkyl groups could replace the 3'- and 5'-iodine ...
Pericentriolar material structure and dynamics
... Figure 2. Factors regulating PCM growth and final size. (a) Inhibition of PLK-1 kinase activity with the small molecule BI2436 reduces the incorporation of PCNT at centrosomes. Interestingly, inhibition of PLK-1 did not affect PCNT localization to the interphase centrosome. (Adapted from [42].) (b) ...
... Figure 2. Factors regulating PCM growth and final size. (a) Inhibition of PLK-1 kinase activity with the small molecule BI2436 reduces the incorporation of PCNT at centrosomes. Interestingly, inhibition of PLK-1 did not affect PCNT localization to the interphase centrosome. (Adapted from [42].) (b) ...
Supplementary materials - Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
... module in which they appeared, but did not require global acyclicity because the real regulatory network is not acyclic. (a) Learning the regulatory program: Given a set of modules, we learned the regulatory association for each module by using the candidate expression (e-) and genotype (g-) regula ...
... module in which they appeared, but did not require global acyclicity because the real regulatory network is not acyclic. (a) Learning the regulatory program: Given a set of modules, we learned the regulatory association for each module by using the candidate expression (e-) and genotype (g-) regula ...
An evolutionarily conserved mechanism for cAMP elicited axonal
... the downstream pathways that are engaged by this broadly utilized second messenger to actually promote axonal regeneration are not known. Much attention has focused upon the cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), since constitutive activation of CREB is sufficient to stimulate axonal regene ...
... the downstream pathways that are engaged by this broadly utilized second messenger to actually promote axonal regeneration are not known. Much attention has focused upon the cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), since constitutive activation of CREB is sufficient to stimulate axonal regene ...
The scaffolding protein Cnk Interacts with Alk to Promote Visceral
... suggesting that all cells in the embryo are supplied with Cnk (Fig. 1D). Zygotic cnk transcription ...
... suggesting that all cells in the embryo are supplied with Cnk (Fig. 1D). Zygotic cnk transcription ...
Human Cardiac Troponin Complex. Structure and Functions
... as to impede the actomyosin complex formation [76, 77]. A few variants of the inhibitory domain structure are presented in the literature. In the work of Brown et al. [74] on artificial troponin complex composed of different animal troponins, by means of site-directed spin labeling (SDSL-EPR) it was ...
... as to impede the actomyosin complex formation [76, 77]. A few variants of the inhibitory domain structure are presented in the literature. In the work of Brown et al. [74] on artificial troponin complex composed of different animal troponins, by means of site-directed spin labeling (SDSL-EPR) it was ...
Hydrolyzed Source Proteins as Used in Cosmetics
... plasma by food-grade microbial proteases and aided with heat denaturation.15 The maximum degree of hydrolysis was 43% at an enzyme concentration of 110 LAPU/g protein after 15.5 h. The resultant substrate consists of small peptides (molecular masses were less than 6.5 kDa and most were less than 1.0 ...
... plasma by food-grade microbial proteases and aided with heat denaturation.15 The maximum degree of hydrolysis was 43% at an enzyme concentration of 110 LAPU/g protein after 15.5 h. The resultant substrate consists of small peptides (molecular masses were less than 6.5 kDa and most were less than 1.0 ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation of Ricin A Chain
... Ricin is a heterodimeric ribosome-inactivating protein that accumulates in castor bean (Ricinus communis) endosperm cells during seed development. The mature toxin comprises a catalytic A chain (RTA) and a Galbinding B chain (RTB) linked by a single disulfide bond. However, when it is synthesized in ...
... Ricin is a heterodimeric ribosome-inactivating protein that accumulates in castor bean (Ricinus communis) endosperm cells during seed development. The mature toxin comprises a catalytic A chain (RTA) and a Galbinding B chain (RTB) linked by a single disulfide bond. However, when it is synthesized in ...
Mechanisms of transport through the Golgi complex
... Fig. 3. (A) Vesicle budding and fusion. Activation of a small G protein (such as Arf1 or Sar1) (red) by the exchange of GDP for GTP results in the recruitment of a coat complex (blue) to the membrane by the GTP-bound form of the G protein. Membrane curvature and sorting of cargo (yellow) into the fo ...
... Fig. 3. (A) Vesicle budding and fusion. Activation of a small G protein (such as Arf1 or Sar1) (red) by the exchange of GDP for GTP results in the recruitment of a coat complex (blue) to the membrane by the GTP-bound form of the G protein. Membrane curvature and sorting of cargo (yellow) into the fo ...
Isoelectric point prediction from the amino acid sequence of a protein
... phosphorylation which can alter the ...
... phosphorylation which can alter the ...
Specific features of glycogen metabolism in the liver
... mass of 1300 kDa [41]. Microscopic images suggest that the subunits are arranged in a bilobal ‘ butterfly ’ structure, where each lobe contains two αβγδ protomers [42]. The δ-subunit (17 kDa) is identical with calmodulin and confers on phosphorylase kinase activation by Ca#+. Unlike most calmodulinr ...
... mass of 1300 kDa [41]. Microscopic images suggest that the subunits are arranged in a bilobal ‘ butterfly ’ structure, where each lobe contains two αβγδ protomers [42]. The δ-subunit (17 kDa) is identical with calmodulin and confers on phosphorylase kinase activation by Ca#+. Unlike most calmodulinr ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).