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... figures 1 and 2.4 Second, political union reduces the implies that no budgetary policy aimed at stabilizdegree of asymmetry, thereby shifting the eurozone ing the business cycle in the union is available. The upwards. As a result of these two shifts, political uniquestion that arises here is how imp ...
... figures 1 and 2.4 Second, political union reduces the implies that no budgetary policy aimed at stabilizdegree of asymmetry, thereby shifting the eurozone ing the business cycle in the union is available. The upwards. As a result of these two shifts, political uniquestion that arises here is how imp ...
BTI 2016 | Liberia Country Report
... government, the northwestern-based military faction Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) pushed south and reached the area surrounding Monrovia by mid-2003. Taylor was finally forced to accept the Nigerian President Obasanjo’s offer of asylum as a necessary precondition for the i ...
... government, the northwestern-based military faction Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) pushed south and reached the area surrounding Monrovia by mid-2003. Taylor was finally forced to accept the Nigerian President Obasanjo’s offer of asylum as a necessary precondition for the i ...
The Relationship Between Economic Freedom and Soci
... -Using economic freedom measures developed by the Heritage Foundation and individual country growth rates, he established with the aid of Granger Causality tests, that a relationship between freedom and growth exists. He also proved that for the most part, freedom precedes growth. DeHaan and Sturm ...
... -Using economic freedom measures developed by the Heritage Foundation and individual country growth rates, he established with the aid of Granger Causality tests, that a relationship between freedom and growth exists. He also proved that for the most part, freedom precedes growth. DeHaan and Sturm ...
New Labour, the `Third Way` and the Sector Skills Agreement
... working class. The large scale entry of women into the workforce has further destabilized patterns of class-based support. A sizable minority no longer votes, and is essentially outside the political process. The party which has grown the most over the past few years is the one that isn’t part of po ...
... working class. The large scale entry of women into the workforce has further destabilized patterns of class-based support. A sizable minority no longer votes, and is essentially outside the political process. The party which has grown the most over the past few years is the one that isn’t part of po ...
Measuring Business Cycles: A Review
... activities”, we need to define and aggregate the activities. The fact that economic activities occur at around the same time suggests the possibility that some macroeconomic variables are formed before (leading) and after some cycles (lagging). Looking at these “recurring changes”, we need to determ ...
... activities”, we need to define and aggregate the activities. The fact that economic activities occur at around the same time suggests the possibility that some macroeconomic variables are formed before (leading) and after some cycles (lagging). Looking at these “recurring changes”, we need to determ ...
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
... enjoying life time learning. It is necessary to repeat that the goal of higher education is two fold: Knowledge Creation and its utilization through activities that are useful to the learners as well as the society. Coming to the curriculum of Economics, our objective is to impart: (i) knowledge of ...
... enjoying life time learning. It is necessary to repeat that the goal of higher education is two fold: Knowledge Creation and its utilization through activities that are useful to the learners as well as the society. Coming to the curriculum of Economics, our objective is to impart: (i) knowledge of ...
Return-on-Investment for International Trade and Business
... All of the issues below shape EDR’s calculation of ROI. Some of them are further addressed in the sections on assumptions, methodology, and findings. Role of Incentives... Generally, the goal of economic development by local, state, or national government is to expand economic activity, primarily th ...
... All of the issues below shape EDR’s calculation of ROI. Some of them are further addressed in the sections on assumptions, methodology, and findings. Role of Incentives... Generally, the goal of economic development by local, state, or national government is to expand economic activity, primarily th ...
The aggregate effects of government income transfer shocks
... The challenge for any study of the aggregate effect of fiscal shocks is the potential endogeneity of policy actions. Policymakers take policies for a variety of reasons. For example, during periods of high levels of inflation, governments may increase income transfer payments to guarantee the purchas ...
... The challenge for any study of the aggregate effect of fiscal shocks is the potential endogeneity of policy actions. Policymakers take policies for a variety of reasons. For example, during periods of high levels of inflation, governments may increase income transfer payments to guarantee the purchas ...
Economic Content - The Manchester Independent Economic Review
... suggest that many countries are moving close to or into recession. Economic growth is being slowed by a number of factors, initially by rising oil prices but now increasingly by tightening financial conditions and the international liquidity crisis. European banks have struggled with their exposure ...
... suggest that many countries are moving close to or into recession. Economic growth is being slowed by a number of factors, initially by rising oil prices but now increasingly by tightening financial conditions and the international liquidity crisis. European banks have struggled with their exposure ...
Sense and Nonsense About Deflation
... general level of prices. This is an aspect of the recent discussion over the potential for deflation worldwide that tends to be lost in the debate. For at least three decades following the end of World War II, the main preoccupation of governments was to exploit the trade-off between inflation and u ...
... general level of prices. This is an aspect of the recent discussion over the potential for deflation worldwide that tends to be lost in the debate. For at least three decades following the end of World War II, the main preoccupation of governments was to exploit the trade-off between inflation and u ...
Economic Impact and Use of Natural Resources
... • Create a context for golf’s economic impact in a state (relative to other industries and consumers of natural resources) • Employ multiple data sources and measures to capture the industry from both internal and external perspectives • Enable replication over time, within state, and across states— ...
... • Create a context for golf’s economic impact in a state (relative to other industries and consumers of natural resources) • Employ multiple data sources and measures to capture the industry from both internal and external perspectives • Enable replication over time, within state, and across states— ...
DES/UTAD
... In general, there have been tendencies towards overproduction of many primary commodities resulting from the nature of farm production and the political support which has cushioned farmers in many parts of the world from the operation of free market forces. Although there are lower stocks of food in ...
... In general, there have been tendencies towards overproduction of many primary commodities resulting from the nature of farm production and the political support which has cushioned farmers in many parts of the world from the operation of free market forces. Although there are lower stocks of food in ...
econs 1 - University of Maiduguri
... Households typically do not spend all their income as consumer goods. They also save part of their income. Government consist of large institutions in the modern world which tax individuals income and which use their tax proceeds to pay large quantities of goods and services from firms. Economic act ...
... Households typically do not spend all their income as consumer goods. They also save part of their income. Government consist of large institutions in the modern world which tax individuals income and which use their tax proceeds to pay large quantities of goods and services from firms. Economic act ...
Upper Level Courses Fall 2015 - College of Social Sciences and
... How do we know if an economic theory is valid or just hot air? This class will teach you the basic tools that economists and other social scientists use to provide empirical support for their hypotheses. Specifically, we’ll cover the methods of statistical analysis of economic data. The class begins ...
... How do we know if an economic theory is valid or just hot air? This class will teach you the basic tools that economists and other social scientists use to provide empirical support for their hypotheses. Specifically, we’ll cover the methods of statistical analysis of economic data. The class begins ...
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... the potential impacts of aid on export earnings, but the studies that have been undertaken highlight that a high level of aid inflow has a negative effect on the countries’ competitiveness and private investment (Tsikata, 1998). After the 1980s, the examination of the aid-growth nexus has paid much ...
... the potential impacts of aid on export earnings, but the studies that have been undertaken highlight that a high level of aid inflow has a negative effect on the countries’ competitiveness and private investment (Tsikata, 1998). After the 1980s, the examination of the aid-growth nexus has paid much ...
Kazakhstan`s 2030 Strategy - American Economic Association
... Transformation Facility, whose conditions included strong provisions on a liberal trade policy. The liberalization process slowed, however, during 1993. Kazakhstan was one of the most reluctant Soviet successor states to abandon the ruble. When the national currency was eventually introduced in Nove ...
... Transformation Facility, whose conditions included strong provisions on a liberal trade policy. The liberalization process slowed, however, during 1993. Kazakhstan was one of the most reluctant Soviet successor states to abandon the ruble. When the national currency was eventually introduced in Nove ...
A New Monthly Indicator of Global Real Economic Activity
... monthly data published by Drewry Shipping Consultants Ltd from the period January 1968 to the present based on various bulk dry cargoes prices, including grain, oilseeds, coal, iron ore, fertilizer and scrap metal. When modelling international commodity prices or business cycles, an important advant ...
... monthly data published by Drewry Shipping Consultants Ltd from the period January 1968 to the present based on various bulk dry cargoes prices, including grain, oilseeds, coal, iron ore, fertilizer and scrap metal. When modelling international commodity prices or business cycles, an important advant ...
Aviation Economic Benefits
... economic development and in supporting long-term economic growth. It facilitates a country’s integration into the global economy, providing direct benefits for users and wider economic benefits through its positive impact on productivity and growth. Economic growth is determined by the resources ava ...
... economic development and in supporting long-term economic growth. It facilitates a country’s integration into the global economy, providing direct benefits for users and wider economic benefits through its positive impact on productivity and growth. Economic growth is determined by the resources ava ...
SPATIAL APPROACH TO TERRITORIAL CONVERGENCE
... economic convergence at the regional level, comparing the estimated local parameters of conditional convergence. This section is aimed at assessing whether the intensity of the convergence process is similar and convergent in the two sectors and if there is consistency or dissonance between the loca ...
... economic convergence at the regional level, comparing the estimated local parameters of conditional convergence. This section is aimed at assessing whether the intensity of the convergence process is similar and convergent in the two sectors and if there is consistency or dissonance between the loca ...
Is Europe going far enough? Reflections on the Stability and Growth
... preference heterogeneity below. Here I will only insist that an efficient policy mix is a necessary condition for the sustainability of macroeconomic stability, but different policy mixes may also set different incentives for economic growth and improvements at the supply-side of the economy. Theref ...
... preference heterogeneity below. Here I will only insist that an efficient policy mix is a necessary condition for the sustainability of macroeconomic stability, but different policy mixes may also set different incentives for economic growth and improvements at the supply-side of the economy. Theref ...
Infrastructure Investment and Economic Growth: Surveying New Post-Crisis Evidence POLICY MEMO
... In this paper, we argue that the government is in the best position to fund transportation infrastructure projects, given the inherently public nature of roads, bridges, and public transit. Moreover, if the government chooses to invest in a market that already has private competition, it risks crowd ...
... In this paper, we argue that the government is in the best position to fund transportation infrastructure projects, given the inherently public nature of roads, bridges, and public transit. Moreover, if the government chooses to invest in a market that already has private competition, it risks crowd ...
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF)
... Government Expenditure And Economicgrowth Nexus: Empirical Evidence From Nigeria… Abu Badaer and Abu Qarn (2003) investigated the causal link between government expenditure and economic growth for Egypt, Israel and Syria. The study found bidirectional causality from government spending to economic ...
... Government Expenditure And Economicgrowth Nexus: Empirical Evidence From Nigeria… Abu Badaer and Abu Qarn (2003) investigated the causal link between government expenditure and economic growth for Egypt, Israel and Syria. The study found bidirectional causality from government spending to economic ...
In the wake of the crisis: Argentina`s new economic and labour
... by Argentina in these three years. All these aspects taken together, and this is something new, point to a strong and efficient State which allowed the country to make a rapid recovery from the most devastating effects of the crisis. Of course, in many ways the international climate was favourable. ...
... by Argentina in these three years. All these aspects taken together, and this is something new, point to a strong and efficient State which allowed the country to make a rapid recovery from the most devastating effects of the crisis. Of course, in many ways the international climate was favourable. ...
Competition Policy in Small Distant Open Economies
... The purpose of this paper is to examine whether there is a case for adjustments to the standard competition policy approach in order to deal with the challenges posed by the location and relatively small size of the New Zealand economy. The economic precepts underlying the Commerce Act 1986 were in ...
... The purpose of this paper is to examine whether there is a case for adjustments to the standard competition policy approach in order to deal with the challenges posed by the location and relatively small size of the New Zealand economy. The economic precepts underlying the Commerce Act 1986 were in ...
Europe in Crisis: Challenges and Scenarios for
... It deals with real world phenomena such as unemployment and stagnating economies. PostKeynesian approaches in addition to Keynes combine elements of classical political economy, institutionalist approaches and often concentrate on explicitly criticizing neoclassical perspectives, the financial secto ...
... It deals with real world phenomena such as unemployment and stagnating economies. PostKeynesian approaches in addition to Keynes combine elements of classical political economy, institutionalist approaches and often concentrate on explicitly criticizing neoclassical perspectives, the financial secto ...