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Animal Behavior and Ethology
Animal Behavior and Ethology

... individuals is a ranking of power among the members. The member with the most power is the “alpha” member. The second-in-command is the “beta” member—they dominate everyone in the group except the alpha. Alpha members have first dibs on everything—mates, food, etc. Note: Since there is an order, kno ...
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... Each class then counts and collects invertebrates and sorts according to type using a field guide or key Each species is sketched and identified with some information researched about species characteristics, feeding habits, reproductive cycle etc. Results are graphed (frequency vs. species) and com ...
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Cytotoxicity potentials of eleven Bangladeshi medicinal plants

... Nature is the source of 87% drug used to treat all categorized human diseases. 25% of prescribed drugs are originated from plant. Over 3000 species of plants have been reported for their anticancer property. Uddin et al. [1] stated that till now about 80% people in developing countries rely on tradi ...
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Zoopharmacognosy



Zoopharmacognosy is a behaviour in which non-human animals apparently self-medicate by selecting and ingesting or topically applying plants, soils, insects, and psychoactive drugs to treat or prevent disease.The term derives from roots zoo (""animal""), pharma (""drug""), and gnosy (""knowing"") and was proposed in 1993. The term gained popularity from academic works and in a book by Cindy Engel called Wild Health: How Animals Keep Themselves Well and What We Can Learn from Them.A well-known example of zoopharmacognosy occurs when dogs eat grass to induce vomiting. However, the behaviour is more diverse than this. Animals ingest non-foods such as clay, charcoal and even toxic plants, apparently to prevent parasitic infestation or poisoning. Self-medication in wild animals remains a controversial subject because evidence is mostly circumstantial or anecdotal, however, there are many purported examples. The methods by which animals self-medicate vary, but can be classified according to function as prophylactic (preventative, before infection or poisoning) or therapeutic (after infection, to combat the pathogen or poisoning).
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