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Symbiosis: means “to live together” Google Images.com Symbiotic relationship: Occurs when 2 species “live together” in close contact with each other – they are said to have a symbiotic relationship. Mutualism – Both Species Benefit Both Depend upon the relationship for easier survival - both benefit Sea Anemone feeds on food scraps and fecal material of clown-fish Clown fish is given a safe home and protection Clown Fish and Sea Anemone Oxpecker (or tickbird) and Rhinoceros Aphids and Ants - both benefit Bird feeds on ticks on rhino, Bird is provided food and safety - both benefit Aphids provide ants with sweet liquids (aphids are small insects) Ants protect the aphids from predators Gazelle and Ostrich - both benefit Both species watch for predators and alert each other to danger Sea Bass and the Wrasse Fish - Wrasse fish feeds on parasites on bass Sea bass is cleaned of parasites - both benefit Yucca Plant and Yucca Moth - both benefit Moths pollinate Yucca flowers, Moths lay eggs in flowers, larvae hatch, eat seeds Honey Guide Bird and the Badger - both benefit Bird shows or leads the badger to honey, Badger exposes hive to feeds, then bird feeds Commensalism – ONE Species Benefits, other species does not benefit nor harmed. One Species receives food and/or shelter without harm or help to the other species Lichens, Moss and Trees Lichens and Moss benefit Lichens live on trees (home) - Moss is given shade (shelter) by tree Tree is not harmed, tree is not helped Army Ant and Silverfish - Silverfish live with ants and share prey Silverfish not harmed, silverfish not helped Shark and Remora - Remora Benefits Remora attach to shark's body; Remora is able to travel and feed on food scraps Shark is not harmed, shark is not helped Shell of Snail and Hermit Crab Whale and Barnacle Hermit Crab benefits Snail shell is abandoned. Crabs live in shells abandoned by snails. Snail not harmed, snail no benefit Barnacles benefit. Barnacles attach to whales and gives the Barnacle a safe home Whale not harmed, whale no benefit Buffalo (Bison) and Cowbird Cowbirds benefit Buffalo walk in grasses, stir up insects - Buffalo not harmed, not helped Enable cowbirds to see insects and feed upon them (safe place to rest too) Maribou Stork and Bee - Stork cuts up dead animals, Stork provides meat (stork’s scraps) to bees for food and egg-laying Parasitism – One species (parasite) Harmed or even killed in this relationship One species takes nourishment for itself to the harm of the other species Mistletoe and Spruce Tree Cuckoo Bird and Warbler Harms tree Mistletoe takes nutrients and water from spruce tree Nest or brood parasitism Cuckoo lays its egg in warbler's nest, Cuckoo birds displace warbler's young Cuckoo raised by the warbler Fleas and Dogs, Cats Mice Harms dogs, cats and mice, etc… Flea feeds on blood of dog, cats and mice Ticks and Deer, Dogs, Cats, Humans Harms deer, dogs, cats and humans Ticks feed on blood of deer, dog, cat and humans Mosquito and Humans Harms humans Mosquito feeds on blood of person
