• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Organic Chemistry II Introduction
Organic Chemistry II Introduction

... Widely used as automobile antifreeze (lowers freezing point of water solutions) ...
Exam 3 - Napa Valley College
Exam 3 - Napa Valley College

... mean that you would get a lot of by-products but you would end up getting more product also (SN1 major, E1 minor). 4) There are a number of ways of substituting a halogen for an alcohol group, but some ways are better than others. What advantage is there in using PCl3 rather than HCl in the chloride ...
The d-Block Elements
The d-Block Elements

... the overall trends are rather common, however, and in many cases, they are attributable to the stability associated with filled and half-filled subshells. For example, the 4s23d10 electron configuration of zinc results in its strong tendency to form the stable Zn2+ ion, with a 3d10 electron configur ...
PC_Chemistry_Macomb_April08
PC_Chemistry_Macomb_April08

... The integrity of the scientific process depends on scientists and citizens understanding and respecting the “Nature of Science.” Openness to new ideas, skepticism, and honesty are attributes required for good scientific practice. Scientists must use logical reasoning during investigation design, ana ...
AP Chemistry - Notes
AP Chemistry - Notes

... b. conservation of atoms (mass) - atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions, they are recombined to form different substances - mass is neither created nor destroyed chemical reactions (as opposed to nuclear reactions) - chemical reactions must therefore be balanced - have same k ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... THE CHEMISTRY OF ALCOHOLS Before you start it would be helpful to… • Recall the definition of a covalent bond • Recall the difference types of physical bonding • Be able to balance simple equations • Be able to write out structures for simple organic molecules • Understand the IUPAC nomenclature ru ...
physicochemical properties of organic medicinal agents
physicochemical properties of organic medicinal agents

... Perhaps the most noteworthy difference between alkenes/alkenyl groups and polar organic functionality in terms of drug chemistry is the difference in solubility properties. As discussed in other tutorials, structurally similar or analogous compounds (“like” compounds) display overlapping solubility ...
+ H 2 O(l) - Knockhardy
+ H 2 O(l) - Knockhardy

... THE CHEMISTRY OF ALCOHOLS Before you start it would be helpful to… • Recall the definition of a covalent bond • Recall the difference types of physical bonding • Be able to balance simple equations • Be able to write out structures for simple organic molecules • Understand the IUPAC nomenclature ru ...
CHAPTER 19
CHAPTER 19

... either atom has totally lost or totally gained any electrons. In the case of the formation of hydrogen chloride, for example, hydrogen simply has donated a share of its bonding electron to the chlorine; it has not completely transferred that electron. The assignment of oxidation numbers allows an ap ...
Mole Concept
Mole Concept

GRE Chemistry Test Practice Book
GRE Chemistry Test Practice Book

... other modern main group and transition metal reagents and catalysts F. Special Topics — Resonance, molecular orbital theory, catalysis, acid-base theory, carbon acidity, aromaticity, antiaromaticity, macromolecules, lipids, amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, terpenes, asymmetric s ...
Alcohols Phenols and Ethers
Alcohols Phenols and Ethers

... bond and one for the hydroxyl group. The –ol suffix is last and takes precedence in the numbering. 3. If the hydroxyl group is directly attached to an aromatic ring, the compound is named as a phenol. 4. If the hydroxyl group occurs in a carboxylic acid, aldehyde, or ketone, it is named as a substit ...
Review Study Guide for the Final
Review Study Guide for the Final

... What is it called when you have more electrons than protons? ...
14.1 Dynamic Equilibrium, Keq , and the Mass Action Expression
14.1 Dynamic Equilibrium, Keq , and the Mass Action Expression

... When making assumptions, if a reaction has a relatively small keq and a relatively large initial reactant concentration, then the concentration change (x) can often be neglected without introducing significant error. This does not mean x = 0, because then this would mean there is no reaction. It mea ...
01. Introduction of bioorganic chemistry. Classification, structure
01. Introduction of bioorganic chemistry. Classification, structure

... Kekule’s formula: carbon atoms in a benzene molecule are arranged in a six-membered ring with one hydrogen atom bonded to each carbon atom and with three double carbon-carbon bonds. Benzene doesn’t react as a typical alkene (doesn’t decolorize bromine solution, negative Bayer’s test). Benzene behave ...
Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations
Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations

Benzylamine reacts with nitrous acid to form unstable
Benzylamine reacts with nitrous acid to form unstable

... 1. Write the use of quaternary ammonium salts? 2. What product is formed when aniline is first diazotized and then treated with Phenol in alkaline medium? 3. How is phenyl hydrazine prepared from aniline? 4. What is the IUPAC name of a tertiary amine containing one methyl, one ethyl and one n-propyl ...
Chapter 3
Chapter 3

Unit 5: Oragnic Chemistry Notes (answers)
Unit 5: Oragnic Chemistry Notes (answers)

... 1. Most Alkenes and Alkynes are Non-Polar. They only have London Dispersion Forces. 2. Their boiling points are comparable to alkanes. The double bonds and triple bonds do NOT have any effect on their physical properties. 3. They do give off more heat (more exothermic) when burned (combusted) compar ...
Carbonyl α-substitution and Condensation Reactions
Carbonyl α-substitution and Condensation Reactions

Chemistry 121: Topic 2 - From Atoms to Stoichiometry Topic 2
Chemistry 121: Topic 2 - From Atoms to Stoichiometry Topic 2

... ¾ The atomic number (Z) is the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element. ¾ In a neutral atom the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons ¾ The chemical identity of an atom can be determined solely from its atomic number. For example, the atomic number of nitrogen is ...
Predissociation dynamics of lithium iodide
Predissociation dynamics of lithium iodide

... reactions with laser pulses has initiated the field of coherent control.1–3 The idea is to selectively control the outcome of photo-induced reactions—formation of a chemical bond or creation of photofragments—by changing the parameters of the laser pulses. Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy has bee ...
Unit X Organic Chem (SmartBoard)
Unit X Organic Chem (SmartBoard)

... The benzene ring, also known as an “AROMATIC RING”, is present in a large number of molecules and many molecules contain two or more aromatic rings joined together. An AROMATIC MOLECULE is a molecule containing one or more benzene rings. NAMING AROMATIC MOLECULES: i) ...
chapter 3 Questions
chapter 3 Questions

Developments in Synthetic Application of Selenium(IV) Oxide and
Developments in Synthetic Application of Selenium(IV) Oxide and

... 2. Selenium(IV) Oxide and Selenic(IV) Acid as Oxidizing Agents and Oxidation Catalysts The first publication on the use of selenium(IV) oxide in oxidation reactions appeared in 1932 [27] and since then it has been applied as a versatile reagent for the synthesis of various types of organic compounds ...
< 1 ... 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 ... 547 >

Physical organic chemistry

Physical organic chemistry, a term coined by Louis Hammett in 1940, refers to a discipline of organic chemistry that focuses on the relationship between chemical structures and reactivity, in particular, applying experimental tools of physical chemistry to the study of organic molecules. Specific focal points of study include the rates of organic reactions, the relative chemical stabilities of the starting materials, reactive intermediates, transition states, and products of chemical reactions, and non-covalent aspects of solvation and molecular interactions that influence chemical reactivity. Such studies provide theoretical and practical frameworks to understand how changes in structure in solution or solid-state contexts impact reaction mechanism and rate for each organic reaction of interest. Physical organic chemists use theoretical and experimental approaches work to understand these foundational problems in organic chemistry, including classical and statistical thermodynamic calculations, quantum mechanical theory and computational chemistry, as well as experimental spectroscopy (e.g., NMR), spectrometry (e.g., MS), and crystallography approaches. The field therefore has applications to a wide variety of more specialized fields, including electro- and photochemistry, polymer and supramolecular chemistry, and bioorganic chemistry, enzymology, and chemical biology, as well as to commercial enterprises involving process chemistry, chemical engineering, materials science and nanotechnology, and drug discovery.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report