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Heart rate as a marker of incidence and prognosis of cardiovascular
Heart rate as a marker of incidence and prognosis of cardiovascular

... I used CALIBER, a linked electronic health records (EHR) platform that links primary and secondary care data, myocardial infarction disease registry and mortality data. Additionally, to establish a clinical cohort of people with CAD, I consented, recruited and collected anthropometric and biomarker ...
Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography in the Neonatal Intensive
Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography in the Neonatal Intensive

... with structurally normal hearts can focus on hemodynamic or functional assessment. The initial echocardiographic examination should always be a comprehensive study of both anatomy and function that is to be interpreted by a pediatric cardiologist within a reasonable time frame. Some structural defec ...
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... Morphology ofthe coronary capillary bed has been the terms of a connectivity matrix. Combining the present data with those for the arterial and venous trees, we have obtained subject of intensive studies in the past century. The first a complete set of statistical data of all the blood vessels ofthe ...
Water and sodium regulation in chronic heart failure: the role of
Water and sodium regulation in chronic heart failure: the role of

... Plasma ANP levels have been suggested to be elevated in coronary disease independent of left ventricular enlargement [75], and show a significant fall post successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Postmyocardial infarction plasma BNP levels seem also to relate to infarct artery pat ...
Definitions for a common standard for 2D speckle tracking
Definitions for a common standard for 2D speckle tracking

... Velocity is a vectorial quantity with a direction and amplitude. Velocities are commonly reported just as measured, but sometimes they are reported after subtracting the average velocity of the overall LV. While in some cases this subtraction may correct for overall LV translation, it may also mask ...
Failure of Glycogen Depletion to Improve Left Ventricular Function of
Failure of Glycogen Depletion to Improve Left Ventricular Function of

... were freeze-clamped for metabolite determination. The protocol and experimental conditions used in these groups were the same as those used by Neely and Grotyohann5 for rat hearts, with the notable exception that we used 2.5 rather than 1.25 mM [Ca2+] throughout. This was necessary because of the st ...
Modelling of the ventricular conduction system
Modelling of the ventricular conduction system

... after the atria. In the ventricles the excitation spreads at a high speed from the AV node through the Hisbundle, left and right Tawara branches and Purkinje fibres. The Purkinje fibres are electrically connected to the ventricular muscle at certain insertion sites, from which the wave enters the vent ...
Improving Chronic Disease Management - Health
Improving Chronic Disease Management - Health

... similar components it is not the same as the Chronic Disease Model being proposed for implementation in British Columbia. The Chronic Disease Model needs to be tested to determine if the same magnitude of costs and benefits apply. Further, the MULTIFIT benefits were realized within the U.S. health s ...
2013 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac
2013 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac

... Disclaimer. The ESC Guidelines represent the views of the ESC and were arrived at after careful consideration of the available evidence at the time they were written. Health professionals are encouraged to take them fully into account when exercising their clinical judgement. The guidelines do not, ...
System into Left Innominate Vein
System into Left Innominate Vein

Pacemaker`s Functional Behaviors in Event-B - HAL
Pacemaker`s Functional Behaviors in Event-B - HAL

... heart and sensing the intrinsic activity from the heart. The operating modes of Bradycardia Therapy and formal model of Pacemaker system are based on informal requirements, which are given by Boston Scientific [5]. We have found a case study on distributed real-time model of a cardiac pacing system ...
Sarcospan Regulates Cardiac Isoproterenol Response and
Sarcospan Regulates Cardiac Isoproterenol Response and

... All mice used in this study were males and different ages are listed in the figure legends. The SSPN-deficient mice used in this study were a generous gift from Dr Kevin P. Campbell (University of Iowa Medical School, Iowa City, IA). SSPN-null mice were maintained using a SSPN-null9SSPN-null breeding ...
by Angiotensin II - Circulation Research
by Angiotensin II - Circulation Research

... School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill., the Cardiology Department (L.-B.T.), Killingbeck Hospital, Leeds, UK, the Dept. de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (J.E.J.), Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile, and the Division of Cardiology (J.S.J., K.T.W.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. Supporte ...
updated imaging guidelines for nuclear cardiology procedures
updated imaging guidelines for nuclear cardiology procedures

... resulting in higher spatial and contrast resolution. There is also less scatter and attenuation over this angular range. The 360˚ orbit usually results in better uniformity of normal myocardium due to more consistent spatial resolution (which is a function of the distance to the collimator). Some do ...
Oshima 2009
Oshima 2009

... images showing that transfection of adenoviral vector expressing activin ␤A (Ad-act␤A) at an MOI of 50 resulted in increased expression of Bcl-2 and phosphorylation of Smad2. Membranes were blotted for ␣-tubulin to indicate equal protein loading. Histogram shows quantification of the band intensitie ...
A review of heart chamber segmentation for structural and functional
A review of heart chamber segmentation for structural and functional

... an inner and outer border: the endocardium and the epicardium, respectively. MRI protocols Since pathological changes are related to abnormal structural and physiological indices, experts are seeking for a more accurate diagnosis or risk stratification of CVDs based on quantitative anatomical or fun ...
View Presentation - Society of Thoracic Radiology
View Presentation - Society of Thoracic Radiology

... stationary chest wall,2 3) provide a defined space for the atria to be filled while the ventricles contract, acting as a backbone to prevent atrial collapse and allowing for blood to be “pulled into” the atria. The atria can act like individual bellows that fill with new blood as their respective ve ...
Simplified Method for Vagal Effect Evaluation in Cardiac Ablation
Simplified Method for Vagal Effect Evaluation in Cardiac Ablation

... slightly turned to the medial direction, short stimu- ...
images/Electrocardiography and Arrhythmia for Med Students.pps
images/Electrocardiography and Arrhythmia for Med Students.pps

... • Block of some atrial impulses at a time when physiological interference is not involved • Non-conducted P waves can be infrequent or frequent, at regular or irregular intervals, and can be preceded by fixed or lengthening PR intervals. • The association of P with QRS is not random. Tehran Arrhythm ...
AED - The Loudoun County Volunteer Rescue Squad
AED - The Loudoun County Volunteer Rescue Squad

... Ventricular Fibrillation (VFib) is the most frequent rhythm present when a patient is found in cardiac arrest. Ventricular Fibrillation is a useless quivering of the heart that results in no blood flow, therefore no pulse. Early Defibrillation is the only effective treatment for ...
Spiral wave dynamics and ventricular arrhythmias
Spiral wave dynamics and ventricular arrhythmias

... Evolutionary and Embryological Development of the Mammalian Heart 1.2 Within the animal kingdom there is a great variety in circulatory systems. In invertebrates, circulatory systems vary from a body fluid moved by muscle contractions (small crustaceans), to single (some crustaceans and mollusks) o ...
Cardiovascular Response to Breath-Holding Explained by Changes
Cardiovascular Response to Breath-Holding Explained by Changes

... systems plays a significant role [19]. Although there are some studies, which have analysed the functioning of the central and peripheral cardiovascular mechanisms, but the extent and sequence of activation of the central and peripheral regulatory mechanisms of the circulatory system, as well as the ...
Strain and Strain Rate Imaging by Echocardiography
Strain and Strain Rate Imaging by Echocardiography

Evaluation of Syncope
Evaluation of Syncope

... Though relatively common, syncope is a complex presenting symptom defined by a transient loss of consciousness, usually accompanied by falling, and with spontaneous recovery. Syncope must be carefully differentiated from other conditions that may cause a loss of consciousness or falling. Syncope can ...
NIH Public Access
NIH Public Access

... which was associated with worse outcome [43, 45]. In a recent retrospective study, elective delayed sternal closure afforded no benefit [55]. Although delayed sternal closure is used commonly and may be necessary in patients who have had a prolonged and complicated operation, routine delayed sternal ...
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Electrocardiography



Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles (""leads"") and is recorded over a period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).During each heartbeat, a healthy heart will have an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. Among other things, an ECG can be used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of implanted pacemakers.
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