Autonomic Nervous System Interaction With the
... situations of hemodynamic collapse or respiratory failure. Sympathetic responses include an increase in HR, blood pressure, and cardiac output; a diversion of blood flow from the skin and splanchnic vessels to those supplying skeletal muscle; bronchiolar dilation; and a decline in metabolic activity ...
... situations of hemodynamic collapse or respiratory failure. Sympathetic responses include an increase in HR, blood pressure, and cardiac output; a diversion of blood flow from the skin and splanchnic vessels to those supplying skeletal muscle; bronchiolar dilation; and a decline in metabolic activity ...
Cardiovascular Physiology Of Fish
... 9.9±2.0 ml/min/kg, respectively. These values for the for H. didactylus heart, are in the range of values reported using invasive methods for other fish species with 100 % trabecular myocardium and low ventricular mass. The study of STI revealed temporal relations between several electromechanical e ...
... 9.9±2.0 ml/min/kg, respectively. These values for the for H. didactylus heart, are in the range of values reported using invasive methods for other fish species with 100 % trabecular myocardium and low ventricular mass. The study of STI revealed temporal relations between several electromechanical e ...
Print - Circulation Research
... intersection of these three response surfaces. Sagawa (1973) has shown that the equilibrium value also may be represented by the intersection of the three-dimensional response surface for CO (Fig. 3) with a curve in space that represents the vascular components of the system. Guyton and his coworker ...
... intersection of these three response surfaces. Sagawa (1973) has shown that the equilibrium value also may be represented by the intersection of the three-dimensional response surface for CO (Fig. 3) with a curve in space that represents the vascular components of the system. Guyton and his coworker ...
coronary artery disease
... Ischemic cells cannot get enough oxygen or glucose Ischemic myocardial cells may have decreased electrical & muscular function Cells convert to anaerobic metabolism. Cells produce lactic acid as waste Pain develops from lactic acid accumulation ...
... Ischemic cells cannot get enough oxygen or glucose Ischemic myocardial cells may have decreased electrical & muscular function Cells convert to anaerobic metabolism. Cells produce lactic acid as waste Pain develops from lactic acid accumulation ...
Ventricular Structure and Function in Hypertensive Participants With
... physician diagnosis of heart failure was confirmed by documentation in the medical record of a constellation of symptoms (shortness of breath, fatigue, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea) and physical signs (edema, pulmonary rales, gallop rhythm, displaced LV apical impulse) or by supporting cl ...
... physician diagnosis of heart failure was confirmed by documentation in the medical record of a constellation of symptoms (shortness of breath, fatigue, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea) and physical signs (edema, pulmonary rales, gallop rhythm, displaced LV apical impulse) or by supporting cl ...
General Cardiac Pathophysiology II
... failure. = wall stress, Ø = Frank-Starling mechanism ceases to work Systolic and diastolic dysfunction represent an early stage of later manifest failure and its immediate hemodynamic mechanism Neural and endocrine compensatory reactions are originally useful physiological feedback reactions; thei ...
... failure. = wall stress, Ø = Frank-Starling mechanism ceases to work Systolic and diastolic dysfunction represent an early stage of later manifest failure and its immediate hemodynamic mechanism Neural and endocrine compensatory reactions are originally useful physiological feedback reactions; thei ...
Increased long-term mortality in heart failure due to sleep apnoea... not yet proven T. Roebuck , P. Solin
... The percentage of deaths, transplantations, and combined death and transplantation were not significantly different across the three groups (table 2). There was no difference in cardiac death due to either sudden or progressive CHF. The noncardiac causes of death were post-transplant rejection and s ...
... The percentage of deaths, transplantations, and combined death and transplantation were not significantly different across the three groups (table 2). There was no difference in cardiac death due to either sudden or progressive CHF. The noncardiac causes of death were post-transplant rejection and s ...
coronary artery disease
... Ischemic cells cannot get enough oxygen or glucose Ischemic myocardial cells may have decreased electrical & muscular function Cells convert to anaerobic metabolism. Cells produce lactic acid as waste Pain develops from lactic acid accumulation ...
... Ischemic cells cannot get enough oxygen or glucose Ischemic myocardial cells may have decreased electrical & muscular function Cells convert to anaerobic metabolism. Cells produce lactic acid as waste Pain develops from lactic acid accumulation ...
Linoleate-Rich High-Fat Diet Decreases Mortality in
... low-fat rat chow diet (Purina 5001) ad libitum until 18 months of age, when they routinely exhibit pronounced cardiac hypertrophy and marked reductions in cardiac L4CL.17,20 Animals were then divided into 3 diet groups: a standard high-carbohydrate, low-fat (Purina 5001) chow diet (CON; n⫽13), a hig ...
... low-fat rat chow diet (Purina 5001) ad libitum until 18 months of age, when they routinely exhibit pronounced cardiac hypertrophy and marked reductions in cardiac L4CL.17,20 Animals were then divided into 3 diet groups: a standard high-carbohydrate, low-fat (Purina 5001) chow diet (CON; n⫽13), a hig ...
Chronic Stable Angina: Diagnosis and Risk
... addition, poorly controlled hypertension worsens angina by increasing myocardial wall stress and oxygen demand. Tachyarrhythmias may worsen angina and when present should prompt an evaluation for hyperthyroidism, such as the presence of a tremor, goiter, or thyroid bruit. A thorough cardiopulmonary ...
... addition, poorly controlled hypertension worsens angina by increasing myocardial wall stress and oxygen demand. Tachyarrhythmias may worsen angina and when present should prompt an evaluation for hyperthyroidism, such as the presence of a tremor, goiter, or thyroid bruit. A thorough cardiopulmonary ...
ICD Implantation Practice Within Europe: How To Explain The
... ICD indications was present in only 45% of responders and that cardiologists that do not perform implantations have significantly lower guidelines knowledge than implanters. These findings are in agreement with USA and New Zealand data showing that a substantial number of physicians fail to refer th ...
... ICD indications was present in only 45% of responders and that cardiologists that do not perform implantations have significantly lower guidelines knowledge than implanters. These findings are in agreement with USA and New Zealand data showing that a substantial number of physicians fail to refer th ...
Effects of prolonged anoxia on electrical activity of the heart in
... in neutralized tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222, 0.3 mg/L, Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) and ...
... in neutralized tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222, 0.3 mg/L, Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) and ...
Anomalous Origin of Right Coronary Artery
... Clinical presentation of these patients ranges from asymptomatic for non-significant anomalies to syncope, chest pain, myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in significant anomalies. Diagnosis of anomalous coronary arteries may be suggested by echocardiography and a high index of suspicion. ...
... Clinical presentation of these patients ranges from asymptomatic for non-significant anomalies to syncope, chest pain, myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in significant anomalies. Diagnosis of anomalous coronary arteries may be suggested by echocardiography and a high index of suspicion. ...
Development of the Cardiovascular System
... The Atrio-Ventricular (AV) canal between the primitive atrium and ventricle has now been partitioned by the fusing endocardial cushions. - Shunting of venous return The development of the venous system causes an increase in right-sided venous return to the primitive atrium. Combined with the partiti ...
... The Atrio-Ventricular (AV) canal between the primitive atrium and ventricle has now been partitioned by the fusing endocardial cushions. - Shunting of venous return The development of the venous system causes an increase in right-sided venous return to the primitive atrium. Combined with the partiti ...
Cross-sectional Echocardiographic Diagnosis
... 31 of 33 group A patients and fulfilled the major criterion for subclassification as univentricular heart of left ventricular type. Twenty-seven of these 31 outlet chambers were imaged in the short-axis view and 24 were imaged in subcostal views. Echocardiograms of the rudimentary chambers in these ...
... 31 of 33 group A patients and fulfilled the major criterion for subclassification as univentricular heart of left ventricular type. Twenty-seven of these 31 outlet chambers were imaged in the short-axis view and 24 were imaged in subcostal views. Echocardiograms of the rudimentary chambers in these ...
Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure
... vena cava. It is a thin walled, low-pressure system, and is home to the sinoatrial (SA) node, which is the pacemaker of the heart. The right ventricle is also a thin walled, low pressure chamber that receives blood from the right atrium when the atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve) is open. When ...
... vena cava. It is a thin walled, low-pressure system, and is home to the sinoatrial (SA) node, which is the pacemaker of the heart. The right ventricle is also a thin walled, low pressure chamber that receives blood from the right atrium when the atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve) is open. When ...
Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava With Absent Right
... long (85 cm) active fixation lead could be manipulated to enter the right ventricle by the use of the wide-loop technique.9,10 In case of dual pacemaker implantation a second lead is screwed into the right atrial wall.9 Finally, pacing through the tributaries of the coronary sinus or a middle cardia ...
... long (85 cm) active fixation lead could be manipulated to enter the right ventricle by the use of the wide-loop technique.9,10 In case of dual pacemaker implantation a second lead is screwed into the right atrial wall.9 Finally, pacing through the tributaries of the coronary sinus or a middle cardia ...
fibrillation
... expected acceleration produced by similar stress and exercise in sinus rhythm. The action of the atrioventricular node as a pacemaker/oscillator electrotonically modulated by atrial activity"-" and also influenced by the autonomic nervous system'4 15 has recently been proposed. Conclusive evidence i ...
... expected acceleration produced by similar stress and exercise in sinus rhythm. The action of the atrioventricular node as a pacemaker/oscillator electrotonically modulated by atrial activity"-" and also influenced by the autonomic nervous system'4 15 has recently been proposed. Conclusive evidence i ...
Stress Testing in Cardiac Evaluation
... Types of Stress Tests The most commonly performed stress test is the graded exercise test, using either the treadmill or cycle ergometer. The patient is generally subjected to increasing workloads at 2- or 3-min intervals. The test is stopped for any of the reasons listed in Table 3. The ECG is moni ...
... Types of Stress Tests The most commonly performed stress test is the graded exercise test, using either the treadmill or cycle ergometer. The patient is generally subjected to increasing workloads at 2- or 3-min intervals. The test is stopped for any of the reasons listed in Table 3. The ECG is moni ...
Print - Circulation
... 31 of 33 group A patients and fulfilled the major criterion for subclassification as univentricular heart of left ventricular type. Twenty-seven of these 31 outlet chambers were imaged in the short-axis view and 24 were imaged in subcostal views. Echocardiograms of the rudimentary chambers in these ...
... 31 of 33 group A patients and fulfilled the major criterion for subclassification as univentricular heart of left ventricular type. Twenty-seven of these 31 outlet chambers were imaged in the short-axis view and 24 were imaged in subcostal views. Echocardiograms of the rudimentary chambers in these ...
Introduction to Ventricular Assist Device (VAD)
... During surgery, the surgeon attaches the VAD to the apex of the left ventricle and to the aorta. When the left ventricle (the major pumping chamber of the heart) contracts (systole), blood flows into the VAD pump. When the heart relaxes (diastole), the left ventricle fills with blood, and the blood ...
... During surgery, the surgeon attaches the VAD to the apex of the left ventricle and to the aorta. When the left ventricle (the major pumping chamber of the heart) contracts (systole), blood flows into the VAD pump. When the heart relaxes (diastole), the left ventricle fills with blood, and the blood ...
Guytonian approach to the circulation
... e→f: increase in RV (deminish the cross sectional area of the venous vessels) f→g: ！！ ...
... e→f: increase in RV (deminish the cross sectional area of the venous vessels) f→g: ！！ ...
Indices of Myocardial Contractility
... caution for estimating contractility since they are also influenced by other factors (e.g. preload, afterload, stiffness of the arterial tree). Parameters of the pressure-volume loop are considered the gold standard for measuring contractility, lusitrope, myocardial energetics and ventricular-vascul ...
... caution for estimating contractility since they are also influenced by other factors (e.g. preload, afterload, stiffness of the arterial tree). Parameters of the pressure-volume loop are considered the gold standard for measuring contractility, lusitrope, myocardial energetics and ventricular-vascul ...
Left Atrial Appendage: Useless or Priceless?
... As it is more distensible than the left atrium itself it can act as a decompression chamber when left atrial pressure is high. Animal experiments have shown that eliminating access to the LAA results in an increase in the size and mean pressure in the left atrium. ...
... As it is more distensible than the left atrium itself it can act as a decompression chamber when left atrial pressure is high. Animal experiments have shown that eliminating access to the LAA results in an increase in the size and mean pressure in the left atrium. ...
Electrocardiography
Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles (""leads"") and is recorded over a period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).During each heartbeat, a healthy heart will have an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. Among other things, an ECG can be used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of implanted pacemakers.