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... Follow-up was performed until January of 2016. The patients were followed-up for major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including cardiovascular death, cardiac transplantation, and cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRTD). CRT-D implantation was based on information obtained from me ...
Cardiovascular - Aurora Health Care
Cardiovascular - Aurora Health Care

... MD, and Masood Akhtar, MD, of Aurora Cardiovascular Services. Aurora faculty invited to present are: Arshad Jahangir, MD, David C. Kress, MD, and Imran Niazi, MD. The course is attended by electrophysiologists, cardiologists, fellows and other health care personnel interested in cardiac arrhythmias. ...
Dronedarone for Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm in Atrial Fibrillation
Dronedarone for Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm in Atrial Fibrillation

... one episode of atrial fibrillation (as seen on electrocardiography) in the preceding 3 months, and were in sinus rhythm for at least 1 hour before randomization. Excluded from the study were patients with permanent atrial fibrillation (i.e., a duration of at least 12 months); women who could become ...
Magnetic resonance imaging based assessment of aortic valve area
Magnetic resonance imaging based assessment of aortic valve area

... model was carried out in concordance to the guidelines on accommodations and care of animals formulated by the European Convention for Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes. The study protocol was approved by the local Ethic Committee No. 234/6.05.2015. ...
Electrophysiological Study of Human Heart Muscle
Electrophysiological Study of Human Heart Muscle

... The human atrial resting and action potentials recorded in this study are lower than those found in dog10 and rabbit.17 While action potentials with plateaus may be observed in dog atria, the plateaus characterizing the second type of action potential in the present study seem unusually prominent, a ...
Cardiology Board Review
Cardiology Board Review

... First-degree heart block is not likely in pericarditis. Pre-excitation is seen in patients who have Wolff-ParkinsonWhite syndrome rather than pericarditis. Abnormalities of the T waves usually implicate an electrolyte abnormality. Tall, peaked T waves are seen with hyperkalemia, and flattened T wave ...
FYZ/ZAA11
FYZ/ZAA11

... Physiology and function of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. Exercise:  monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex  reflex arc – function  determination of some reflexes in man Introduction to practical training: Action potentials of cardiac cells. Cardiac cycle. Exercise:  Physical examination of ...
PRELIMINARY VERSION Drug-Induced T-Wave Morphology Changes  
PRELIMINARY VERSION Drug-Induced T-Wave Morphology Changes  

... Drug-induced inhibition of the delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr) can cause delayed cardiac repolarization and lead to development of TdP. Inhibition of the potassium current appears as QT interval prolongation and changes in the morphology of the T-wave on the ECG. IKr inhibiting drugs and t ...
Canine Heart Failure Research at Wayne State University
Canine Heart Failure Research at Wayne State University

... weeks, using surgically implanted electrodes. Dogs in Dr. O’Leary’s heart failure and hypertension experiments undergo multiple sequential surgeries for implantation of various devices (such as pacing electrodes, blood pressure transducers, and blood vessel occluders) in their hearts and in the arte ...
Normal Cardiac Anatomy
Normal Cardiac Anatomy

... alveolar-capillary interface. A, Normal relationship. B, Increased pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure causes fluid to move from the vascular space into the pulmonary interstitial space. C, Lymphatic flow increases in an attempt to pull fluid back into the vascular or lymphatic space. D, Failur ...
Current aspects of the spectrum of acute heart failure syndromes in
Current aspects of the spectrum of acute heart failure syndromes in

... their inclusion in the study to avoid any bias in association estimates, i.e. if a patient was included on the 13th day of hospitalization and died on the 21st day, only that period contributed to the likelihood of the Cox model and not the time between hospital admission and death. Hazard ratios (H ...
What is Sudden Death in Athletes
What is Sudden Death in Athletes

... sometimes biochemical tests establish a post-mortem diagnosis of HCM. To see a representational sample of a gross heart specimen and histological studies, click here. In congenital anomalies, each variation of normal anatomy may have its specific mechanism of induction of hemodynamic compromise and ...
Echotech Reporting Guidelines
Echotech Reporting Guidelines

... • > 25% drop in mitral inflow E wave with inspiration • > 25% rise in tricuspid inflow E wave with inspiration • > 25% drop in subaortic outflow with inspiration ...
Editorial - Circulation
Editorial - Circulation

... agents and may be administered intravenously and concentrated in a region under the control of a magnetic source. Light or other part of the electromagnetic spectra may be used to activate drugs locally.20 For long-term administration, for this approach to become feasible, the agents must be able to ...
Misdiagnosis of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular
Misdiagnosis of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular

... exercise stress test. He was referred to a cardiologist for further evaluation. An echocardiogram revealed normal cardiac structure and function. Cardiac MRI was performed and was interpreted as showing increased intramyocardial fat signal in the RV free wall with wall thinning. Results of baseline ...
Lecture07 RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE
Lecture07 RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE

... Indeed, a patient may have sufficient pericardial fluid to cause life-threatening tamponade, but only have mild cardiac enlargement with an otherwise normal contour. A marked increase or decrease in the transverse cardiac diameter within a week or two, particularly if no pulmonary oedema occurs, is ...
Cardiovascular System Module 3: Heart Anatomy
Cardiovascular System Module 3: Heart Anatomy

... Unlike the interatrial septum, the interventricular septum is substantially thicker than the interatrial septum, since the ventricles generate far greater pressure when they contract. ...
Wound model of myocardial infarction - AJP
Wound model of myocardial infarction - AJP

... quite a tradition back to ancient medicine, current research on myocardial infarction is limited to cell transplantation into the infarct wound. It is attractive to compare wounds of various organs to detect general principles of wound healing. However, discrepancies are more obvious than similariti ...
Slides 11.1 - cloudfront.net
Slides 11.1 - cloudfront.net

...  2 systems regulate heart activity 1. Nerves of ANS that increase or decrease heart rate ...
24 - Medicina
24 - Medicina

... and did not complete the program. Most patients were in functional class III. Of the 30 patients (28 men, age 64 F 11 years) who completed the program, heart failure was caused by coronary artery disease in 20, and the LVEF was 28% F 9%. The baseline characteristics of patients completing the progra ...
Cardiology (McMullan)
Cardiology (McMullan)

... cause of HTN • Scenario – young adult with HTN, association with Turner’s syndrome • Diagnosis – BP in arms vs legs, radiofemoral pulse delay, 2/6 SEM LSB, may have aortic ejection click with bicuspid aortic valve • Tests – CXR with figure 3 sign and rib notching, echo, CT angio or MRA • Mgt – surgi ...
cardiac rhymicity
cardiac rhymicity

... ‫‪Faculty of Medicine‬‬ ...
The Aging Heart - UMass Medical School
The Aging Heart - UMass Medical School

Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Dilated Cardiomyopathy

... Given the lifeanddeath possibilities of cardiomyopathy, timely diagnosis is important so the dog's quality and length of life can be improved as much as possible. Preliminary tests can be performed by a general veterinarian, whereas some tests require more specialized equipment and interpretation an ...
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: a daunting disease of the heart
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: a daunting disease of the heart

... These changes take a long time (probably months to years), and during most of this time the dog will be symptomfree. Only when the compensatory mechanisms no longer can function adequately does the dog exhibit symptoms of heart failure. At this point the disease actually is quite progressed, and sur ...
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Electrocardiography



Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles (""leads"") and is recorded over a period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).During each heartbeat, a healthy heart will have an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. Among other things, an ECG can be used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of implanted pacemakers.
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