DOES OPENNESS IMPLY GREATER EXPOSURE?*
... 2000 (see Figure 1 for annual data and definitions). More openness implies higher integration of world goods and capital markets, contributing to potential gains in growth and welfare. However, more international integration could also lead to heightened external exposure, measured by the sensitivit ...
... 2000 (see Figure 1 for annual data and definitions). More openness implies higher integration of world goods and capital markets, contributing to potential gains in growth and welfare. However, more international integration could also lead to heightened external exposure, measured by the sensitivit ...
Paper
... Summers and Robert Gordon have been articulating a rather pessimistic view of longrun growth which contrasts with the optimism prevailing before the Great Recession (see Jorgenson et al., 2006). To complement this evidence, we start the analysis by presenting the results of two popular structural b ...
... Summers and Robert Gordon have been articulating a rather pessimistic view of longrun growth which contrasts with the optimism prevailing before the Great Recession (see Jorgenson et al., 2006). To complement this evidence, we start the analysis by presenting the results of two popular structural b ...
ge11 Harding 15027197 en
... attention an important concern with these OLS estimations. If there is a third factor not included in our model but correlated with aid and non-resource trade, then we may have an endogeneity problem. In particular, aid may be given to countries that have limited capacity for producing exports and g ...
... attention an important concern with these OLS estimations. If there is a third factor not included in our model but correlated with aid and non-resource trade, then we may have an endogeneity problem. In particular, aid may be given to countries that have limited capacity for producing exports and g ...
Management & Engineering journal homepage: www.seiofbluemountain.com
... is not to deny the possibilities of heavy taxes causing high logistics costs. However, tax factors have limited influences, because the taxes basically have the identical effects on the costs growth year to year. Moreover, in facts, taxes affect not only logistics industry, but also on the other ind ...
... is not to deny the possibilities of heavy taxes causing high logistics costs. However, tax factors have limited influences, because the taxes basically have the identical effects on the costs growth year to year. Moreover, in facts, taxes affect not only logistics industry, but also on the other ind ...
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... importantly, on foreign aid. Also, the public sector was still the dominant one compared to the private sector in Egypt. In response to that, Mubarak launched the First Five year plan of reforms in 1982. The aims of this five year plan were to increase local industrial activity by imposing tariff ba ...
... importantly, on foreign aid. Also, the public sector was still the dominant one compared to the private sector in Egypt. In response to that, Mubarak launched the First Five year plan of reforms in 1982. The aims of this five year plan were to increase local industrial activity by imposing tariff ba ...
CESifo Working Paper 3238
... potential for substantial improvements in the long-run economic well-being of OECD countries. The immense variation in the long-run growth experiences of developed countries has largely escaped notice. For example, from 1960 to 2000, GDP per capita grew by less than 1.5 percent on average per year i ...
... potential for substantial improvements in the long-run economic well-being of OECD countries. The immense variation in the long-run growth experiences of developed countries has largely escaped notice. For example, from 1960 to 2000, GDP per capita grew by less than 1.5 percent on average per year i ...
Iceland as Norm Entrepreneur
... The staff and faculty at Bífröst have been exemplary. Sincere thanks for your guidance and support. A special word of thanks to Prof. Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir, for generously giving of her limited time and patiently sharing her vast knowledge in my pursuit of this subject. To my fellow students who h ...
... The staff and faculty at Bífröst have been exemplary. Sincere thanks for your guidance and support. A special word of thanks to Prof. Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir, for generously giving of her limited time and patiently sharing her vast knowledge in my pursuit of this subject. To my fellow students who h ...
THE DUBAI LOGISTICS CLUSTER
... of its deep integration with the global economy and had negative GDP growth for the first time since its establishment. In 2012 the country recovered mostly thanks to the tourism and trade sectors. As a result, the government decided to focus on transitioning to a knowledge-based economy. In 2014, t ...
... of its deep integration with the global economy and had negative GDP growth for the first time since its establishment. In 2012 the country recovered mostly thanks to the tourism and trade sectors. As a result, the government decided to focus on transitioning to a knowledge-based economy. In 2014, t ...
Section I: Political Economy and Growth-Poverty Trends
... middle-income country believed to have considerable growth potential. The key to understanding the country’s economic history and its failure to develop lies in its natural resource endowments. Zambia is a land-abundant but sparsely-populated country in central Southern Africa. Agricultural potentia ...
... middle-income country believed to have considerable growth potential. The key to understanding the country’s economic history and its failure to develop lies in its natural resource endowments. Zambia is a land-abundant but sparsely-populated country in central Southern Africa. Agricultural potentia ...
Government and economic growth: Does size matter?
... New Zealand’s economic performance over the last six decades has been poor compared with most other Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. While New Zealand has grown at around the average of OECD countries since the 1990s, we have not been able to regain the ground ...
... New Zealand’s economic performance over the last six decades has been poor compared with most other Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. While New Zealand has grown at around the average of OECD countries since the 1990s, we have not been able to regain the ground ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Eric A. Hanushek Ludger Woessmann
... potential for substantial improvements in the long-run economic well-being of OECD countries. The immense variation in the long-run growth experiences of developed countries has largely escaped notice. For example, from 1960 to 2000, GDP per capita grew by less than 1.5 percent on average per year i ...
... potential for substantial improvements in the long-run economic well-being of OECD countries. The immense variation in the long-run growth experiences of developed countries has largely escaped notice. For example, from 1960 to 2000, GDP per capita grew by less than 1.5 percent on average per year i ...
University of Lethbridge — Department of Economics
... A) Net investment equals gross investment minus depreciation. B) Depreciation decreases the value of a firm's capital. C) Gross investment is the total amount spent buying new capital and replacing depreciated capital. D) Investment is the purchase of plant, equipment, and buildings and the addition ...
... A) Net investment equals gross investment minus depreciation. B) Depreciation decreases the value of a firm's capital. C) Gross investment is the total amount spent buying new capital and replacing depreciated capital. D) Investment is the purchase of plant, equipment, and buildings and the addition ...
1 Principles of Macroeconomics, 9e
... B) Investment in public capital is a source of economic growth, but investment in private capital is not. C) Investment in both private and public capital is conducive to economic growth and higher productivity. D) Neither investment in private nor public capital has any effect on economic growth an ...
... B) Investment in public capital is a source of economic growth, but investment in private capital is not. C) Investment in both private and public capital is conducive to economic growth and higher productivity. D) Neither investment in private nor public capital has any effect on economic growth an ...
Public Sector Stability and Balance of Payments Crisis
... where a current account surplus must be matched by a private sector surplus ( S tp > I tp ) and/or public-sector surplus (Tt > Gt). By analogy, a current account deficit must be matched by a private sector deficit and/or public sector deficit (i.e. the ‘twin deficit’ problem). When an economy start ...
... where a current account surplus must be matched by a private sector surplus ( S tp > I tp ) and/or public-sector surplus (Tt > Gt). By analogy, a current account deficit must be matched by a private sector deficit and/or public sector deficit (i.e. the ‘twin deficit’ problem). When an economy start ...
DISTRIBUTIVE IMPACT OF PRIVATIZATION IN LATIN AMERICA
... Starting in 1989, a wide range of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) were privatized in the early 1990s in Argentina. These included the main utilities (telecom, electricity, water, gas, air and rail transport), petrochemicals, tankers, natural gas, defense (navigation), and a range of services (includi ...
... Starting in 1989, a wide range of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) were privatized in the early 1990s in Argentina. These included the main utilities (telecom, electricity, water, gas, air and rail transport), petrochemicals, tankers, natural gas, defense (navigation), and a range of services (includi ...
Chinese economic reform
The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.