DISTRIBUTIVE IMPACT OF PRIVATIZATION IN LATIN AMERICA
... Starting in 1989, a wide range of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) were privatized in the early 1990s in Argentina. These included the main utilities (telecom, electricity, water, gas, air and rail transport), petrochemicals, tankers, natural gas, defense (navigation), and a range of services (includi ...
... Starting in 1989, a wide range of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) were privatized in the early 1990s in Argentina. These included the main utilities (telecom, electricity, water, gas, air and rail transport), petrochemicals, tankers, natural gas, defense (navigation), and a range of services (includi ...
The Analysis of the China National Logistics Costs Structure
... Logistics has been recognized as one of the major production services in China, because of its great impacts on the Chinese modern economic system. The costs occurred from production activities can be seen as the essential characteristics of logistics, and they have been drawing researchers’ attenti ...
... Logistics has been recognized as one of the major production services in China, because of its great impacts on the Chinese modern economic system. The costs occurred from production activities can be seen as the essential characteristics of logistics, and they have been drawing researchers’ attenti ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... persisted. By investigating five cases illustrating the way the center deals with local policy distortion, it argues that the central government is unwilling, unable and ineffective to sanction policy distortion because of the innate conflict between the indirect management tool the center uses and ...
... persisted. By investigating five cases illustrating the way the center deals with local policy distortion, it argues that the central government is unwilling, unable and ineffective to sanction policy distortion because of the innate conflict between the indirect management tool the center uses and ...
OA Prospects - OU Alumni
... Obama's refocusing of US foreign policy on Asia will be continued by his successor, whether Democrat or Republican, though closer trade and defence ties will have complicating knock-on effects for the region. China Election-year uncertainties portend a further deterioration of China-US relations thr ...
... Obama's refocusing of US foreign policy on Asia will be continued by his successor, whether Democrat or Republican, though closer trade and defence ties will have complicating knock-on effects for the region. China Election-year uncertainties portend a further deterioration of China-US relations thr ...
Agricultural Risk, Intermediate Inputs, and Cross
... I then quantify the impact of the model by comparing the stationary equilibria of a rich and a poor economy, which are calibrated to capture the relevant di↵erences between the richest and poorest countries in the world. The rich economy is calibrated to match key sectoral features of the United Sta ...
... I then quantify the impact of the model by comparing the stationary equilibria of a rich and a poor economy, which are calibrated to capture the relevant di↵erences between the richest and poorest countries in the world. The rich economy is calibrated to match key sectoral features of the United Sta ...
2014 - Venture Kamloops
... housing starts and non-residential construction activities such as new capital spending on infrastructure or upgrades. Other changes in public policy can also affect the level of demand for, as well as the composition of, goods and services produced. For a mid-sized city like Kamloops, its economic ...
... housing starts and non-residential construction activities such as new capital spending on infrastructure or upgrades. Other changes in public policy can also affect the level of demand for, as well as the composition of, goods and services produced. For a mid-sized city like Kamloops, its economic ...
SHADOW ECONOMY INDEX for the Baltic countries 2009 – 2012
... simplified and often unrealistic assumptions; and (iii) the methods are not very stable since changes in assumptions can cause significantly different results. The strength of these methods, however, is that they can be calculated with relatively little cost and time and thus applied to compare the ...
... simplified and often unrealistic assumptions; and (iii) the methods are not very stable since changes in assumptions can cause significantly different results. The strength of these methods, however, is that they can be calculated with relatively little cost and time and thus applied to compare the ...
Comment on “Identifying the Interdependence between US
... other. (14) Enterprises are in favour of privatization: expectation of efficiency gains. (15) Labour unions tend to oppose privatisations: employees of SOEs profit from safe jobs with well above-average working conditions and payment (Schwartz 2001). Privatisation revenues should be lower if union ...
... other. (14) Enterprises are in favour of privatization: expectation of efficiency gains. (15) Labour unions tend to oppose privatisations: employees of SOEs profit from safe jobs with well above-average working conditions and payment (Schwartz 2001). Privatisation revenues should be lower if union ...
The Challenges of Kazakhstan
... for the United States to diversify sources of oil for the global energy market. However, Kazakhstan is surrounded by two large countries – Russia and China which have their own self-interest in mind. Russia is providing different models of economic, military, and political integration. At the same t ...
... for the United States to diversify sources of oil for the global energy market. However, Kazakhstan is surrounded by two large countries – Russia and China which have their own self-interest in mind. Russia is providing different models of economic, military, and political integration. At the same t ...
UK BUSINESS CONFIDENCE MONITOR Q1 2009
... Confidence has fallen to record lows in almost all sectors of the UK economy this quarter. The Property and Construction sectors are the least confident as they face the ongoing effects of weak demand and falling prices in the residential and commercial property markets due to the collapse in bank l ...
... Confidence has fallen to record lows in almost all sectors of the UK economy this quarter. The Property and Construction sectors are the least confident as they face the ongoing effects of weak demand and falling prices in the residential and commercial property markets due to the collapse in bank l ...
Part B: Section 1 - Whangarei District Council
... industries are a notable omission from this list. This is because there are many different types of manufacturing industry, 15 in all. Wood product manufacturing is the largest contributor at 2.3%. Tourism has also been omitted, as it is not measured at the national level. However, its contribution ...
... industries are a notable omission from this list. This is because there are many different types of manufacturing industry, 15 in all. Wood product manufacturing is the largest contributor at 2.3%. Tourism has also been omitted, as it is not measured at the national level. However, its contribution ...
- SAS-Space - School of Advanced Study
... According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the flow of FDI comprises of three key components namely: equity investment, reinvested earnings and intra company loans between the foreign affiliate in the host country and the parent company. As previously mentioned the foremost distinction bet ...
... According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the flow of FDI comprises of three key components namely: equity investment, reinvested earnings and intra company loans between the foreign affiliate in the host country and the parent company. As previously mentioned the foremost distinction bet ...
Deflation: Determinants, Risks and Policy Options -- Findings
... Historically, deflation generally muted growth prospects, although it was mainly during the Great Depression that the most severe effects of deflation were felt. Risk Assessment 6. Based on the Index of Deflation Vulnerability, the risk of an onset of deflation in a number of economies is seen to be ...
... Historically, deflation generally muted growth prospects, although it was mainly during the Great Depression that the most severe effects of deflation were felt. Risk Assessment 6. Based on the Index of Deflation Vulnerability, the risk of an onset of deflation in a number of economies is seen to be ...
Chinese economic reform
The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.