the linkage between public and private investment
... leads to an increase in output growth and/or the productivity of private capital [e.g., Munnell, 1990; Khan and Reinhart, 1990; Barro, 1990; Easterly and Rebelo, 1993; Tatom, 1991, 1993; Evans and Karras, 1994a,b; Ramirez, 1998; Khan and Kumar, 1997]. The hypothesis has been tested either directly, ...
... leads to an increase in output growth and/or the productivity of private capital [e.g., Munnell, 1990; Khan and Reinhart, 1990; Barro, 1990; Easterly and Rebelo, 1993; Tatom, 1991, 1993; Evans and Karras, 1994a,b; Ramirez, 1998; Khan and Kumar, 1997]. The hypothesis has been tested either directly, ...
LCcarL173_en.pdf
... countries and regions alike. First, the increase in oil prices that started in 2003 continued and intensified during the year. Second, the slowdown or recession in the United States prompted by the burst of the real estate bubble - the subprime mortgage crisis and the credit crunch that started in S ...
... countries and regions alike. First, the increase in oil prices that started in 2003 continued and intensified during the year. Second, the slowdown or recession in the United States prompted by the burst of the real estate bubble - the subprime mortgage crisis and the credit crunch that started in S ...
Or is there reverse causality direction from
... allocation restricted resources for boosting national economy. Although, a few studies in Iran at firm level show the contribution of ICT on productivity (Gholami, Moshiri, & Lee, 2004 and Moshiri & Jahangard, 2007), contribution of ICT to economic growth emerges once there is a causal relationship ...
... allocation restricted resources for boosting national economy. Although, a few studies in Iran at firm level show the contribution of ICT on productivity (Gholami, Moshiri, & Lee, 2004 and Moshiri & Jahangard, 2007), contribution of ICT to economic growth emerges once there is a causal relationship ...
Chapter 20
... Expenditures Not in GDP Used Goods Expenditure on used goods is not part of GDP because these goods were part of GDP in the period in which they were produced and during which time they were new goods. Financial Assets ...
... Expenditures Not in GDP Used Goods Expenditure on used goods is not part of GDP because these goods were part of GDP in the period in which they were produced and during which time they were new goods. Financial Assets ...
DRAFT Do Worker Remittances Reduce Output Volatility in Developing Countries?
... Remittance inflows have increased considerably in recent years and are large relative to the size of many recipient economies. The theoretical and empirical effects of remittance inflows on output growth volatility are, however, ambiguous. On the one hand, remittances have been a remarkably stable s ...
... Remittance inflows have increased considerably in recent years and are large relative to the size of many recipient economies. The theoretical and empirical effects of remittance inflows on output growth volatility are, however, ambiguous. On the one hand, remittances have been a remarkably stable s ...
D F A H
... Therefore, our empirical findings do not support the democratization effect of foreign aid nor the development effect. Because of these findings we propose and analyze other forms of helping poor countries. For example, the way in which aid is disbursed can also affect the effectiveness of aid. Mayb ...
... Therefore, our empirical findings do not support the democratization effect of foreign aid nor the development effect. Because of these findings we propose and analyze other forms of helping poor countries. For example, the way in which aid is disbursed can also affect the effectiveness of aid. Mayb ...
Maximising Growth In A mining Boom
... If we do it right, not only mining benefits from rapid Asian growth, but agriculture, education, tourism and health can do so as well. Policy should focus on facilitating resources moving into expanding sectors to meet rising Asian demand. If we do not expand our mining capacity while export demand ...
... If we do it right, not only mining benefits from rapid Asian growth, but agriculture, education, tourism and health can do so as well. Policy should focus on facilitating resources moving into expanding sectors to meet rising Asian demand. If we do not expand our mining capacity while export demand ...
Vol. 19, No. 2, December 2012
... climate change. Notably, extreme weather is expected to boost investment as well. According to Lecocq and Shalizi (2007), GDP will be affected indirectly by variations in demand structure even though there is no direct effect of climate change on it. Climate change can result in resource scarcity, w ...
... climate change. Notably, extreme weather is expected to boost investment as well. According to Lecocq and Shalizi (2007), GDP will be affected indirectly by variations in demand structure even though there is no direct effect of climate change on it. Climate change can result in resource scarcity, w ...
SECTORAL OUTLOOK 2013-2015 CHAUDIÈRE
... 20% of regional employment, compared with 12.5% in Québec. The contraction of manufacturing activity since the early 2000s has directly impacted labour demands, and consequently, the number of people working in plants. Between 2002 and 2010, manufacturing has shed 14,000 jobs, representing a net los ...
... 20% of regional employment, compared with 12.5% in Québec. The contraction of manufacturing activity since the early 2000s has directly impacted labour demands, and consequently, the number of people working in plants. Between 2002 and 2010, manufacturing has shed 14,000 jobs, representing a net los ...
globalization and the competitiveness of enterprises
... legal institutions are necessary but not sufficient conditions to ensure a prosperous economy. Competitiveness is rooted in a nation’s microeconomic fundamentals—the sophistication of company operations and strategies and the quality of the microeconomic business environment in which companies compe ...
... legal institutions are necessary but not sufficient conditions to ensure a prosperous economy. Competitiveness is rooted in a nation’s microeconomic fundamentals—the sophistication of company operations and strategies and the quality of the microeconomic business environment in which companies compe ...
SUSTAINING RECOVERY AND DYNAMISM FOR INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT 2010
... Asia-Pacific developing countries to finance consumption and investment in rich countries such as the United States. This has happened largely because Asia and the Pacific lacks a well developed regional financial architecture that might have enabled the countries running current account surpluses t ...
... Asia-Pacific developing countries to finance consumption and investment in rich countries such as the United States. This has happened largely because Asia and the Pacific lacks a well developed regional financial architecture that might have enabled the countries running current account surpluses t ...
shanghai`s economic development
... GDP of the total tertiary sectors. It has become the largest among all the tertiary sectors. With economic structuring, the number of laborers employed in various economic sectors has also been changing since the early 1990s. Consistent with the industrial distribution of GDP, the number of laborers ...
... GDP of the total tertiary sectors. It has become the largest among all the tertiary sectors. With economic structuring, the number of laborers employed in various economic sectors has also been changing since the early 1990s. Consistent with the industrial distribution of GDP, the number of laborers ...
effects of government spending on economic
... spending can be financed by government borrowing or taxes. The expenditure is vital for the efficient running of the economy. The need for much of the government expenditure arises from the fact that some goods cannot be provided at all by a free market economy and that others may be under-provided. ...
... spending can be financed by government borrowing or taxes. The expenditure is vital for the efficient running of the economy. The need for much of the government expenditure arises from the fact that some goods cannot be provided at all by a free market economy and that others may be under-provided. ...
Structural reforms and macroeconomic performance in the euro area
... of competition-friendly structural reforms, aimed at increasing the economic efficiency and, as such, the maximum amount of output an economy can produce. This is true in particular for European and euro area countries, notoriously characterized by relatively low potential output and degree of compe ...
... of competition-friendly structural reforms, aimed at increasing the economic efficiency and, as such, the maximum amount of output an economy can produce. This is true in particular for European and euro area countries, notoriously characterized by relatively low potential output and degree of compe ...
Chinese economic reform
The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.