Global Economic Prospects January 2015
... 2015: Having Fiscal Space and Using It. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0444-1. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not crea ...
... 2015: Having Fiscal Space and Using It. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0444-1. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not crea ...
Free Full Text ( Final Version , 726kb )
... Indonesia as one of emerging and developing economies in Asia faces many internal problems such as poverty, unemployment, lack and unequal infrastructure among regions and corruption. Compared to other countries in South East Asia, Indonesia’s gross domestic product per capita at PPP is far below Ma ...
... Indonesia as one of emerging and developing economies in Asia faces many internal problems such as poverty, unemployment, lack and unequal infrastructure among regions and corruption. Compared to other countries in South East Asia, Indonesia’s gross domestic product per capita at PPP is far below Ma ...
Global Value Chain Participation and Recent Global Business Cycle
... country/industries embodied in the final products in a particular country/sector, the terms in equation (5) are sums of the same country/sector’s domestic value-added used in all downstream country/industries. Numerically, they only equal each other at country aggregate, not at the country/sector le ...
... country/industries embodied in the final products in a particular country/sector, the terms in equation (5) are sums of the same country/sector’s domestic value-added used in all downstream country/industries. Numerically, they only equal each other at country aggregate, not at the country/sector le ...
World Economic Outlook: Housing and the Business Cycle
... A number of assumptions have been adopted for the projections presented in the World Economic Outlook. It has been assumed (1) that real effective exchange rates will remain constant at their average levels during January 30–February 27, 2008, except for the currencies participating in the European ...
... A number of assumptions have been adopted for the projections presented in the World Economic Outlook. It has been assumed (1) that real effective exchange rates will remain constant at their average levels during January 30–February 27, 2008, except for the currencies participating in the European ...
Labour reallocation and productivity dynamics: financial causes, real
... the impact of credit booms on productivity growth. We first explore the impact of credit booms on the productivity components as the booms proceed. We then examine the impact of the various productivity components during pre-recession economic expansions on the subsequent path of productivity, depen ...
... the impact of credit booms on productivity growth. We first explore the impact of credit booms on the productivity components as the booms proceed. We then examine the impact of the various productivity components during pre-recession economic expansions on the subsequent path of productivity, depen ...
Europe and Central Asia Economic Update
... boom period cannot be replicated, is still incomplete. Pivotal upcoming elections and sustained geopolitical tensions further complicate the outlook for the region. Major changes in international specialization patterns also have implications for the region Global competition and technological chang ...
... boom period cannot be replicated, is still incomplete. Pivotal upcoming elections and sustained geopolitical tensions further complicate the outlook for the region. Major changes in international specialization patterns also have implications for the region Global competition and technological chang ...
4. The Business Environment in Mozambique
... incidence of absolute poverty from 69% in 1997 to less than 60% in 2005 and less than 50% in 2010. The PARPA envisions broad-based economic growth as the main engine for achieving this objective. With an annual growth rate of 8 % since 1994, Mozambique achieved the fastest rate of growth in Africa a ...
... incidence of absolute poverty from 69% in 1997 to less than 60% in 2005 and less than 50% in 2010. The PARPA envisions broad-based economic growth as the main engine for achieving this objective. With an annual growth rate of 8 % since 1994, Mozambique achieved the fastest rate of growth in Africa a ...
Scale effects in Schumpeterian models of economic growth
... An equation similar to (3) is the outcome of planning problems in all early Schumpeterian models and, even though market imperfections cause competitive equilibria to diverge from optimal plans, fully-speci®ed competitive equilibria also preserve the prediction that growth rates increase with econom ...
... An equation similar to (3) is the outcome of planning problems in all early Schumpeterian models and, even though market imperfections cause competitive equilibria to diverge from optimal plans, fully-speci®ed competitive equilibria also preserve the prediction that growth rates increase with econom ...
Determinants of FDI in Transition Economies: The Case of CIS
... economically advanced countries consists in levels of economic liberalization, less-developed market institutions, unstable economic and political situations and hence a high level of uncertainty, demonstrating a potential risk for business, which plays an important role in risk management for MNCs ...
... economically advanced countries consists in levels of economic liberalization, less-developed market institutions, unstable economic and political situations and hence a high level of uncertainty, demonstrating a potential risk for business, which plays an important role in risk management for MNCs ...
An Evaluation of the Competitiveness of the Productive and Non
... fiscal position and dimmed prospects for the future. However, the economy has rebounded slightly and exhibited moderate economic growth since 1999, based on an expansion in the agricultural and mining sectors, a more favorable atmosphere for business initiatives, a more realistic exchange rate, fair ...
... fiscal position and dimmed prospects for the future. However, the economy has rebounded slightly and exhibited moderate economic growth since 1999, based on an expansion in the agricultural and mining sectors, a more favorable atmosphere for business initiatives, a more realistic exchange rate, fair ...
Does high public debt consistently stifle economic growth? A critique
... integrate our discussion on ‘Growth in a Time of Debt’ into a broader survey of the literature on public indebtedness and GDP growth or other related topics. We do briefly consider some policy implications that follow from the results of our critical replication, in particular regarding austerity po ...
... integrate our discussion on ‘Growth in a Time of Debt’ into a broader survey of the literature on public indebtedness and GDP growth or other related topics. We do briefly consider some policy implications that follow from the results of our critical replication, in particular regarding austerity po ...
3. the profile of poverty in cape verde
... (v) the predominantly agricultural islands of Santo Antão and Fogo have the most poverty; (vi) unemployment affects the poor more than the non-poor; (vii) agriculture and fisheries workers are more likely to be poor than those in other sectors. Income inequality increased significantly during the pa ...
... (v) the predominantly agricultural islands of Santo Antão and Fogo have the most poverty; (vi) unemployment affects the poor more than the non-poor; (vii) agriculture and fisheries workers are more likely to be poor than those in other sectors. Income inequality increased significantly during the pa ...
Free Full Text ( Final Version , 817kb )
... list price (administratively determined) and market price (determined in country fair trade) is only partially influenced by monetary policy, which misled policy makers to make inappropriate decisions (Li Yunqi, 1989). As Li (1989) indicated, when policy makers “used the increase in retail prices to ...
... list price (administratively determined) and market price (determined in country fair trade) is only partially influenced by monetary policy, which misled policy makers to make inappropriate decisions (Li Yunqi, 1989). As Li (1989) indicated, when policy makers “used the increase in retail prices to ...
Missing Growth from Creative Destruction
... (creative destruction by entrants and incumbents, incumbent own innovation, expanding variety by entrants and incumbents). We then use our accounting framework to calculate missing growth. This second approach allows us to estimate the contribution of each of the different types of innovation to mis ...
... (creative destruction by entrants and incumbents, incumbent own innovation, expanding variety by entrants and incumbents). We then use our accounting framework to calculate missing growth. This second approach allows us to estimate the contribution of each of the different types of innovation to mis ...
Growth, Productivity, and the Wealth Of Nations
... is important for living standards. Long-term growth rates matter a lot because of compounding. This means that growth is based not only on original levels of income in a country, but also on the accumulation of previous years’ increases in income. © 2003 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. ...
... is important for living standards. Long-term growth rates matter a lot because of compounding. This means that growth is based not only on original levels of income in a country, but also on the accumulation of previous years’ increases in income. © 2003 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. ...
Chinese economic reform
The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.