UK BUSINESS CONFIDENCE MONITOR Q1 2009 Northern England Summary Report
... we have experienced recession; however, the globalised nature of business today combined with our recent reliance on the now fraught Financial Services sector as the driver of our economic prosperity gives previously unseen dimensions to the situation. Surviving the downturn in business requires car ...
... we have experienced recession; however, the globalised nature of business today combined with our recent reliance on the now fraught Financial Services sector as the driver of our economic prosperity gives previously unseen dimensions to the situation. Surviving the downturn in business requires car ...
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... obstacles that must be overcome. There is a new hopefulness about what is possible even though many challenges remain for this economy. Medium and long term strategies must be developed and ...
... obstacles that must be overcome. There is a new hopefulness about what is possible even though many challenges remain for this economy. Medium and long term strategies must be developed and ...
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... It is not always easy to measure inflationary trends accurately, especially since the prices of some goods can be volatile. Therefore policy makers often look at the trend of core inflation, which excludes energy and food prices. Alternative measures of inflation, such as the GDPdeflator, the consum ...
... It is not always easy to measure inflationary trends accurately, especially since the prices of some goods can be volatile. Therefore policy makers often look at the trend of core inflation, which excludes energy and food prices. Alternative measures of inflation, such as the GDPdeflator, the consum ...
Awareness of demand-side polices in the Great Depression and the
... distribution would not be favourable by policy makers if they focus on national happiness rather than just using ‘the blunt measurement of increasing GDP to assess the success of the country’. This might mean that policies which create incentives to work, such as reducing benefits and reducing highe ...
... distribution would not be favourable by policy makers if they focus on national happiness rather than just using ‘the blunt measurement of increasing GDP to assess the success of the country’. This might mean that policies which create incentives to work, such as reducing benefits and reducing highe ...
Decomposition of Aggregate Productivity Growth of the Malaysian Manufacturing Sector, 1983-2005
... note: estimation of output shares is based on the final output/final demand. The change in the overall TFP between 1987-91 and 91-2000 periods inclined from 13.3% to 23.6% per annum, or by 170.1 percentage points. The first component of the result shows a technical change effect (sub-sectoral TFP gr ...
... note: estimation of output shares is based on the final output/final demand. The change in the overall TFP between 1987-91 and 91-2000 periods inclined from 13.3% to 23.6% per annum, or by 170.1 percentage points. The first component of the result shows a technical change effect (sub-sectoral TFP gr ...
Is the Export-led Growth Hypothesis Valid for an Export
... (Daewoo and Samsung), a steel industry (POSCO), an auto industry (Hyundai) and recently electronics (Samsung) are some examples that ranked atop worldwide. In this regard, we pose another question: Were these industries growing fast with the help of the government’s export expansion policies or due ...
... (Daewoo and Samsung), a steel industry (POSCO), an auto industry (Hyundai) and recently electronics (Samsung) are some examples that ranked atop worldwide. In this regard, we pose another question: Were these industries growing fast with the help of the government’s export expansion policies or due ...
State Policies, Enterprise Dynamism, and Innovation System in Shanghai, China WEIPING WU
... significant role in fostering organizations to provide business assistance and establishing industry associations (Sommers and Carlson 2000). Research shows that localities in China have adopted markedly different methodologies for developing their technology and research capacity, given that they s ...
... significant role in fostering organizations to provide business assistance and establishing industry associations (Sommers and Carlson 2000). Research shows that localities in China have adopted markedly different methodologies for developing their technology and research capacity, given that they s ...
chapter summary
... 3. The idea that leakages must equal injections gives rise to the twin deficits idea. Make sure that the class recognizes that the equation (G NT) = (S – I) – (X – M) is an identity and therefore shows association rather than causality. 4. The increasing importance of the underground economy has m ...
... 3. The idea that leakages must equal injections gives rise to the twin deficits idea. Make sure that the class recognizes that the equation (G NT) = (S – I) – (X – M) is an identity and therefore shows association rather than causality. 4. The increasing importance of the underground economy has m ...
STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN
... the twentieth century, the only "peripheral" economy that has really made it to the top. In the developing world, there have also been some changes: the rise of the Southern Cone Latin American countries in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the broader rise of Latin America in the i ...
... the twentieth century, the only "peripheral" economy that has really made it to the top. In the developing world, there have also been some changes: the rise of the Southern Cone Latin American countries in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the broader rise of Latin America in the i ...
Cal Clark and Alexander Tan
... In Smith's day of the late 18th century, most producers were quite small, and most businesses required fairly little capital; so that problems of monopoly (control of a market by a single producer) or oligopoly (control of a market by a few producers) ...
... In Smith's day of the late 18th century, most producers were quite small, and most businesses required fairly little capital; so that problems of monopoly (control of a market by a single producer) or oligopoly (control of a market by a few producers) ...
Chapter 1 A Look Inside the Economic Growth Engine
... onset of the industrial revolution in the 19th century. frontier group fared since growth started to accelerate The United Kingdom – the frontier economy of the 19th in the 19th century? The short answer is that there has century – saw the share of the total population living in been “divergence, bi ...
... onset of the industrial revolution in the 19th century. frontier group fared since growth started to accelerate The United Kingdom – the frontier economy of the 19th in the 19th century? The short answer is that there has century – saw the share of the total population living in been “divergence, bi ...
Moderating Growth and Structural Change in the People`s Republic
... including a shrinking working-age population, the natural process of convergence and rising labor costs, and a structural shift toward consumption-led growth partly encouraged by government. It also reflects continued weakness in external demand and the working out of overcapacity in some sectors. • ...
... including a shrinking working-age population, the natural process of convergence and rising labor costs, and a structural shift toward consumption-led growth partly encouraged by government. It also reflects continued weakness in external demand and the working out of overcapacity in some sectors. • ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ESTIMATES, PROJECTIONS, AND COMPARISONS
... is the world’s largest producer and consumer of tobacco. Liu et al. (1998) note that cigarette smoking among Chinese men rose rapidly in the period 1952-1996 and has since stabilized. However, since there is a lag of several decades between the initiation of smoking and smokingrelated morbidity and ...
... is the world’s largest producer and consumer of tobacco. Liu et al. (1998) note that cigarette smoking among Chinese men rose rapidly in the period 1952-1996 and has since stabilized. However, since there is a lag of several decades between the initiation of smoking and smokingrelated morbidity and ...
Chinese economic reform
The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.