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... Pius_ch,t = value per unit of U.S. frozen chicken part i exports to CH/HK in period t, Pius,t = U.S. domestic wholesale price of chicken part i in period t, Pius_row,t = value per unit of U.S. frozen chicken part i exports to ROW in period t. We expect US exports of each part to China to be positive ...
... Pius_ch,t = value per unit of U.S. frozen chicken part i exports to CH/HK in period t, Pius,t = U.S. domestic wholesale price of chicken part i in period t, Pius_row,t = value per unit of U.S. frozen chicken part i exports to ROW in period t. We expect US exports of each part to China to be positive ...
Patterns of Growth and Stagnation in the Late Nineteenth Century Habsburg Economy'
... are reconstructed on the basis of estimates by Fellner (; for Austrian non-state regulated manufacturing, Hungarian manufacturing and handicrafts production), Gürtler (; for Hungarian agriculture), Katus (; for Hungarian construction, trade, transport and communications), Kausel (; f ...
... are reconstructed on the basis of estimates by Fellner (; for Austrian non-state regulated manufacturing, Hungarian manufacturing and handicrafts production), Gürtler (; for Hungarian agriculture), Katus (; for Hungarian construction, trade, transport and communications), Kausel (; f ...
St. Kitts-Nevis
... The fiscal performance of St. Kitts and Nevis has been characterised by extreme fluctuations in the fiscal account partly as a result of disruptions in the economy caused by hurricanes and partly caused by periodic generous wage settlements and transfers to public enterprises. During the period 1984 ...
... The fiscal performance of St. Kitts and Nevis has been characterised by extreme fluctuations in the fiscal account partly as a result of disruptions in the economy caused by hurricanes and partly caused by periodic generous wage settlements and transfers to public enterprises. During the period 1984 ...
Problem Session-2
... Would you rather live in a nation with a high level of GDP and a low growth rate, or in a nation with a low level and a high growth rate? • ANSWER: The level of a nation’s GDP measures both the total income earned in the economy and the total expenditure on the economy’s output of goods and services ...
... Would you rather live in a nation with a high level of GDP and a low growth rate, or in a nation with a low level and a high growth rate? • ANSWER: The level of a nation’s GDP measures both the total income earned in the economy and the total expenditure on the economy’s output of goods and services ...
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN
... Based on an aggregate production function that relates the total output of an economy to the aggregate amounts of labor, human and physical capital, and the level of technology, neoclassical growth theory predicts that poor countries will grow faster than rich countries. Under the assumption of dimi ...
... Based on an aggregate production function that relates the total output of an economy to the aggregate amounts of labor, human and physical capital, and the level of technology, neoclassical growth theory predicts that poor countries will grow faster than rich countries. Under the assumption of dimi ...
Exemplar for Internal Assessment Resource Economics
... Sustainable Development: Sustainable development requires that actions taken at the present do not inhibit prospects of future generations to enjoy the level of consumption, wealth, utility or welfare compared to those enjoyed by the present population. Significant Economic Growth: Significant econo ...
... Sustainable Development: Sustainable development requires that actions taken at the present do not inhibit prospects of future generations to enjoy the level of consumption, wealth, utility or welfare compared to those enjoyed by the present population. Significant Economic Growth: Significant econo ...
Best linear unbiased disaggregation of annual GDP to
... broad categories above. This can be accomplished by interpolating sectoral shares of GDP by a univariate method and then multiplying the share estimates by the interpolated quarterly GDP ®gures. This approach is eectively a combination of univariate and related-series methods, the related series be ...
... broad categories above. This can be accomplished by interpolating sectoral shares of GDP by a univariate method and then multiplying the share estimates by the interpolated quarterly GDP ®gures. This approach is eectively a combination of univariate and related-series methods, the related series be ...
Chained-Dollar Indexes Issues, Tips on Their Use, and Upcoming Changes
... chained-dollar levels to reflect both the current-period weights and periodto-period percent changes that are consistent with the chain index. As a result, BEA adopted chained-dollar levels that offer approximate additivity and that produce percent changes consistent with the chain index. 3. The cur ...
... chained-dollar levels to reflect both the current-period weights and periodto-period percent changes that are consistent with the chain index. As a result, BEA adopted chained-dollar levels that offer approximate additivity and that produce percent changes consistent with the chain index. 3. The cur ...
Patterns of growth and stagnation in the late nineteenth century
... are reconstructed on the basis of estimates by Fellner (; for Austrian non-state regulated manufacturing, Hungarian manufacturing and handicrafts production), Gürtler (; for Hungarian agriculture), Katus (; for Hungarian construction, trade, transport and communications), Kausel (; f ...
... are reconstructed on the basis of estimates by Fellner (; for Austrian non-state regulated manufacturing, Hungarian manufacturing and handicrafts production), Gürtler (; for Hungarian agriculture), Katus (; for Hungarian construction, trade, transport and communications), Kausel (; f ...
T L P R
... property seizures, at least in the case of Zimbabwe. The underlying reasons for this economic growth are buttressed by other studies. For example, preliminary evidence in Peru suggests that the nationwide effort to secure urban land titles has increased the number of household labor hours worked by ...
... property seizures, at least in the case of Zimbabwe. The underlying reasons for this economic growth are buttressed by other studies. For example, preliminary evidence in Peru suggests that the nationwide effort to secure urban land titles has increased the number of household labor hours worked by ...
Politics of Banking Reform and Development in the Post
... separates transition economies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia one from another, as emphasised by Berglöf and Bolton (2002). Many transition economies countries have crossed the divide and embarked on the path of sustained growth, much as the industrialised countries of Western Europe, North Amer ...
... separates transition economies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia one from another, as emphasised by Berglöf and Bolton (2002). Many transition economies countries have crossed the divide and embarked on the path of sustained growth, much as the industrialised countries of Western Europe, North Amer ...
Impact of Remittances on Growth
... Ct a0 a1W _ Put 1 a2W _ Prt 1 a3TR _ rust 1 a4TR _ rust a5TR _ usat 1 a6TR _ usat u1t Gt b0 b1Yt 1 b2 IM t 1 u2t I t c0 c1 int_ ratet c2W _ Put 1 c3W _ Prt 1 c4TR _ rust 1 c5TR _ rust c6TR _ usat 1 c7TR _ usat u3t EX t d 0 d1ex _ ratet 1 ...
... Ct a0 a1W _ Put 1 a2W _ Prt 1 a3TR _ rust 1 a4TR _ rust a5TR _ usat 1 a6TR _ usat u1t Gt b0 b1Yt 1 b2 IM t 1 u2t I t c0 c1 int_ ratet c2W _ Put 1 c3W _ Prt 1 c4TR _ rust 1 c5TR _ rust c6TR _ usat 1 c7TR _ usat u3t EX t d 0 d1ex _ ratet 1 ...
The `Great Divide` and the Political Economy
... separates transition economies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia one from another, as emphasised by Berglöf and Bolton (2002). Many transition economies countries have crossed the divide and embarked on the path of sustained growth, much as the industrialised countries of Western Europe, North Amer ...
... separates transition economies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia one from another, as emphasised by Berglöf and Bolton (2002). Many transition economies countries have crossed the divide and embarked on the path of sustained growth, much as the industrialised countries of Western Europe, North Amer ...
... Apart from the supposedly unique (or at least highly unusual) initial conditions of South Korea and Taiwan, the issue which has attracted most attention is the role that government has assumed in promoting the growth process in these two economies. It is argued that while public expenditure has been ...
The Impact of Local Government Expenditure Efficiency on
... sectors (education, infrastructure, and health). The districts/cities could be said efficient when the value (the efficiencies score) closed to one (1). It’s means the result of input and output ratio of budget must found one (1). If the value found more than one (1), so no more efficient those publ ...
... sectors (education, infrastructure, and health). The districts/cities could be said efficient when the value (the efficiencies score) closed to one (1). It’s means the result of input and output ratio of budget must found one (1). If the value found more than one (1), so no more efficient those publ ...
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... There are also some alternative views that civil wars may lead to a ‘creative destruction’ of the traditional economic, social and political system, which eventually leads to higher rapid growth in the long run. Post-civil war developments are often characterised by multiple transition processes – t ...
... There are also some alternative views that civil wars may lead to a ‘creative destruction’ of the traditional economic, social and political system, which eventually leads to higher rapid growth in the long run. Post-civil war developments are often characterised by multiple transition processes – t ...
Alert Mechanism Report 2015
... area, or of the EU as a whole, and to spur the right policy responses. The implementation of the MIP is embedded in the 'European Semester' of economic policy coordination so as to ensure consistency with the analyses and recommendations made under other economic surveillance tools. The Annual Growt ...
... area, or of the EU as a whole, and to spur the right policy responses. The implementation of the MIP is embedded in the 'European Semester' of economic policy coordination so as to ensure consistency with the analyses and recommendations made under other economic surveillance tools. The Annual Growt ...
Exploring the impacts of trade liberalization in Asia and the Pacific Introduction
... perform particularly strongly in terms of real GDP gains with full removal of intraregional tariffs. The more moderate 25 per cent tariff reduction naturally leads to smaller real output gains. Also considered is liberalization without including agriculture, broadly following the WTO non-agriculture ...
... perform particularly strongly in terms of real GDP gains with full removal of intraregional tariffs. The more moderate 25 per cent tariff reduction naturally leads to smaller real output gains. Also considered is liberalization without including agriculture, broadly following the WTO non-agriculture ...
Chinese economic reform
The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.