The 1990s Acceleration in Labor Productivity: Causes and Measurement
... During the 1990s, the BEA greatly expanded and improved its industry database, partly in response to controversy regarding productivity growth. The BEA added gross output (shipments) by industry in 1996 (Yuskavage, 1996). Gross output is more desirable for productivity studies than gross product ori ...
... During the 1990s, the BEA greatly expanded and improved its industry database, partly in response to controversy regarding productivity growth. The BEA added gross output (shipments) by industry in 1996 (Yuskavage, 1996). Gross output is more desirable for productivity studies than gross product ori ...
Testing the Bhaduri-Marglin model with OECD panel data
... (2011), Onaran and Galanis (2012), Hartwig (2013), and Kinsella (2013). It should be noted, however, that wage-led demand regimes have been found for small open economies also by some studies as well as profit-led regimes for large economies. None of these papers is a panel-econometric study. This i ...
... (2011), Onaran and Galanis (2012), Hartwig (2013), and Kinsella (2013). It should be noted, however, that wage-led demand regimes have been found for small open economies also by some studies as well as profit-led regimes for large economies. None of these papers is a panel-econometric study. This i ...
The Analysis of International Low Carbon City (ILCC) in Shenzhen
... Along with the deepening market reforms and vigorous promotion of industrialization after Deng Xiaoping’s “southern tour” to Shenzhen in early 1990s, numerous kaifaqu was initiated by rural governments at the county, township, and village level (Hsing, 2012). The initial aim is to accommodate the so ...
... Along with the deepening market reforms and vigorous promotion of industrialization after Deng Xiaoping’s “southern tour” to Shenzhen in early 1990s, numerous kaifaqu was initiated by rural governments at the county, township, and village level (Hsing, 2012). The initial aim is to accommodate the so ...
Macroeconomics Chamberlin and Yueh
... promoting high and stable economic growth. High growth over the long run produces sustained improvements in material living standards. Use with Macroeconomics by Graeme Chamberlin and Linda Yueh ISBN 1-84480-042-1 © 2006 Cengage Learning ...
... promoting high and stable economic growth. High growth over the long run produces sustained improvements in material living standards. Use with Macroeconomics by Graeme Chamberlin and Linda Yueh ISBN 1-84480-042-1 © 2006 Cengage Learning ...
320KB - Treasury.gov.au
... Global economic conditions are weak and uneven and financial markets remain fragile. As expected, the euro area appears to have entered recession and growth in the export-dependent emerging economies has slowed in line with weaker advanced economy demand. Despite this, China appears to be on track f ...
... Global economic conditions are weak and uneven and financial markets remain fragile. As expected, the euro area appears to have entered recession and growth in the export-dependent emerging economies has slowed in line with weaker advanced economy demand. Despite this, China appears to be on track f ...
Asymmetric Granger Causality between Military Expenditures and
... process: an increase in military expenditure tends in various ways (such as the demand and supply, and security effects) to impact economic growth. Meanwhile, economic growth encourages further demand for defense to assure the capitalist development. The neutrality hypothesis on the relationship bet ...
... process: an increase in military expenditure tends in various ways (such as the demand and supply, and security effects) to impact economic growth. Meanwhile, economic growth encourages further demand for defense to assure the capitalist development. The neutrality hypothesis on the relationship bet ...
The Republic of Korea`s Economic Growth and Catch-Up
... The Republic of Korea has had a remarkable economic performance since the early 1960s, achieving per capita income of $27,000 to become the world’s eighth-largest trading nation. 1 However, the economy’s recent growth performance has been rather disappointing. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth ave ...
... The Republic of Korea has had a remarkable economic performance since the early 1960s, achieving per capita income of $27,000 to become the world’s eighth-largest trading nation. 1 However, the economy’s recent growth performance has been rather disappointing. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth ave ...
Mankiw 5e Chapter 2 completed
... The consumer price index (CPI) A. measures the price of a fixed basket of goods and services. B. measures the price of a basket of goods and services that constantly changes as the composition of consumer spending changes. C. measures the amount of money that it takes to produce a fixed level of uti ...
... The consumer price index (CPI) A. measures the price of a fixed basket of goods and services. B. measures the price of a basket of goods and services that constantly changes as the composition of consumer spending changes. C. measures the amount of money that it takes to produce a fixed level of uti ...
monthly and quarterly gdp estimates for interwar britain
... adjusted, so that the monthly totals sum to the estimates of annual GDP, making the monthly estimates consistent with the annual national accounts. On a technical level, an additional advantage of the method set out in the Appendix is that it provides an exact solution to the problem that when model ...
... adjusted, so that the monthly totals sum to the estimates of annual GDP, making the monthly estimates consistent with the annual national accounts. On a technical level, an additional advantage of the method set out in the Appendix is that it provides an exact solution to the problem that when model ...
Wage-led growth: Concept, theories and policies pdf
... Decent work concerns both the quantity and quality of employment, and indeed, the conditions of work and employment have great impacts on workers’ well-being and enterprise performance. In recent years, conditions of work and employment have changed significantly in many countries, both advanced and ...
... Decent work concerns both the quantity and quality of employment, and indeed, the conditions of work and employment have great impacts on workers’ well-being and enterprise performance. In recent years, conditions of work and employment have changed significantly in many countries, both advanced and ...
Agricultural Productivity and Growth in Turkey
... The theme of the 2011 Merih Celasun Award was “Turkey’s growth problems”. Turkey needs a well-designed growth strategy in order to become one of the top ten economies of the world with a per capita GDP of $25,000 by 2023. It is important to ensure stable and rapid growth while reducing vulnerability ...
... The theme of the 2011 Merih Celasun Award was “Turkey’s growth problems”. Turkey needs a well-designed growth strategy in order to become one of the top ten economies of the world with a per capita GDP of $25,000 by 2023. It is important to ensure stable and rapid growth while reducing vulnerability ...
Productivity and Growth in an Unstable Emerging Market Economy
... exercises and growth regressions to shed light on the determinants of growth in both developing and industrialized countries. Despite this intensive worldwide research, only few studies have conducted growth accounting exercises for the Turkish economy (e.g. Saygili et al., 2005 and Togan 1998, 2003 ...
... exercises and growth regressions to shed light on the determinants of growth in both developing and industrialized countries. Despite this intensive worldwide research, only few studies have conducted growth accounting exercises for the Turkish economy (e.g. Saygili et al., 2005 and Togan 1998, 2003 ...
Chinese economic reform
The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.