HKUMacroch02_5e
... The GDP deflator measures the average price of output, while the consumer price index, or CPI, measures the average price of consumption, or equivalently, the cost of living. The CPI gives the cost in dollars of a specific list of goods and services over time, which attempts to represent the consump ...
... The GDP deflator measures the average price of output, while the consumer price index, or CPI, measures the average price of consumption, or equivalently, the cost of living. The CPI gives the cost in dollars of a specific list of goods and services over time, which attempts to represent the consump ...
Zambia - CUTS International
... Real GDP growth, which averaged 0.5 percent per year between 1990 and 2000 and proxy measures of inflation indicate an average inflation rate of 54 percent per year in the same period6. At the same time stabilisation has remained elusive. There is emerging consensus among observers of Zambia that th ...
... Real GDP growth, which averaged 0.5 percent per year between 1990 and 2000 and proxy measures of inflation indicate an average inflation rate of 54 percent per year in the same period6. At the same time stabilisation has remained elusive. There is emerging consensus among observers of Zambia that th ...
Global outlook - the United Nations
... countries has further supported the recovery. By late 2010, developing country trade and industrial output had climbed to above pre-crisis levels. It is uncertain, however, whether the developing countries and economies in transition can sustain the same robust pace of growth in 2011 and beyond. Des ...
... countries has further supported the recovery. By late 2010, developing country trade and industrial output had climbed to above pre-crisis levels. It is uncertain, however, whether the developing countries and economies in transition can sustain the same robust pace of growth in 2011 and beyond. Des ...
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... Advancement of enforcement of the new Labour law (0.2% of GDP); Increase in pensions (0.8% of GDP). ...
... Advancement of enforcement of the new Labour law (0.2% of GDP); Increase in pensions (0.8% of GDP). ...
Estimating Quarterly Indicators of Economic Activity for the States of
... government’s spending on personal emoluments and transfers and subsidies surged between 2000 and 2014, pushing its contribution to 12%. On the other hand, the advent of the global financial crisis prompted cuts in public sector capital expenditure, dragging construction’s contribution to output from ...
... government’s spending on personal emoluments and transfers and subsidies surged between 2000 and 2014, pushing its contribution to 12%. On the other hand, the advent of the global financial crisis prompted cuts in public sector capital expenditure, dragging construction’s contribution to output from ...
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
... know about which has concerned with the chief share, used a data from 1991-92 to 2011-2012 (postliberalization period). This paper also discusses the various problems about the foreign direct investment and suggests the some recommendations for the same. In this study found that, Indian economy is m ...
... know about which has concerned with the chief share, used a data from 1991-92 to 2011-2012 (postliberalization period). This paper also discusses the various problems about the foreign direct investment and suggests the some recommendations for the same. In this study found that, Indian economy is m ...
IMF Conditionality, Partisanship and Special Interests: Determinants
... decades. This is especially evident in crisis episodes such as the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997, the South American economic crisis of 2002, and Global Financial Crisis of 2008. Accordingly, this trend of increasingly democratic borrowers raises the question of the compatibility between democratic ...
... decades. This is especially evident in crisis episodes such as the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997, the South American economic crisis of 2002, and Global Financial Crisis of 2008. Accordingly, this trend of increasingly democratic borrowers raises the question of the compatibility between democratic ...
Financial development, real sector output, and economic growth
... (ii) Research and development expenditures (R&D) to GDP. Research and development expenditure is a common proxy for technological progress, which in turn is associated with productivity growth in the economy and can be considered as an alternative measure of real sector development assuming that it ...
... (ii) Research and development expenditures (R&D) to GDP. Research and development expenditure is a common proxy for technological progress, which in turn is associated with productivity growth in the economy and can be considered as an alternative measure of real sector development assuming that it ...
- TestbankU
... 3. Nominal GDP can rise because either the price level is rising or the real quantity of goods and services produced has increased. Nominal GDP can increase while real GDP falls if the increase in the aggregate price level is larger (in a proportionate sense) than the drop in real economic activity. ...
... 3. Nominal GDP can rise because either the price level is rising or the real quantity of goods and services produced has increased. Nominal GDP can increase while real GDP falls if the increase in the aggregate price level is larger (in a proportionate sense) than the drop in real economic activity. ...
Central Asia Macroeconomic Overview, 21 February
... In 2017, Turkmenneftegazstroy would finish the construction of the domestic 150 km. East-West gas pipeline. Building of the regional Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) natural gas pipeline project is an example of implementation of the state initiative. ADB facilitated the expansion of e ...
... In 2017, Turkmenneftegazstroy would finish the construction of the domestic 150 km. East-West gas pipeline. Building of the regional Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) natural gas pipeline project is an example of implementation of the state initiative. ADB facilitated the expansion of e ...
The happiness–income paradox revisited
... for a group of developed countries (25), and microlevel evidence consistently shows that unemployment has one of the most negative impacts on happiness (4, 8, 10). Before proceeding to further discussion of S-W, we expand here this finding of the short-term relationship to the developing and transiti ...
... for a group of developed countries (25), and microlevel evidence consistently shows that unemployment has one of the most negative impacts on happiness (4, 8, 10). Before proceeding to further discussion of S-W, we expand here this finding of the short-term relationship to the developing and transiti ...
View/Open
... exception of the United States, which might be an indication of international increasing returns to scale. Ghartey (1993) tested the causal relationship between exports and economic growth for Taiwan, the United States, and Japan from 1960 to 1990. He selected the optimal lag for the VAR model emplo ...
... exception of the United States, which might be an indication of international increasing returns to scale. Ghartey (1993) tested the causal relationship between exports and economic growth for Taiwan, the United States, and Japan from 1960 to 1990. He selected the optimal lag for the VAR model emplo ...
An Alternative Framework for Sectoral Contributions to GDP
... deflator to the aggregate GDP deflator–to convert sectoral real GDP to homogeneous units using the economy’s GDP as “numeraire” in an alternative framework for GDP level aggregation and growth decomposition. This alternative and the “traditional” framework–without relative price weights–are compared ...
... deflator to the aggregate GDP deflator–to convert sectoral real GDP to homogeneous units using the economy’s GDP as “numeraire” in an alternative framework for GDP level aggregation and growth decomposition. This alternative and the “traditional” framework–without relative price weights–are compared ...
working papers
... The goal of this paper is to find evidence why growth performance of countries differed in the Recent Crisis. There are abundant hypotheses about the causes of the Recent Crisis (Aiginger, 2009, 2010B). Maybe they could be clustered into a first group emphasizing overleveraging of firms, banks and g ...
... The goal of this paper is to find evidence why growth performance of countries differed in the Recent Crisis. There are abundant hypotheses about the causes of the Recent Crisis (Aiginger, 2009, 2010B). Maybe they could be clustered into a first group emphasizing overleveraging of firms, banks and g ...
Economic outlook for 2014–2016 Governor Erkki
... • Unit labour costs must rise more slowly than in trading partners for several years ahead • Fostering arrangements at company level – Employees may secure their jobs and employers the profitability of their output when conditions get tougher ...
... • Unit labour costs must rise more slowly than in trading partners for several years ahead • Fostering arrangements at company level – Employees may secure their jobs and employers the profitability of their output when conditions get tougher ...
Bahrain Economic Quarterly
... has further committed to keeping the Renminbi “basically stable.” There are some signs that the policy may be working. On the one hand, industrial production in China grew at an annual 5.4% in January-February, the slowest rate since early 2002. However, investment growth reached 10.2%, up from 8.9% ...
... has further committed to keeping the Renminbi “basically stable.” There are some signs that the policy may be working. On the one hand, industrial production in China grew at an annual 5.4% in January-February, the slowest rate since early 2002. However, investment growth reached 10.2%, up from 8.9% ...
Subnational Reforms and Public Policy Issues in Punjab Upinder Sawhney
... for India and Punjab for the same year. The situation remained the same in 1991-92 as well when the primary sector in the country grew at a negative rate; its growth rate was 5.85 percent in Punjab. But in 2005-06 the situation reversed and the All-India rates of growth of the primary, secondary and ...
... for India and Punjab for the same year. The situation remained the same in 1991-92 as well when the primary sector in the country grew at a negative rate; its growth rate was 5.85 percent in Punjab. But in 2005-06 the situation reversed and the All-India rates of growth of the primary, secondary and ...
Chinese economic reform
The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.