Long-Run Growth
... Growth comes from a bigger workforce and more productive workers. Higher productivity comes from tools (capital), a better-educated and more highly skilled workforce (human capital), and increasingly from innovation and technical change (new techniques of production) and newly developed products and ...
... Growth comes from a bigger workforce and more productive workers. Higher productivity comes from tools (capital), a better-educated and more highly skilled workforce (human capital), and increasingly from innovation and technical change (new techniques of production) and newly developed products and ...
Economic Developments in 2009
... plans, ranging from 1% to 12% of GDP, were unveiled to bolster domestic demand through a combination of tax rebates, direct cash handouts and infrastructure spending. In some countries, tax incentives were also given to firms to retain their workers. These policy measures had an important role in res ...
... plans, ranging from 1% to 12% of GDP, were unveiled to bolster domestic demand through a combination of tax rebates, direct cash handouts and infrastructure spending. In some countries, tax incentives were also given to firms to retain their workers. These policy measures had an important role in res ...
Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic: Longer
... The parameters of equations underlying the growth rate projections tend to be derived econometrically from large heterogeneous panels, with data on the past performance of many countries largely unrelated to Central and Eastern Europe (and to Europe generally). In a recent study by Wagner and Hlousk ...
... The parameters of equations underlying the growth rate projections tend to be derived econometrically from large heterogeneous panels, with data on the past performance of many countries largely unrelated to Central and Eastern Europe (and to Europe generally). In a recent study by Wagner and Hlousk ...
PDF
... sector. Agricultural activities in the Sub-Saharan Africa like Nigeria are still characterized by extensive use of traditional tools and implements; while the industrials sector is faced with uncertainties mostly due to low and poor technologies. Government of Nigeria over the years has prioritized ...
... sector. Agricultural activities in the Sub-Saharan Africa like Nigeria are still characterized by extensive use of traditional tools and implements; while the industrials sector is faced with uncertainties mostly due to low and poor technologies. Government of Nigeria over the years has prioritized ...
Demand from China: Fact or Fiction?
... how standards of living increase. This is what constitutes true economic growth. Despite increased productivity and production that should drive prices lower, we observe prices rising each year. That’s because the government separately but simultaneously prints additional money and adds it to the ec ...
... how standards of living increase. This is what constitutes true economic growth. Despite increased productivity and production that should drive prices lower, we observe prices rising each year. That’s because the government separately but simultaneously prints additional money and adds it to the ec ...
Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries
... tends to be inversely related to its starting level of income per person. In particular, if countries are similar with respect to structural parameters for preferences and technology, then poor countries tend to grow faster than rich countries. Thus, there is a force that promotes convergence in lev ...
... tends to be inversely related to its starting level of income per person. In particular, if countries are similar with respect to structural parameters for preferences and technology, then poor countries tend to grow faster than rich countries. Thus, there is a force that promotes convergence in lev ...
PDF
... The first component (a) of the right-hand side of both equations (4) and (5) is clearly a measure of the contribution of agriculture to the growth of countrywide product per worker; while the second component (b) is clearly a measure of the contribution of the non-A sector. But what about the third ...
... The first component (a) of the right-hand side of both equations (4) and (5) is clearly a measure of the contribution of agriculture to the growth of countrywide product per worker; while the second component (b) is clearly a measure of the contribution of the non-A sector. But what about the third ...
trinidad and tobago national report on technical and vocational
... petrochemicals increased particularly fast. Merchandise imports also increased rapidly during the period under review, expanding by 78% between 1999 and 2004. The capital-intensive nature of the hydrocarbons sector triggers strong imports of capital goods when there is an investment boom in the sect ...
... petrochemicals increased particularly fast. Merchandise imports also increased rapidly during the period under review, expanding by 78% between 1999 and 2004. The capital-intensive nature of the hydrocarbons sector triggers strong imports of capital goods when there is an investment boom in the sect ...
Explaining Japan`s Unproductive Two Decades
... notably and has remained at a relatively low level for more than 20 years. This decline, which has been well documented in many studies, 1 must have reduced the rate of return on capital and exacerbated economic stagnation. Since Japan’s working age population will continue to shrink rapidly and the ...
... notably and has remained at a relatively low level for more than 20 years. This decline, which has been well documented in many studies, 1 must have reduced the rate of return on capital and exacerbated economic stagnation. Since Japan’s working age population will continue to shrink rapidly and the ...
“Shifting Phases of Decentralization and the Politics of Bureaucratic
... email address noted above. ...
... email address noted above. ...
Chapter 4
... A leader among the transition countries Transition made in three stages 1991 – Decree issued by Ministry of Finance establishing rules for transition to market economy 1994 – “True and fair view” adopted 2002 – Standards more in line with IFRS Became EU member in 2004 – harmonize with other EU ...
... A leader among the transition countries Transition made in three stages 1991 – Decree issued by Ministry of Finance establishing rules for transition to market economy 1994 – “True and fair view” adopted 2002 – Standards more in line with IFRS Became EU member in 2004 – harmonize with other EU ...
View/Open
... political support within Zambia and was revoked in 1986. In response to a sudden economic downturn, the government in 1989 resumed negotiations with these two international institutions, leading to the elaboration of a new SAP in 1990. Structural Adjustment and Economic Performance in the 1990s Give ...
... political support within Zambia and was revoked in 1986. In response to a sudden economic downturn, the government in 1989 resumed negotiations with these two international institutions, leading to the elaboration of a new SAP in 1990. Structural Adjustment and Economic Performance in the 1990s Give ...
Why Growth Is Getting Harder Executive Summary by Brink Lindsey No. 737
... physical capital has been steadily slipping for decades, dragged down by a falling savings rate. And total factor productivity growth, after collapsing in the 1970s, revived for a decade beginning in the mid-1990s but has slumped again since then. The simultaneous weakening of all the components of ...
... physical capital has been steadily slipping for decades, dragged down by a falling savings rate. And total factor productivity growth, after collapsing in the 1970s, revived for a decade beginning in the mid-1990s but has slumped again since then. The simultaneous weakening of all the components of ...
Chinese economic reform
The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.