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SHADOW ECONOMIES_forthcoming_ITax
... supervision, as well as perceptions of the burdens imposed by excessive regulation in areas, such as foreign trade and business development. It scores between -2.5 and +2.5 with higher scores corresponding to better outcomes (negative sign expected). 2.1.3 Public sector services An increase of the s ...
... supervision, as well as perceptions of the burdens imposed by excessive regulation in areas, such as foreign trade and business development. It scores between -2.5 and +2.5 with higher scores corresponding to better outcomes (negative sign expected). 2.1.3 Public sector services An increase of the s ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Economic Research Volume Title: International Differences in Entrepreneurship
... population census, it had a population of around 16.7 million. Shanghai is an economic center of China. With a population of only 1.3 percent and a land area of 0.1 percent of the national totals, its GDP is about 5.4 percent of the national total and 6.9 percent of the total national industrial out ...
... population census, it had a population of around 16.7 million. Shanghai is an economic center of China. With a population of only 1.3 percent and a land area of 0.1 percent of the national totals, its GDP is about 5.4 percent of the national total and 6.9 percent of the total national industrial out ...
Slide 1
... Real GDP and the Price Level(#20b) Step 1: Value last year’s production and this year’s production at last year’s prices and then calculate the growth rate of this number from last year to this year. Step 2: Value last year’s production and this year’s production at this year’s prices and then calc ...
... Real GDP and the Price Level(#20b) Step 1: Value last year’s production and this year’s production at last year’s prices and then calculate the growth rate of this number from last year to this year. Step 2: Value last year’s production and this year’s production at this year’s prices and then calc ...
PDF
... 1. The first set of simulations regards a 1% increase in the overall price of exports and a 1% increase in the overall price of imports. In both cases it seems that the Basso Ferrarese is just slightly affected by changes in world prices and, hence, by possible change in the world demand for local p ...
... 1. The first set of simulations regards a 1% increase in the overall price of exports and a 1% increase in the overall price of imports. In both cases it seems that the Basso Ferrarese is just slightly affected by changes in world prices and, hence, by possible change in the world demand for local p ...
Empirical Evidence on Growth: A Closer Look on Cross
... growth; threshold effects; virtuous and vicious circles ...
... growth; threshold effects; virtuous and vicious circles ...
PDF
... addition to its impact on those who have a direct stake in food processing operations, the sector influences the welfare of producers of the raw inputs, retailers and consumers of the final products. The growth in food processing also influences the wider economy. The industry is an important part o ...
... addition to its impact on those who have a direct stake in food processing operations, the sector influences the welfare of producers of the raw inputs, retailers and consumers of the final products. The growth in food processing also influences the wider economy. The industry is an important part o ...
ESTIMATING THE UNDERGROUND ECONOMY IN TURKEY Fethi ÖĞÜNÇ (Statistician)
... approach needs only simple calculations and comparisons. Although ...
... approach needs only simple calculations and comparisons. Although ...
East Asian forests and forestry to 2020
... forestry sectors are becoming ever more closely linked as economic liberalization and regional integration accelerate. Since the first outlook study, it has become increasingly clear that a regional perspective is essential in negotiating a better position for forestry and the values with which it i ...
... forestry sectors are becoming ever more closely linked as economic liberalization and regional integration accelerate. Since the first outlook study, it has become increasingly clear that a regional perspective is essential in negotiating a better position for forestry and the values with which it i ...
Factors Impact Comparative Advantage in Regional Textile Industry
... The textile industry and other industries are also very closely linked. Take the tertiary industry for example, the retail, transport, finance, consulting, as well as the authorities, associations for social and public needs are essential supporting elements for the healthy development of the textil ...
... The textile industry and other industries are also very closely linked. Take the tertiary industry for example, the retail, transport, finance, consulting, as well as the authorities, associations for social and public needs are essential supporting elements for the healthy development of the textil ...
Does Annual Real Gross Domestic Product per Capita Overstate or
... Economists have suggested many alternative measures of human welfare, including life expectancy, infant mortality rate, caloric intake, access to safe water, adult literacy rate, school enrollment, the distribution of income, hospital beds per capita, and a long list of other similar measures of the ...
... Economists have suggested many alternative measures of human welfare, including life expectancy, infant mortality rate, caloric intake, access to safe water, adult literacy rate, school enrollment, the distribution of income, hospital beds per capita, and a long list of other similar measures of the ...
Empirical Analysis on the Relationship Between Logistics Industry
... national economic development and has been growing rapidly, which has presented new challenges on the development of China’s urban logistics and at the same time makes it an important part of the regional economy development. As a result, many domestic and international cities such as Tokyo, Hong Ko ...
... national economic development and has been growing rapidly, which has presented new challenges on the development of China’s urban logistics and at the same time makes it an important part of the regional economy development. As a result, many domestic and international cities such as Tokyo, Hong Ko ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CAPITAL DEEPENING AND NON-BALANCED ECONOMIC GROWTH Daron Acemoglu
... sector, constant interest rate and constant share of capital in national income. Other properties of the limiting equilibrium of this class of economies depend on whether the products of the two sectors are gross substitutes or complements (meaning whether the elasticity of substitution between thes ...
... sector, constant interest rate and constant share of capital in national income. Other properties of the limiting equilibrium of this class of economies depend on whether the products of the two sectors are gross substitutes or complements (meaning whether the elasticity of substitution between thes ...
PDF
... not credit of poverty reduction go to poverty alleviation program or to general economic growth? In fact, the rural economy and almost all of its sub-sectors have grown quite fast, although at different rates during different sub-periods (Table 2). During the pre-reform period, per capita income gro ...
... not credit of poverty reduction go to poverty alleviation program or to general economic growth? In fact, the rural economy and almost all of its sub-sectors have grown quite fast, although at different rates during different sub-periods (Table 2). During the pre-reform period, per capita income gro ...
Structural Breaks and Performance in Indian
... the mid-1960s (see, for example, Bhalla, 2007; Bhalla and Singh, 1997, 2001). It is argued that the adoption of new seed-fertiliser technology has ushered in an era of green revolution in Indian agriculture, as it has led to a marked increase in the growth rate of agricultural output in several part ...
... the mid-1960s (see, for example, Bhalla, 2007; Bhalla and Singh, 1997, 2001). It is argued that the adoption of new seed-fertiliser technology has ushered in an era of green revolution in Indian agriculture, as it has led to a marked increase in the growth rate of agricultural output in several part ...
68007034I_en.pdf
... assumption means that the accumulation of this factor will bring with a decline in its yield, thus discouraging real investment. In the long term, the latter will barely be sufficient to cover the depreciation of the existing capital stock and the provision of equipment for the new labour entering t ...
... assumption means that the accumulation of this factor will bring with a decline in its yield, thus discouraging real investment. In the long term, the latter will barely be sufficient to cover the depreciation of the existing capital stock and the provision of equipment for the new labour entering t ...
Chinese economic reform
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The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.