APE Unit 3
... the Great Depression. – Government didn’t understand how to fix a depressed economy with 25% unemployment. – Macro was created to: 1.Measure the health of the whole economy. 2.Guide government policies to fix problems. ...
... the Great Depression. – Government didn’t understand how to fix a depressed economy with 25% unemployment. – Macro was created to: 1.Measure the health of the whole economy. 2.Guide government policies to fix problems. ...
Abstract - Brad DeLong
... rate of measured total real GDP, if not its effect on Americans’ material welfare. The productivity slowdown meant that, according to official statistics, Americans in 1995 were only 70 percent as productive as their predecessors back in the early 1970s would have expected them to be. The productivi ...
... rate of measured total real GDP, if not its effect on Americans’ material welfare. The productivity slowdown meant that, according to official statistics, Americans in 1995 were only 70 percent as productive as their predecessors back in the early 1970s would have expected them to be. The productivi ...
S2003726_en.pdf
... A correct estimate of potential output is an important macroeconomic policy tool, which might reduce the volatility of the economy and output losses, and would therefore have positive effects on poverty reduction and would benefit investment and economic growth. Ideally, one of the important results ...
... A correct estimate of potential output is an important macroeconomic policy tool, which might reduce the volatility of the economy and output losses, and would therefore have positive effects on poverty reduction and would benefit investment and economic growth. Ideally, one of the important results ...
Document
... participation in vocational education and training is low and the system lacks employers' engagement in the education of students. The social situation has worsened during the crisis, although given the size of the shock that affected the economy, social indicators have withstood relatively well. ...
... participation in vocational education and training is low and the system lacks employers' engagement in the education of students. The social situation has worsened during the crisis, although given the size of the shock that affected the economy, social indicators have withstood relatively well. ...
The Impact of Defense Expenditures on Arab Industrial Development Looney, R.E.
... formation, should be one of the areas most receptive to this link between military expenditure, military participation, human capital formation and economic growth. However, in their study of the relationship between defence burdens and growth in the Middle East, Lebovic and Ishaq 20 found, in gener ...
... formation, should be one of the areas most receptive to this link between military expenditure, military participation, human capital formation and economic growth. However, in their study of the relationship between defence burdens and growth in the Middle East, Lebovic and Ishaq 20 found, in gener ...
Does the United States Have a Productivity Slowdown or a
... this has little immediate implication for productivity; because MPUs are not final products, they only affect GDP through net trade, which is roughly in balance for semiconductors. The “other” adjustments in Figure 1 include improved Internet quality (Section 3) and ecommerce (Section 4), which toge ...
... this has little immediate implication for productivity; because MPUs are not final products, they only affect GDP through net trade, which is roughly in balance for semiconductors. The “other” adjustments in Figure 1 include improved Internet quality (Section 3) and ecommerce (Section 4), which toge ...
Real Vs. Nominal GDP, Per Capita GDP, & the shortcoming of GDP
... spills, a large GDP is not a good indicator of how we’re doing • In general, the problem with using GDP as a measure of national economic well-being is that GDP is just one number, and no single number can possibly provide us with all of the information we need ...
... spills, a large GDP is not a good indicator of how we’re doing • In general, the problem with using GDP as a measure of national economic well-being is that GDP is just one number, and no single number can possibly provide us with all of the information we need ...
85079098I_en.pdf
... development of a territorial culture that integrates local enterprise systems and helps to reverse the deteriorating situation of the most backward territories. In other words, although it is the enterprises that actually compete, their competitiveness may be reinforced if the territorial environmen ...
... development of a territorial culture that integrates local enterprise systems and helps to reverse the deteriorating situation of the most backward territories. In other words, although it is the enterprises that actually compete, their competitiveness may be reinforced if the territorial environmen ...
Estimate of Potential Gross Domestic Product Using the Production
... supply that are determined by the level of technology and available inputs (European Central Bank, 2000). According to the definition of the OECD, for example, potential output means the level of production that is consistent with stable inflation over the medium term1. This concept of potential out ...
... supply that are determined by the level of technology and available inputs (European Central Bank, 2000). According to the definition of the OECD, for example, potential output means the level of production that is consistent with stable inflation over the medium term1. This concept of potential out ...
The Long View How will the global economic order change
... the short-term ups and downs of the economic and political cycle, which are indeed very difficult to forecast. Instead our approach in this report, based on a rigorous modelling approach, focuses on the fundamental drivers of growth: demographics and productivity, which in turn is driven by technolo ...
... the short-term ups and downs of the economic and political cycle, which are indeed very difficult to forecast. Instead our approach in this report, based on a rigorous modelling approach, focuses on the fundamental drivers of growth: demographics and productivity, which in turn is driven by technolo ...
The Long View How will the global economic order change by 2050?
... the short-term ups and downs of the economic and political cycle, which are indeed very difficult to forecast. Instead our approach in this report, based on a rigorous modelling approach, focuses on the fundamental drivers of growth: demographics and productivity, which in turn is driven by technolo ...
... the short-term ups and downs of the economic and political cycle, which are indeed very difficult to forecast. Instead our approach in this report, based on a rigorous modelling approach, focuses on the fundamental drivers of growth: demographics and productivity, which in turn is driven by technolo ...
Asia and Pacific Preparing for Choppy Seas
... Chapter 2 highlights the demographic challenges facing Asia—namely that parts of Asia risk “growing old before becoming rich.” The speed of aging is especially notable compared to the experience in Europe and the United States. For many countries in the region, on current trends, per capita income ( ...
... Chapter 2 highlights the demographic challenges facing Asia—namely that parts of Asia risk “growing old before becoming rich.” The speed of aging is especially notable compared to the experience in Europe and the United States. For many countries in the region, on current trends, per capita income ( ...
Asia Pacific Regional Economic Outlook, May 9, 2017
... Chapter 2 highlights the demographic challenges facing Asia—namely that parts of Asia risk “growing old before becoming rich.” The speed of aging is especially notable compared to the experience in Europe and the United States. For many countries in the region, on current trends, per capita income ( ...
... Chapter 2 highlights the demographic challenges facing Asia—namely that parts of Asia risk “growing old before becoming rich.” The speed of aging is especially notable compared to the experience in Europe and the United States. For many countries in the region, on current trends, per capita income ( ...
GDP-Employment Decoupling and the Productivity Puzzle in Germany
... focus on Germany as a useful subject to study the productivity puzzle. Germany is the largest European economy with the reputation of being a highly productive location due to a comparatively large and high quality industrial sector. Moreover, after decades of sclerosis, its labour market experience ...
... focus on Germany as a useful subject to study the productivity puzzle. Germany is the largest European economy with the reputation of being a highly productive location due to a comparatively large and high quality industrial sector. Moreover, after decades of sclerosis, its labour market experience ...
Ch 37 - gdp and gnp - The Good, the Bad and the Economist
... In assembling all the millions of figures comprising the national accounts, one tries to be as true to real output as possible. This can be tricky when dealing with the money values of goods since – as we shall see – price increases will distort (inflate) real output figures. We deduct stock appreci ...
... In assembling all the millions of figures comprising the national accounts, one tries to be as true to real output as possible. This can be tricky when dealing with the money values of goods since – as we shall see – price increases will distort (inflate) real output figures. We deduct stock appreci ...
Chinese economic reform
The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.