Chapter 8 (Nov 23-24)
... • All of an organisms chemical processes 2. What are the different types of metabolism? • Catabolism – releases energy by breaking down complex molecules • Anabolism – use energy to build up complex molecules • Catabolic rxns – hydrolysis – break bonds • Anabolic rxns – dehydration – form bonds 3. H ...
... • All of an organisms chemical processes 2. What are the different types of metabolism? • Catabolism – releases energy by breaking down complex molecules • Anabolism – use energy to build up complex molecules • Catabolic rxns – hydrolysis – break bonds • Anabolic rxns – dehydration – form bonds 3. H ...
LIPIDS - Biochemistry Notes
... metabolized for energy; in diabetes, the glucose is not available for glucolysis due to the shortage of insulin that prevents the glucose entry in the cell; thus, acetyl-CoA is used preferentially over glucose as an energy ...
... metabolized for energy; in diabetes, the glucose is not available for glucolysis due to the shortage of insulin that prevents the glucose entry in the cell; thus, acetyl-CoA is used preferentially over glucose as an energy ...
08_Lecture_Presentation_PC
... • Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate • Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to another part of an enzyme, causing the enzyme to change shape and making the active site less ...
... • Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate • Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to another part of an enzyme, causing the enzyme to change shape and making the active site less ...
Feb 24 exam all parts
... Which of the following properties is directly related to the concentration of 5'-AMP as an indicator of energy status ? A) 5'-AMP level is correlated with high [ATP] B) 5'-AMP level is correlated with [ADP] C) 5'-AMP level is controlled by external hormones D) 5'-AMP level is controlled by phosphofr ...
... Which of the following properties is directly related to the concentration of 5'-AMP as an indicator of energy status ? A) 5'-AMP level is correlated with high [ATP] B) 5'-AMP level is correlated with [ADP] C) 5'-AMP level is controlled by external hormones D) 5'-AMP level is controlled by phosphofr ...
topic 2 powerpoint
... energy within their bonds. • Cells break down (metabolize) these molecules in a series of enzyme catalyzed reactions called cellular respiration. • Each time a covalent bond is broken, a small amount of energy is released. • The goal is to trap/store this released energy as ATP. Glucose is the molec ...
... energy within their bonds. • Cells break down (metabolize) these molecules in a series of enzyme catalyzed reactions called cellular respiration. • Each time a covalent bond is broken, a small amount of energy is released. • The goal is to trap/store this released energy as ATP. Glucose is the molec ...
video slide - Ionia Public Schools
... acetyl CoA) • Fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation and yield acetyl CoA • An oxidized gram of fat produces more than twice as much ATP as an oxidized gram of ...
... acetyl CoA) • Fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation and yield acetyl CoA • An oxidized gram of fat produces more than twice as much ATP as an oxidized gram of ...
Slides - Websupport1
... • Glycolysis occur in the cytoplasm and it requires: • One molecule of glucose + 2 ATP + 4ADP + 2NAD + inorganic phosphate + cytoplasmic enzymes ...
... • Glycolysis occur in the cytoplasm and it requires: • One molecule of glucose + 2 ATP + 4ADP + 2NAD + inorganic phosphate + cytoplasmic enzymes ...
Ch 9 Cell Respiration HW Packet
... 2 ATP molecules are used at the start of glycolysis to get the process started. High-energy electrons are passed to the electron carrier NAD+, forming two molecules of NADH. 4 ATP are synthesized during glycolysis for a net gain of 2 ATP. The Krebs Cycle The second stage of cellular respiratio ...
... 2 ATP molecules are used at the start of glycolysis to get the process started. High-energy electrons are passed to the electron carrier NAD+, forming two molecules of NADH. 4 ATP are synthesized during glycolysis for a net gain of 2 ATP. The Krebs Cycle The second stage of cellular respiratio ...
oxidation, reduction, redox potential, citric acid cycle, respiratory
... saccharides, lipids and amino acids and its main aim is to produce reduced coenzymes for energy production. Citric acid cycle is localized in matrix and inner membrane of mitochondria and in one turn of cycle (processing 1 molecule of acetyl coenzyme A) are produced 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP (immediate ...
... saccharides, lipids and amino acids and its main aim is to produce reduced coenzymes for energy production. Citric acid cycle is localized in matrix and inner membrane of mitochondria and in one turn of cycle (processing 1 molecule of acetyl coenzyme A) are produced 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP (immediate ...
Key Area 8 Respiration
... Success Criteria: Be able to name the process of respiration in the absence of oxygen Be able to describe the process of respiration in the absence of oxygen . Be able to name the conditions that plants or yeast would be in to carry out this process. ...
... Success Criteria: Be able to name the process of respiration in the absence of oxygen Be able to describe the process of respiration in the absence of oxygen . Be able to name the conditions that plants or yeast would be in to carry out this process. ...
respiration2
... molecules such as sugars and lipids. Respiration takes place in all cells all of the time Breathing is the mechanical process that supplies oxygen to the body for respiration and that removes carbon dioxide produced. Breathing ventilates the gas exchange surfaces. Aerobic Respiration is respiration ...
... molecules such as sugars and lipids. Respiration takes place in all cells all of the time Breathing is the mechanical process that supplies oxygen to the body for respiration and that removes carbon dioxide produced. Breathing ventilates the gas exchange surfaces. Aerobic Respiration is respiration ...
Connections of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid
... Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called ...
... Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called ...
Glycolysis
... Of the two products formed in the aldolase reaction, only glyceraldehydes goes on into the second phase of glycolysis. The other triose phosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate must be converted into glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate by the enzyme triose phosphate ...
... Of the two products formed in the aldolase reaction, only glyceraldehydes goes on into the second phase of glycolysis. The other triose phosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate must be converted into glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate by the enzyme triose phosphate ...
Biosynthesis of Pyrimidines
... • Substances take part in de-novo synthesis: • i.Carbamoyl phosphate: • Carbamoyl phosphate use in the synthesis of Pyrimidines synthesized in cytosol by the catalysis of Carbamoyl phosphate synthase-2. • ii.Aspartic acid: • React with Carbamoyl phosphate forming Ncarbamoyl aspartate. • iii.ATP: ...
... • Substances take part in de-novo synthesis: • i.Carbamoyl phosphate: • Carbamoyl phosphate use in the synthesis of Pyrimidines synthesized in cytosol by the catalysis of Carbamoyl phosphate synthase-2. • ii.Aspartic acid: • React with Carbamoyl phosphate forming Ncarbamoyl aspartate. • iii.ATP: ...
General Biology I (BIOLS 102)
... Endergonic Reactions - products have more free energy than reactants (i.e. not spontaneous and requires energy) ...
... Endergonic Reactions - products have more free energy than reactants (i.e. not spontaneous and requires energy) ...
The Citric acid cycle (2)
... pathways , e.g Heme . So, there is constant efflux of carbon units from the cycle .To counterbalance the loss , filling up reactions are necessary . Eg. - Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate(PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) ( most ...
... pathways , e.g Heme . So, there is constant efflux of carbon units from the cycle .To counterbalance the loss , filling up reactions are necessary . Eg. - Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate(PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) ( most ...
Energy
... Thermal energy provided by room temperature is sufficient to reach the transition state ...
... Thermal energy provided by room temperature is sufficient to reach the transition state ...
Energy Metabolism of spermatozoa
... substrates in to usable forms of energy . Enzymes for this conversion are in the mitochondrial sheath . The principal energy substrates in semen are ;fructose(simple sugar) ,sorbitol(sugar alcohol) and Glycerylphosphorylcholine(GPC). Notes 1-fructose and sorbitol are produced by seminal vesicle whil ...
... substrates in to usable forms of energy . Enzymes for this conversion are in the mitochondrial sheath . The principal energy substrates in semen are ;fructose(simple sugar) ,sorbitol(sugar alcohol) and Glycerylphosphorylcholine(GPC). Notes 1-fructose and sorbitol are produced by seminal vesicle whil ...
7 | cellular respiration
... The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule requires energy. Phosphate groups are negatively charged and thus repel one another when they are arranged in series, as they are in ADP and ATP. This repulsion makes the ADP and ATP molecules inherently unstable. The release of one or two phosphate gr ...
... The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule requires energy. Phosphate groups are negatively charged and thus repel one another when they are arranged in series, as they are in ADP and ATP. This repulsion makes the ADP and ATP molecules inherently unstable. The release of one or two phosphate gr ...
Unit 4 Photosynthesis
... Movement of protons within the thylakoid space due to the redox reactions that move electrons down the Electron Transport Chain H+ Gradient develops Ion Channel – ATP Synthase moves H+ out of the thylakoid Provides energy for the formation of ATP from ADP + P + Energy ...
... Movement of protons within the thylakoid space due to the redox reactions that move electrons down the Electron Transport Chain H+ Gradient develops Ion Channel – ATP Synthase moves H+ out of the thylakoid Provides energy for the formation of ATP from ADP + P + Energy ...
energy
... Energy generation and glycolysis I. Oxidation of the energy source II. Reduction of NAD+ III. Making ATP through substrate level phosphorylation IV. Glycolysis V. Reoxidation of NADH ...
... Energy generation and glycolysis I. Oxidation of the energy source II. Reduction of NAD+ III. Making ATP through substrate level phosphorylation IV. Glycolysis V. Reoxidation of NADH ...
Cellular Respiration
... Wine making Grapes are crushed and the sugar they contain is fermented by yeasts to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide usually escapes but if the wine is bottled before fermentation is complete, the carbon dioxide dissolves and escapes as bubble when the bottle is opened This is ...
... Wine making Grapes are crushed and the sugar they contain is fermented by yeasts to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide usually escapes but if the wine is bottled before fermentation is complete, the carbon dioxide dissolves and escapes as bubble when the bottle is opened This is ...
C 4 plants
... yields energy – Used to pump H+ across the thylakoid membrane – Protons move from stroma into the thylakoid space • Flow of H+ back across the thylakoid membrane – Energizes ATP synthase, which – Enzymatically produces ATP from ADP + Pi • This method of producing ATP is called chemiosmosis • Photosy ...
... yields energy – Used to pump H+ across the thylakoid membrane – Protons move from stroma into the thylakoid space • Flow of H+ back across the thylakoid membrane – Energizes ATP synthase, which – Enzymatically produces ATP from ADP + Pi • This method of producing ATP is called chemiosmosis • Photosy ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.