video slide
... 1. When a pigment absorbs light, one of the molecule’s electrons is elevated to an orbital where it has more potential energy 2. The electron has moved from its ground state to an excited state, which is unstable 3. When excited electrons fall back to the ground state, photons are given off, an afte ...
... 1. When a pigment absorbs light, one of the molecule’s electrons is elevated to an orbital where it has more potential energy 2. The electron has moved from its ground state to an excited state, which is unstable 3. When excited electrons fall back to the ground state, photons are given off, an afte ...
1 2 Resp iratio n : Gly co lysis: TC A -cy cle
... bacterial species other sugars can be transported by the PTS-system. The PTS-system is abundant in anaerobic as well as facultative bacteria. Strictly aerobic bacteria use predominantly hexokinase for phosphorylation of hexoses in combination with other types of transport systems (e.g. symports or a ...
... bacterial species other sugars can be transported by the PTS-system. The PTS-system is abundant in anaerobic as well as facultative bacteria. Strictly aerobic bacteria use predominantly hexokinase for phosphorylation of hexoses in combination with other types of transport systems (e.g. symports or a ...
lect4
... from glutamate Glutamine synthesis is an energy requiring reaction The reaction is catalysed by glutamine synthetase (GS) GS glutamate + NH4+ + ATP ...
... from glutamate Glutamine synthesis is an energy requiring reaction The reaction is catalysed by glutamine synthetase (GS) GS glutamate + NH4+ + ATP ...
Relationship between Protein Synthesis and Secretion in Liver Cells
... into protein in liver cell suspensions in which the adenine nucleotide system was manipulated by adding either fructose, glycerol, rotenone or 2,4-dinitrophenol. The incorporation of L-[1-14C]leucine into protein was lowered by 50% by 4-8 mM fructose, 2-3 mM glycerol, 2-4 fLM rotenone, and 10-30 fLM ...
... into protein in liver cell suspensions in which the adenine nucleotide system was manipulated by adding either fructose, glycerol, rotenone or 2,4-dinitrophenol. The incorporation of L-[1-14C]leucine into protein was lowered by 50% by 4-8 mM fructose, 2-3 mM glycerol, 2-4 fLM rotenone, and 10-30 fLM ...
Name: _____ Date: ______ Class:______________
... because they can only happen if there is sunlight. One of the things that happen using the sun’s energy is the enzyme ____________________ generates ATP, whose energy is used in further steps of photosynthesis. The other process that happens is ____________________, where water is broken down into H ...
... because they can only happen if there is sunlight. One of the things that happen using the sun’s energy is the enzyme ____________________ generates ATP, whose energy is used in further steps of photosynthesis. The other process that happens is ____________________, where water is broken down into H ...
4 Dr. M. Alzaharna 2016 Dr. M. Alzaharna 2016 II. REACTIONS OF
... fumarase (fumarate hydratas e ), and malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate by malate dehydrogenase , producing NADH. Three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP (whose terminal phosphate can be transferred to ADP by nucleoside diphosphate kinase, producing ATP) are produced by one round of the TCA cycle. The ge ...
... fumarase (fumarate hydratas e ), and malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate by malate dehydrogenase , producing NADH. Three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP (whose terminal phosphate can be transferred to ADP by nucleoside diphosphate kinase, producing ATP) are produced by one round of the TCA cycle. The ge ...
Chapter 7
... • glucose and galactose are absorbed very efficiency. Mannose absorbed about 20% of the efficiency of glucose, arabinose at the lowest rate. (Table 7.3 ) ...
... • glucose and galactose are absorbed very efficiency. Mannose absorbed about 20% of the efficiency of glucose, arabinose at the lowest rate. (Table 7.3 ) ...
Chapt 8 Energetics notes - Kasson
... • A H+ (proton) concentration gradient is produced by the movement of electrons along the electron transport chain. • Several chain molecules can use the energy from the flow of electrons down the chain to pump H+ from the matrix to the intermembrane space. • This concentration of H+ is a form of st ...
... • A H+ (proton) concentration gradient is produced by the movement of electrons along the electron transport chain. • Several chain molecules can use the energy from the flow of electrons down the chain to pump H+ from the matrix to the intermembrane space. • This concentration of H+ is a form of st ...
Chapter 8 - Slothnet
... ΔG is related to the point of equilibrium: the further towards completion the point of equilibrium is, the more free energy is released. ΔG values near zero are characteristic of readily reversible reactions. ...
... ΔG is related to the point of equilibrium: the further towards completion the point of equilibrium is, the more free energy is released. ΔG values near zero are characteristic of readily reversible reactions. ...
Lecture_5_Control_of_glycolysis
... Enzymes catalyzing irreversible reactions in metabolic pathways are potential control sites. In glycolysis, these enzymes are 1. Hexokinase ...
... Enzymes catalyzing irreversible reactions in metabolic pathways are potential control sites. In glycolysis, these enzymes are 1. Hexokinase ...
03-232 Biochemistry Exam III - S2014 Name:________________________
... likely difference between the fatty acids in these two oils and how does this difference affect their melting temperatures? What fundamental thermodynamic interaction (e.g. H-bonds, electrostatics) is responsible for this difference? Choice B: The concentration of two short polypeptides in membranes ...
... likely difference between the fatty acids in these two oils and how does this difference affect their melting temperatures? What fundamental thermodynamic interaction (e.g. H-bonds, electrostatics) is responsible for this difference? Choice B: The concentration of two short polypeptides in membranes ...
The Science of Energy Metabolism
... acetyl-CoA, or converted to ketone bodies or fatty acids. They cannot be converted to glucose. ...
... acetyl-CoA, or converted to ketone bodies or fatty acids. They cannot be converted to glucose. ...
Anaerobically functioning mitochondria
... condensation product of arginine and pyruvate. In addition to the utilization of opines as anaerobic metabolic intermediates by invertebrate organisms, opines were also discovered and characterized as metabolic intermediates in plant parasites, specifically crown gall tumors (Holsters et al., 1978; ...
... condensation product of arginine and pyruvate. In addition to the utilization of opines as anaerobic metabolic intermediates by invertebrate organisms, opines were also discovered and characterized as metabolic intermediates in plant parasites, specifically crown gall tumors (Holsters et al., 1978; ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
... C) endergonic reactions can be fueled by coupling them with the hydrolysis of high-energy phosphate bonds in ATP. D) the regeneration of ATP from ADP can be fueled by coupling it with endergonic reactions. E) ATP is a disposable form of chemical energy, used once and then discarded by the cell. Answ ...
... C) endergonic reactions can be fueled by coupling them with the hydrolysis of high-energy phosphate bonds in ATP. D) the regeneration of ATP from ADP can be fueled by coupling it with endergonic reactions. E) ATP is a disposable form of chemical energy, used once and then discarded by the cell. Answ ...
Chapter 5- Metabolism of bacteria
... • Oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid • 2 ATP are invested to begin the biochemical pathway. • Four molecules of ATP are generated through substrate level phosphorylation. ...
... • Oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid • 2 ATP are invested to begin the biochemical pathway. • Four molecules of ATP are generated through substrate level phosphorylation. ...
The TCA Cycle
... will be oxidized directly in the mitochondria. b. The ability of glucose to be oxidized in the cytosol is unique. It allows some energy to be produced from the oxidation of glucose even when there is no mitochondria present in the cell, which is very useful in some areas of the body like the cornea. ...
... will be oxidized directly in the mitochondria. b. The ability of glucose to be oxidized in the cytosol is unique. It allows some energy to be produced from the oxidation of glucose even when there is no mitochondria present in the cell, which is very useful in some areas of the body like the cornea. ...
2 Pyruvate
... All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and other organic fuels to pyruvate In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons from food during glycolysis The mechanism of NADH oxidation differs In fermentation the final electron acceptor is an organic molecule such ...
... All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and other organic fuels to pyruvate In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons from food during glycolysis The mechanism of NADH oxidation differs In fermentation the final electron acceptor is an organic molecule such ...
Single Molecule Detection in Life Science
... ATP synthase (F1F0-ATPase) produces ATP from ADP and Pi in the F1 portion by using proton- or sodium-motive force in the F0 portion (Fig. 4A) [29]. The process is reversible. When hydrolyzing ATP in F 1, the enzyme pumps protons in F0 in the opposite direction. ATPase and proton flow are coupled by ...
... ATP synthase (F1F0-ATPase) produces ATP from ADP and Pi in the F1 portion by using proton- or sodium-motive force in the F0 portion (Fig. 4A) [29]. The process is reversible. When hydrolyzing ATP in F 1, the enzyme pumps protons in F0 in the opposite direction. ATPase and proton flow are coupled by ...
RBTopic3_7 Cellular Respiration - wfs
... Topic 3 The Chemistry of Life Topic 3.7: Cellular Respiration (Textbook pages 76-82) Key facts 1. Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP. ATP, adenosine triphosphate, is the actual compound that provides energy for all cellular processes. 2. ...
... Topic 3 The Chemistry of Life Topic 3.7: Cellular Respiration (Textbook pages 76-82) Key facts 1. Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP. ATP, adenosine triphosphate, is the actual compound that provides energy for all cellular processes. 2. ...
Final Exam Study Guide: Chapter 16: Citric Acid Cycle
... Write the first reaction of the citric acid cycle. Name the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction and provide the formulas of the reactants and the products of this reaction. ...
... Write the first reaction of the citric acid cycle. Name the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction and provide the formulas of the reactants and the products of this reaction. ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... Galactosemia patients develop cataracts by deposition of galactitol in the lens ...
... Galactosemia patients develop cataracts by deposition of galactitol in the lens ...
Biology Ch08
... This is similar to an electron carrier. Once an electron receives energy from the sun, it is considered a “highenergy electron.” The electron does not travel on its own from place to place. Another substance (in this case NADP) carries the electron to its destination. As the electron loses it’s high ...
... This is similar to an electron carrier. Once an electron receives energy from the sun, it is considered a “highenergy electron.” The electron does not travel on its own from place to place. Another substance (in this case NADP) carries the electron to its destination. As the electron loses it’s high ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.