LT AP BIO
... From this point, each turn 2 C atoms enter (acetyl CoA) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) Acetyl CoA combines with Oxaloacetate to form Citric acid (why it is also called citric acid cycle) Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) For each pyruvate that enters: 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH; 1 FAD+ reduced to F ...
... From this point, each turn 2 C atoms enter (acetyl CoA) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) Acetyl CoA combines with Oxaloacetate to form Citric acid (why it is also called citric acid cycle) Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) For each pyruvate that enters: 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH; 1 FAD+ reduced to F ...
Ch 4: Cellular Metabolism
... Catabolism (ATP production) Anabolism (Synthesis of biologically important molecules) ...
... Catabolism (ATP production) Anabolism (Synthesis of biologically important molecules) ...
respiration - SchoolRack
... Stage 1: Energy Investment Stage Cell uses ATP to phosphorylate compounds of glucose Stage 2: Energy Payoff Stage Two 3-C compounds oxidized For each glucose molecule: 2 Net ATP produced by substrate-level ...
... Stage 1: Energy Investment Stage Cell uses ATP to phosphorylate compounds of glucose Stage 2: Energy Payoff Stage Two 3-C compounds oxidized For each glucose molecule: 2 Net ATP produced by substrate-level ...
Welcome to the basics lecture on cellular respiration
... matrix, and the fluid between the membranes is called the intermembrane space. ...
... matrix, and the fluid between the membranes is called the intermembrane space. ...
Chapter 8
... Glycolysis: First stage of energyreleasing pathways • 2 ATP is required to start glycosis • Enzymes in the cytoplasm catalyze several steps in glucose breakdown – Glucose is first phosphorylated in energyrequiring steps, then the six-carbon intermediate is split to form two molecules of PGAL (which ...
... Glycolysis: First stage of energyreleasing pathways • 2 ATP is required to start glycosis • Enzymes in the cytoplasm catalyze several steps in glucose breakdown – Glucose is first phosphorylated in energyrequiring steps, then the six-carbon intermediate is split to form two molecules of PGAL (which ...
Note packet
... ________________ this color. ______________________ is one of the most abundant pigments in a plant which absorbs the red and blue colors of the spectrum and reflects ________________ which is what makes plants appear green. The light plants absorb is used to undergo __________________________. ...
... ________________ this color. ______________________ is one of the most abundant pigments in a plant which absorbs the red and blue colors of the spectrum and reflects ________________ which is what makes plants appear green. The light plants absorb is used to undergo __________________________. ...
21. Which of the electron carriers in the electron transport
... 23. What type of redox center within the respiratory chain does not contain any non-amino acid components? a) cytochrome c b) FMN c) *ubiquinone d) none of the above e) all of the above 24. An uncoupling protein would do the following a) transport protons against a concentration gradient b) function ...
... 23. What type of redox center within the respiratory chain does not contain any non-amino acid components? a) cytochrome c b) FMN c) *ubiquinone d) none of the above e) all of the above 24. An uncoupling protein would do the following a) transport protons against a concentration gradient b) function ...
FINAL EXAM - 09 December 2005
... In sugar cane (a C4 plant), CO2 is released for use in the Calvin-Benson cycle: A. B. C. D. E. ...
... In sugar cane (a C4 plant), CO2 is released for use in the Calvin-Benson cycle: A. B. C. D. E. ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Hydrogen ions are stripped of their energy, and large amounts of ATP are formed. –Takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. –The used ions and Hydronium are combined with –oxygen to form H2O. –Produces: • 34 ATP ...
... • Hydrogen ions are stripped of their energy, and large amounts of ATP are formed. –Takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. –The used ions and Hydronium are combined with –oxygen to form H2O. –Produces: • 34 ATP ...
Introduction to the study of cell biology
... phosphorylation Fig. Three stages of cellular catabolism that via controlled “burning” conserve energy for use in heterotrophic cells. Food is hydrolysed into small molecules in the cytoplasm. Glycolysis is also cytoplasmic. Pyruvate and other substrates are taken up by mitochondria under aerobic co ...
... phosphorylation Fig. Three stages of cellular catabolism that via controlled “burning” conserve energy for use in heterotrophic cells. Food is hydrolysed into small molecules in the cytoplasm. Glycolysis is also cytoplasmic. Pyruvate and other substrates are taken up by mitochondria under aerobic co ...
Cell Respiration Notes (Honors)
... The pyruvate from glycolysis is slightly modified before the citric acid cycle begins. These new molecules are broken down to form ATP and CO2. One ATP per cycle is produced, two cycles occur per glucose molecule – therefore 2 ATP’s are produced by Krebs Cycle. ...
... The pyruvate from glycolysis is slightly modified before the citric acid cycle begins. These new molecules are broken down to form ATP and CO2. One ATP per cycle is produced, two cycles occur per glucose molecule – therefore 2 ATP’s are produced by Krebs Cycle. ...
cell energy test review
... _____ 1. For each 2-carbon compound 1 ATP molecule and 2 CO2 molecules are produced. _____ 2. For each glucose molecule 2 ATP molecules are produced. _____ 3. For each glucose molecule 32 ATP molecules are produced. _____ 4. produces the same number of ATP molecules as fermentation _____ 5. the proc ...
... _____ 1. For each 2-carbon compound 1 ATP molecule and 2 CO2 molecules are produced. _____ 2. For each glucose molecule 2 ATP molecules are produced. _____ 3. For each glucose molecule 32 ATP molecules are produced. _____ 4. produces the same number of ATP molecules as fermentation _____ 5. the proc ...
• In the cell, nutrients and oxygen, have different electron affinities.
... In CELL: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + HEAT + 32 ATP ALL molecules are in moles: 6 O2 means 6 moles of O2; one mole of O2 has a volume of 22.4 liters 32 ATP means 32 moles of ATP; one mole of ATP = 507 grams In a person 134.4 liters of O2 are used to produce 16224 grams of ATP from the potential ...
... In CELL: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + HEAT + 32 ATP ALL molecules are in moles: 6 O2 means 6 moles of O2; one mole of O2 has a volume of 22.4 liters 32 ATP means 32 moles of ATP; one mole of ATP = 507 grams In a person 134.4 liters of O2 are used to produce 16224 grams of ATP from the potential ...
No Slide Title
... Pyruvic acid is broken down to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Ex. yeast (used in production of baked ...
... Pyruvic acid is broken down to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Ex. yeast (used in production of baked ...
Cellular Respiration
... a. It produces a net gain of ATP. b. It is an aerobic process. c. It can be performed only by bacteria. d. It produces more energy per glucose molecule than does aerobic respiration. 2. Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis? a. an agent that reacts with oxygen ...
... a. It produces a net gain of ATP. b. It is an aerobic process. c. It can be performed only by bacteria. d. It produces more energy per glucose molecule than does aerobic respiration. 2. Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis? a. an agent that reacts with oxygen ...
Problem Set 3 (Due February 4th) 1. In 1896, Christiaan Eijkman
... b. Calculate the equilibrium concentration ratio of phosphocreatine to creatine in the creatine kinase reaction Creatine + ATP ⇌ Phosphocreatine + ADP ...
... b. Calculate the equilibrium concentration ratio of phosphocreatine to creatine in the creatine kinase reaction Creatine + ATP ⇌ Phosphocreatine + ADP ...
Week 5 - UW Canvas
... 11. A yeast mutant was isolated that was defective in the linking step. a. How many moles of ATP would this mutant produce per mole of glucose if glucose was the source of energy and O2 was available? b. How many moles of ATP per mole of pyruvate would this mutant produce if pyruvate was the source ...
... 11. A yeast mutant was isolated that was defective in the linking step. a. How many moles of ATP would this mutant produce per mole of glucose if glucose was the source of energy and O2 was available? b. How many moles of ATP per mole of pyruvate would this mutant produce if pyruvate was the source ...
4 Cell Resp Part 2 NT
... What is the advantage of the highly folded inner membrane? ___________________ _______________________________________________ ...
... What is the advantage of the highly folded inner membrane? ___________________ _______________________________________________ ...
Transport of molecules into a bacterial cell
... • Photosynthesis: light driven ATP synthesis. • Anaerobic respiration: organic compounds oxidized, electrons passed down e- transport chain to some molecule other than oxygen (e.g. NO3, SO4). • Inorganic molecules can be oxidized with ATP synthesis by e- transport and chemiosmosis. • Fermentation: c ...
... • Photosynthesis: light driven ATP synthesis. • Anaerobic respiration: organic compounds oxidized, electrons passed down e- transport chain to some molecule other than oxygen (e.g. NO3, SO4). • Inorganic molecules can be oxidized with ATP synthesis by e- transport and chemiosmosis. • Fermentation: c ...
PS 3 Answers
... either from succinate or NADH oxidation it will, of course, have the same redox potential. The production of QH2 via Complex I pumps 4 net protons to the intermembrane space, but the same is not true for oxidation of succinate via Complex II (where no protons are pumped). Thus the 4 proton different ...
... either from succinate or NADH oxidation it will, of course, have the same redox potential. The production of QH2 via Complex I pumps 4 net protons to the intermembrane space, but the same is not true for oxidation of succinate via Complex II (where no protons are pumped). Thus the 4 proton different ...
Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration Test Review
... Oxidative phosphorylation – a) inner mitochondrial membrane / mitochondrial matrix, b) ATP and water, c) produce ATP 12. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in 2 stages. What are these 2 stages, and what happens in each? Electron transport chain – take electrons from electron carriers (FADH2 and NADH); ...
... Oxidative phosphorylation – a) inner mitochondrial membrane / mitochondrial matrix, b) ATP and water, c) produce ATP 12. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in 2 stages. What are these 2 stages, and what happens in each? Electron transport chain – take electrons from electron carriers (FADH2 and NADH); ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.